{"id":54124,"date":"2026-11-12T16:35:02","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T11:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=54124"},"modified":"2026-11-05T11:20:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T06:20:51","slug":"sayyid-sarif-jurjoniyning-at-ta%ca%bcrifot-asarida-qur%ca%bcon-ilmlariga-oid-istilohlarning-yoritilisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=54124&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SAYYID \u015eARIF JURJONIYNING \u201cAT-TA\u02bcRIFOT\u201d ASARIDA QUR\u02bcON ILMLARIGA OID ISTILOHLARNING YORITILI\u015eI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Manbalarda Sayyid \u015earif Jurjoniyning (740-816\/1340-1416) kalom, tafsir, hadis, fiqh, mantiq, balo\u011fat, sarf, nahv, meros, falsafa, astronomiya kabi ilmlarda yuzga yaqin kitob bitgani haqida ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud. Lekin olimni dunyoga Jurjoniy sifatida tanitgan asarlari sanoqli. Islomiy ilmlarga oid istilohlarga ba\u011fi\u015flangan \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201d (\u201cTa\u02bcriflar\u201d) nomli asar olim ilmiy merosining eng k\u00f6zga k\u00f6ringan namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallifning s\u00f6ziga k\u00f6ra, islomiy ilmlar sohasida \u00f6z davriga qadar yozilgan butun bo\u015fli asarlardan saralab olingan u\u015fbu qomus ilm talabidagi ki\u015filarga qulaylik tu\u011fdiri\u015f maqsadida tasnif etilgan b\u00f6lib, alifbo harflari tartibida tuzilgan [1:29].<\/span><\/p>\n

Jurjoniy \u00f6zining bu kitobida 2026 ta istilohning ta\u02bcrifini keltirgan b\u00f6lib, ular asosan kalom, falsafa, mantiq, nahv, sarf, aruz, qofiya, tafsir, hadis, fiqh, faroiz, usulul fiqh, hisob, balo\u011fat, tasavvuf, astronomiya, tibbiyot kabi ilmlarga xos istilohlarni \u00f6z i\u00e7iga olgan [2:68].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201dda istilohlarning lu\u011faviy ma\u02bcnolari bayon qilingandan s\u00f6ng ularning bo\u015fqa ilmlardagi ta\u02bcriflari keltiriladi. Ba\u02bczi istilohlarning lu\u011faviy ma\u02bcnolari yoritilmasdan t\u00f6\u011fridan t\u00f6\u011fri ta\u02bcrifla\u015fga kiri\u015filgan. S\u00f6zlarning daqiq va nozik jihatlariga\u00e7a bayon etilgan u\u015fbu asarda ba\u02bczi tasavvuf va falsafa ilmlariga oid istilohlarning ta\u02bcriflari mubham b\u00f6lib qolgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olim til\u015funoslikka oid ta\u02bcriflarni yoriti\u015fda ma\u015fhur nahv olimlari Sibavayh, Ali ibn Hamza Kisoiy, Yahyo ibn Ziyod Farro, fiqhga oid s\u00f6zlar ta\u02bcrifida Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf va Imom \u015eofeiy, tasavvufga oid s\u00f6zlar ta\u02bcrifida Muhyiddin Arabiy, Abu Tolib Makkiy va Abdulkarim Qu\u015fayriy kabi olimlar asarlaridan foydalangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jurjoniydan oldin Abu Nasr Forobiy \u201cEhsoul ulum\u201d, Ibn Sino \u201cAqsamul ulum\u201d, Muhammad Xorazmiy \u201cMafatihul ulum\u201d, Faxriddin Roziy \u201cHadaiqul anvor\u201d, Ahmad Far\u011foniy \u201cLatoiful i\u02bclam\u201d nomli asarlar bitgan. Ammo bu kabi asarlar aynan istilohlar ta\u02bcrifiga ba\u011fi\u015flangan b\u00f6lmay, balki ularda turli ilmlar ta\u02bcrifi bayon etili\u015fi jarayonida qisman istilohlarga ham joy ajratilgan. \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201d esa turli ilm sohalariga oid istilohlarni alifbo tartibida jamlagan ilk asar sifatida ajralib turadi [1:29].