{"id":54072,"date":"2026-11-10T14:17:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T09:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=54072"},"modified":"2026-11-04T15:25:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T10:25:51","slug":"islomning-ilk-davrida-ayollarning-diniy-va-ilmiy-maqsadlardagi-safarlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=54072&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ISLOMNING ILK DAVRIDA AYOLLARNING DINIY VA ILMIY MAQSADLARDAGI SAFARLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Haba\u015fistonga birin\u00e7i hijrat davomida t\u00f6rt nafar, ikkin\u00e7i hijrat davomida esa \u00f6n sakkiz yoki \u00f6n t\u00f6qqiz nafar sahobiya Makkadan Haba\u015fistonga\u00e7a b\u00f6lgan ma\u015faqqatli safarda i\u015ftirok etgan edi. U\u015fbu ayollar orasida Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam)ning qizlari Ruqayya (vaf. 2\/624) ham bor edi. \u015euningdek, keyin\u00e7alik \u00abUmmahotul m\u00f6minin\u00bb \u2014 m\u00f6minlar onalari maqomiga eri\u015fgan Savda (vaf. 23\/644), Ummu Salama (vaf. 62\/681) va Ummu Habiba (vaf. 44\/664) ham Haba\u015fistonga hijrat qilganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hijrat, gar\u00e7i Islom dinini erkin tarzda ado eti\u015f va e\u02bctiqodni saqlab qoli\u015f maqsadida amalga o\u015firilgan b\u00f6lsa-da, u \u00f6zi bilan bir qator ilmiy va madaniy natijalarni ham olib kelgan. Masalan, Ummu Salama va Ummu Habibaning Haba\u015fistonda k\u00f6rgan \u00e7erkovlari, ulardagi tasvirlar haqida Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam)ga xabar beri\u015flari ana \u015fu axborot alma\u015finuvining namunalaridan biridir. \u015euningdek, Asmo binti Umaysning (vaf. 40\/661) Haba\u015fistonda duradgorlik hunarini \u00f6rgani\u015fi hamda u yerda k\u00f6rgan marhumlarni tobutda k\u00f6tarib dafn eti\u015f an\u02bcanasini Arabiston yarimoroliga olib keli\u015fi ham bilim va madaniy tajriba alma\u015finuvining yana bir yorqin misolidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Madinaga hijrat qili\u015f hijrat imkoniyatiga ega b\u00f6lmagan mustaz\u02bcaf ki\u015filardan ta\u015fqari, bar\u00e7a musulmon erkak va ayollar u\u00e7un majburiy edi. \u015eu sababli Madinaga hijrat k\u00f6plab sahobiyalar i\u015ftirok etgan safarlardan biriga aylangan. Darhaqiqat, Qur\u02bconi karimda ham muhojir ayollar jamoasiga i\u015fora qilinganini k\u00f6ri\u015f mumkin. Muhojira ayollar ba\u02bczan guruh-guruh b\u00f6lib y\u00f6lga \u00e7iqqan b\u00f6lsalar, ular orasida Ummu Salama kabi Makkadan Madinaga deyarli yol\u011fiz safar qili\u015fga majbur b\u00f6lganlari ham bor edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) davrlarida ayollarning uzoq hududlarga safar qili\u015f sabablaridan biri harbiy yuri\u015flarda i\u015ftirok eti\u015f edi. Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) harbiy yuri\u015f maqsadida safarga \u00e7iqqanlarida, albatta, ayollaridan birini \u00f6zlari bilan birga olib ketardilar. Gar\u00e7i bunday safarlar Oi\u015fa (vaf. 58\/678) onamizning marjonlarini y\u00f6qotib q\u00f6yi\u015flari va \u00abIfk hodisasi\u00bb kabi ayollar u\u00e7un turli qiyin\u00e7ilik hamda ta\u015fvi\u015flarni keltirib \u00e7iqargan b\u00f6lsa-da, Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) bu amaliyotdan voz ke\u00e7maganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Harbiy yuri\u015flar amalga o\u015firilgan hududlar Madinadan un\u00e7alik yaqin masofada joyla\u015fmagan edi. Masalan, Oi\u015fa va Ummu Salama onalarimiz i\u015ftirok etgan Banu Mustaliq \u011fazoti (5\/627) sodir b\u00f6lgan Muraysiy\u02bc hududi Madinadan taxminan 70 mil (112 km) masofada joyla\u015fgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) davrlarida