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunga qadar \u00f6z ahamiyatini y\u00f6qotmay kelayotgan mazkur asar \u00f6zidan keyingi davrda Tahonaviyning \u201cKa\u015f\u015fof istilohotil funun va-l-ulum\u201d, Abul Baqoning \u201cAl-Kulliyot\u201d, Rizo Tavfiqning \u201cMufassal qomusi falsafa\u201d kabi asarlari yozili\u015fi u\u00e7un manba vazifasini \u00f6tagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jurjoniyning \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201d asarida yuqorida sanab \u00f6tilgan ilmlarga oid istilohlar bilan birga, Qur\u02bcon ilmlariga tegi\u015fli istilohlar ta\u02bcrifi ham keltirilgan. Jumladan, olim asarda \u201cQur\u02bcon\u201d, \u201cmuhkam\u201d, \u201cmuta\u015fobeh\u201d, \u201cmutlaq\u201d, \u201cmuqayyad\u201d, \u201cnasx\u201d, \u201cmujmal\u201d, \u201cmuqtado-n-nas\u201d, \u201ctafsir\u201d, \u201cta\u02bcvil\u201d, \u201cmuavval\u201d, \u201clahn\u201d, \u201cmajoz\u201d, \u201cmutavotir\u201d, \u201cmufassar\u201d, \u201cbayon at-tafsir\u201d kabi yigirmaga yaqin istilohlar ta\u02bcrifini keltirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jurjoniy \u201cQur\u02bcon\u201d s\u00f6zi ta\u02bcrifida bunday deydi: \u201cU Pay\u011fambarga nozil etilgan, sahifalarga yozilgan, pay\u011fambardan \u015fubhasiz va mutavotir tarzda naql qilingan (Kitob)dir\u201d [3:146]. U\u015fbu ta\u02bcrifdan s\u00f6ng Jurjoniy \u00f6z uslubiga k\u00f6ra, s\u00f6zning bo\u015fqalar nazdidagi ta\u02bcrifini keltiradi va: \u00abQur\u02bcon ahli haq nazdida: \u201cUmumiy laduniy ilm va bar\u00e7a haqiqatlarning jamlov\u00e7isidir\u201d\u00bb, deydi. \u015euningdek, \u201ctafsir\u201d va \u201cta\u02bcvil\u201d s\u00f6zlari ta\u02bcrifidan mazkur ikki istiloh \u00f6rtasidagi farqni osongina angla\u015f mumkin: \u201cTafsirning asl ma\u02bcnosi ka\u015ff eti\u015f va izhor qili\u015f. \u015eariatda esa oyat ma\u02bcnosi, maqsadi, unga oid qissa va nozil b\u00f6li\u015f sababini o\u00e7iq-oydin dalolat qiluv\u00e7i lafz bilan bayon eti\u015fdir\u201d. Ta\u02bcvil s\u00f6zi ta\u02bcrifida: \u201cTa\u02bcvil aslida qayti\u015f ma\u02bcnosini anglatadi. \u015eariatda esa lafzni zohiriy ma\u02bcnodan ehtimolli ma\u02bcnoga y\u00f6naltiri\u015fdir. Ehtimolli ma\u02bcno quyidagi oyat ta\u02bcvilidagi kabi Kitob va sunnatga muvofiq b\u00f6li\u015fi lozim:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062a\u0650<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c…tirikni \u00f6likdan, \u00f6likni tirikdan (kim \u00e7iqaradi?)\u201d <\/strong>(Yunus surasi, 31-oyat).<\/span><\/p>\n

Agar (mufassir) bu oyatdan qu\u015fning tuxumdan \u00e7iqi\u015fi (ma\u02bcnosi)ni nazarda tutsa, bu tafsir hisoblanadi. Agar kofirdan m\u00f6minni \u00e7iqari\u015f, johildan olimni \u00e7iqari\u015f nazarda tutilsa, bu ta\u02bcvil hisoblanadi\u201d, deydi [3:46].