safarlarda i\u015ftirok etgan ayollar faqatgina Ummahotul m\u00f6minindan iborat emas edi. Madinadan 170 km \u015fimolda joyla\u015fgan Xaybar fathida i\u015ftirok etgan sahobiyalardan biri Ummu Ziyod mazkur harbiy yuri\u015fda olti nafar ayol qatna\u015fganini ma\u02bclum qiladi. \u015euningdek, Madinadan taxminan 450 km uzoqlikda joyla\u015fgan Makkani fath eti\u015f u\u00e7un y\u00f6lga \u00e7iqqan sahobalar orasida ham ayollar bor edi. Bar\u00e7a \u011fazotlar orasida eng uzoq masofada \u2014 Madinadan 778 km uzoqlikda amalga o\u015firilgan Tabuk \u011fazoti (9\/630) ham oz sonli b\u00f6lsa-da, ayollar i\u015ftirok etgan harbiy yuri\u015flardan biri sifatida namoyon b\u00f6ladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Darhaqiqat, ayollarning mazkur harbiy yuri\u015flarda i\u015ftirok eti\u015fi ularning safar davomida k\u00f6rgan-bilganlarini keyin\u00e7alik rivoyat qili\u015flariga ham zamin yaratgan. Masalan, Xaybar \u011fazotida (7\/628) i\u015ftirok etgan sahobiyalardan Ummu Ziyod A\u015fjaiyya Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) ayollarga ham erkaklar qatori \u00f6ljadan ulu\u015f ajratganlari va ayollarning u\u015fbu harbiy yuri\u015f davomida bajargan vazifalari haqida rivoyat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ayollarning safarga \u00e7iqi\u015fida harbiy yuri\u015f asosiy maqsadlardan biri b\u00f6lgani kabi, Saodat asrida Islomni qabul qilganini e\u02bclon qili\u015f va Islom diniga oid turli savollarga javob oli\u015f maqsadida Arabiston yarimorolining turli hududlaridan Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) huzurlariga kelgan sahobiyalar ham b\u00f6lgan. Masalan, Qayla binti Mahrama Najd hududida istiqomat qiluv\u00e7i Tamim qabilasiga mansub b\u00f6lib, Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam)ga ayrim savollarni beri\u015f maqsadida Najddan Madinaga safar qilgan sahobiyalardan biri edi. Najd Madinadan taxminan 100 km \u015farqda joyla\u015fgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Islom an\u02bcanalarida ilk davrlardan bugungi kunga qadar ayollar u\u00e7un eng keng tarqalgan va umumiy safar sababi haj ibodati b\u00f6lib kelgan. Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) davrlariga nazar ta\u015flaydigan b\u00f6lsak, Vidola\u015fuv hajida Islomni qabul qilgan musulmonlarning katta qismi \u2014 erkaklar ham, ayollar ham bir joyga jam b\u00f6lganini ayti\u015f mumkin. Ayrim manbalarda Vidola\u015fuv hajida erkak va ayollardan iborat jami qirq ming ki\u015fi i\u015ftirok etgani qayd etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Darhaqiqat, sayohat erkaklar bilan bir qatorda ayollar u\u00e7un ham diniy jihatdan zaruriy tus olgan asosiy ibodat \u2013 hajdir. Zero, safarni taqozo etuv\u00e7i harbiy yuri\u015f yoki ilm oli\u015f kabi faoliyatlar farz kifoya xususiyatiga ega b\u00f6lsa, haj ibodati farz ayn hisoblanadi. \u015euningdek, hajning farzligi borasida erkaklar va ayollar \u00f6rtasida he\u00e7 qanday farq mavjud emas. \u015eu sababli Islom an\u02bcanalarida ayol va sayohat munosabatining eng yaqqol hamda keng tarqalgan ifodasi haj ibodati ekanini ta\u02bckidla\u015f mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hatto Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam)ning hajni \u00abayollarning jihodi\u00bb deb ta\u02bcriflab, uni ra\u011fbatlantirganlari ham bu ikki amal \u00f6rtasidagi umumiy jihat \u2013 safar ma\u015faqqatlari bilan bo\u011fliq b\u00f6li\u015fi mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bo\u015fqa tomondan, ayniqsa, tobeinlar avlodiga mansub ayollar u\u00e7un haj safarlari Makka va Madina \u015faharlarida Ummahotul m\u00f6minin hamda bo\u015fqa sahobalar bilan u\u00e7ra\u015fi\u015f imkoniyatini