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, Qur\u02bconi karimda 77347 ta s\u00f6z kelgan b\u00f6lib, ulardan 14721 s\u00f6z takrorsiz q\u00f6llangan. \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201d asarida Qur\u02bcon ilmlariga oid istilohlar qatorida Qur\u02bconi karimda zikr etilgan 341 ta s\u00f6zning ta\u02bcrifi ham yoritib \u00f6tilgan. Ularning orasida \u201cal-ufuq al-a\u02bcla\u201d, \u201cal-ufuq al-mubiyn\u201d, \u201cal-kitab al-mubiyn\u201d, \u201cqoba qovsayni\u201d, \u201cmajma\u02bcu-l-bahroyn\u201d, \u201cal-A\u02bcrof\u201d, \u201ca\u02bcyna-l-yaqiyn\u201d, \u201ctabziyr\u201d \u201culu-l-albab\u201d, \u201cummu-l-kitab\u201d, \u201cyavmu-l-jam\u02bc\u201d, \u201cat-tavbatu-n-nasuh\u201d kabi s\u00f6zlar Qur\u02bconi karimda qanday \u015faklda kelgan b\u00f6lsa, aynan \u015funday ifodalangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jurjoniy \u201cat-tavbatu-n-nasuh\u201d iborasi ta\u02bcrifida quyidagilarni keltiradi: \u201cQilgan (gunoh)ining \u00f6x\u015fa\u015figa qaytmaslikka qat\u02bciy qaror qili\u015f. Ibn Abbos roziyallohu anhuma: \u201cAt-tavbatu-n-nasuh qalb bilan nadomat qili\u015f, til bilan isti\u011ffor ayti\u015f, jisman (gunohni) tark eti\u015f, gunohga qaytmaslikni qasd qili\u015fdir\u201d, degan. Aytili\u015fi\u00e7a, tavba lu\u011fatda \u201cgunohdan qayti\u015fdir\u201d. \u015euningdek, bu ma\u02bcno u\u00e7un \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628[at-tavb] s\u00f6zi ham q\u00f6llanadi. Alloh taolo:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628\u0650<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cU, gunohni ma\u011ffirat qilguv\u00e7i, tavbani qabul etguv\u00e7i…\u201d <\/strong>(\u011eofir surasi, 3-oyat), deydi. Aytili\u015fi\u00e7a, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628 [at-tavb] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629[at-tavba] s\u00f6zining k\u00f6pligidir. Tavba \u015fariatda: \u201cYomon fe\u02bcllardan maqtalgan fe\u02bcllarga qayti\u015fdir. Bar\u00e7a ulamolar nazdida (gunohga) tezda tavba qili\u015f vojibdir. Tavbaning vojibligiga Alloh taoloning:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAllohga bar\u00e7angiz tavba qiling, ey m\u00f6minlar!\u201d <\/strong>(Nur surasi, 31-oyat) oyati hujjat b\u00f6ladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tezda tavba qili\u015f lozimligi esa uni ke\u00e7iktiri\u015fda taqiqlangan i\u015fda davom eti\u015f ehtimoli borligi u\u00e7undir. \u201cInobat\u201d s\u00f6zi ham tavbaga \u015far\u02bciy va lu\u011faviy jihatdan yaqindir. Bir qara\u015fga k\u00f6ra, \u201cat-tavbatu-n-nasuh\u201d xoh jahriy, xoh maxfiy b\u00f6lsin, qilgan amalida gunohning asarini qoldirmaslik sanaladi. Bo\u015fqa bir qara\u015fda, u sohibini dunyo-yu oxiratda najotga olib boradi, deyiladi. Bir qavlda, tavba e\u02bctirof, nadomat va tark eti\u015fdir, deyiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tavba u\u00e7 ma\u02bcnoni anglatadi. Birin\u00e7isi, nadomat, ikkin\u00e7isi, Alloh qaytargan i\u015fga qayti\u015fni tark eti\u015f, u\u00e7in\u00e7isi, qilingan zulm va nohaqliklarni bartaraf eti\u015fga harakat qili\u015fdir\u201d [3:63].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015euningdek, asarda \u201cistitoat\u201d, \u201cisrof\u201d, \u201ctafrit\u201d, \u201ctafakkur\u201d, \u201ctavakkul\u201d, \u201cmash\u201d, \u201cnisyon\u201d, \u201ctayammum\u201d kabi Qur\u02bconi karimda fe\u02bcl tarzida zikr etilgan s\u00f6zlarning masdar \u015fakllari keltirilgan b\u00f6lib, ularni ham Qur\u02bconi karim s\u00f6zlarining ta\u02bcrifi, deb bahola\u015f mumkin. \u015eu bilan birga, asarda \u201cmasbuq\u201d, \u201cmamdud\u201d kabi asli Qur\u02bconi karimda zikr etilgan s\u00f6zlar ta\u02bcrifi keltirilgan b\u00f6lsa-da, s\u00f6zlar mazmuni oyatda kelgan ma\u02bcnoga dalolat qilmasligi sababli ularni Qur\u02bconi karimda kelgan s\u00f6zlarning ta\u02bcrifi sifatida baholab b\u00f6lmaydi. Masalan, Qur\u02bconda \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 [al-masbuq] s\u00f6zi ikki \u00f6rinda \u201cojiz\u201d ma\u02bcnosida zikr etilgan, \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201dda esa u\u015fbu s\u00f6zning fiqhiy ma\u02bcnosi, ya\u02bcni namozga keyin kelib q\u00f6\u015filgan ki\u015fi haqida s\u00f6z yuritiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201dda s\u00f6zlarning ma\u02bcnolarini yoriti\u015fda Qur\u02bcon oyatlari va hadislardan iz\u00e7il foydalanilgan b\u00f6lib, umumiy oltmi\u015f t\u00f6qqizta istiloh ta\u02bcrifida qirq u\u00e7 suraning sakson be\u015f oyati dalil sifatida keltirilgan. \u015eulardan sakkiz oyat takror q\u00f6llangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XV asrdan hozirgi kunimizga qadar islomiy ilmlarga oid istilohlar borasida e\u02bctirof va e\u02bctiborda b\u00f6lgan \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201d asarini Qur\u02bcon ilmlari nuqtai nazaridan yoriti\u015f Sayyid \u015earif Jurjoniy merosining \u00f6rta asrlar Qur\u02bcon ilmlari rivojida tutgan \u00f6rnini k\u00f6rsatib beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Islam ansiklopedisi. J. 40. \u2013 Istanbul, 2013.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u015eayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Samarqandning sara ulamolari. \u2013 T.: Hilol na\u015fr, 2014.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Sayyid \u015earif Jurjoniy. M\u00f6\u02bcjam at-ta\u02bcrifot. \u2013 Qohira: Dor al-fazila, 2004.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Doston MUSTAFOYEV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    \u00d6zbekiston xalqaro islom\u015funoslik akademiyasi,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    \u201cIslom\u015funoslik va islom sivilizatsiyasini \u00f6rgani\u015f<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    ISESCO\u201d kafedrasi \u00f6qituv\u00e7isi,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    Imom Moturidiy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi katta ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    \u00abMOVAROUNNAHR VA ISLOM SIVILIZATSIYASINING \u015eAKLLANI\u015eI\u00bb MAVZUSIDA \u00d6TKAZILGAN XALQARO KONFERENSIYA T\u00d6PLAMIDAN OLINDI.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Manbalarda Sayyid \u015earif Jurjoniyning (740-816\/1340-1416) kalom, tafsir, hadis, fiqh, mantiq, balo\u011fat, sarf, nahv, meros, falsafa, astronomiya kabi ilmlarda yuzga yaqin kitob bitgani haqida ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud. Lekin olimni dunyoga Jurjoniy sifatida tanitgan asarlari sanoqli. Islomiy ilmlarga oid istilohlarga ba\u011fi\u015flangan \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201d (\u201cTa\u02bcriflar\u201d) nomli asar olim ilmiy merosining eng k\u00f6zga k\u00f6ringan namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Muallifning s\u00f6ziga k\u00f6ra, islomiy …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54124"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54126,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54124\/revisions\/54126"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/54125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}