yaratgan. Bu esa turli hududlardan kelgan ayol tobeinlarga hadislarni bevosita sahobalarning \u00f6zlaridan e\u015fiti\u015f imkonini bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bunga misol tariqasida Ummu Salim binti Molik Rosibiyyani keltiri\u015f mumkin. U haj yoki umra maqsadida Hijozga \u00f6n yetti marta safar qilgan va Oi\u015fa onamizdan hadis tinglagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Kufalik ayol tobeiya Jasra binti Da\u011foja esa qirq marta umra ibodatini ado etgan. U\u015fbu umra safarlari davomida Oi\u015fa, Ummu Salama onalarimiz hamda Abu Zarr \u011eiforiy (vaf. 32\/653) bilan u\u00e7ra\u015fi\u015f imkoniga ega b\u00f6lgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Dikro binti \u011eolib esa tavof jarayonida Oi\u015fa onamizdan hadis qabul qilgan basralik ayol tobeiya edi. Bu kabi misollarni yana k\u00f6plab keltiri\u015f mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Mazkur misollar haj ibodati hadis ilmini \u00f6rgani\u015fning asosiy vositalaridan biri b\u00f6lgan \u00abrihla\u00bb (ilm talabida safar qili\u015f) xususiyatini ham \u00f6zida mujassam etganini yaqqol k\u00f6rsatadi. Bo\u015fqa\u00e7a aytganda, haj nafaqat diniy bur\u00e7ni ado eti\u015f, balki turli hududlardagi ilm ahli bilan u\u00e7ra\u015fi\u015f, sahobalardan bevosita hadis tingla\u015f va ilmiy bilimlarni \u00f6zla\u015ftiri\u015f u\u00e7un ham muhim imkoniyat vazifasini bajargan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hadis ilmini \u00f6rgani\u015f maqsadida safarlarga \u00e7iqi\u015f keng tarqalgan va muqarrar faoliyatga aylani\u015fi, bo\u015fqa\u00e7a aytganda, rihlaning \u00f6ziga xos ilmiy metod sifatida \u015fakllanib, k\u00f6plab hududlarni qamrab olgan holda kengayi\u015fi tobeinlarga erga\u015fganlar (atbo\u02bc at-tobein) davridan bo\u015flanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Aslida, rihlaning ilk namunalari Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) davrlarida ham u\u00e7raydi. Jumladan, u zotga savol beri\u015f maqsadida kelgan sahobalar va turli vakillar, \u015funingdek, sahobalar davrida Jobir ibn Abdulloh (vaf. 78\/697) va Abu Ayyub Ansoriy (vaf. 49\/669)ning birgina hadisni e\u015fiti\u015f u\u00e7un safar qilganlari bunga misol b\u00f6la oladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Tobeinlar davrida esa Said ibn Musayyabning (vaf. 94\/713) bir ne\u00e7a kunlab safar qili\u015fi, Hasan Basriyning (vaf. 110\/728) faqat bitta hadisni e\u015fiti\u015f maqsadida y\u00f6lga \u00e7iqi\u015fi, keyin\u00e7alik Hu\u015faym ibn Ba\u015firning (vaf. 183\/799) ikki \u015fahar \u00f6rtasida hadis \u00f6rgani\u015f u\u00e7un qatnab turganini ta\u02bckidla\u015fi kabi voqealar hadis ilmi y\u00f6lidagi safarlarning dastlabki namunalarini ta\u015fkil etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Biroq mazkur misollarning bar\u00e7asiga xos umumiy jihat \u015fundaki, ular faqat ikki hudud \u00f6rtasida amalga o\u015firilgan safarlardan iborat edi. Masalan, Jobir ibn Abdulloh Abdulloh ibn Unaysdan (vaf. 54\/674) hadis e\u015fiti\u015f u\u00e7un Madinadan \u015eomga; Abu Ayyub Ansoriy esa Uqba ibn Omirdan (vaf. 58\/678) hadis tingla\u015f maqsadida Madinadan Misrga safar qilgan. Said ibn Musayyab Abu Hurayradan (vaf. 58\/678) hadis oli\u015f u\u00e7un Madinadan Zul-Hulayfaga\u00e7a borgan. Hasan Basriy esa Ka\u02bcb ibn Ujradan (vaf. 52\/672) hadis e\u015fiti\u015f maqsadida Basradan Kufaga y\u00f6l olgan. Atbo\u02bc at-tobein avlodining yirik vakillaridan b\u00f6lgan Hu\u015faym ibn Ba\u015fir ham \u00f6z safarlari ikki \u015fahar \u00f6rtasida amalga o\u015fganini qayd etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Romahurmuziy (vaf. 360\/971) hadis \u00f6rgani\u015f maqsadidagi safarlarning k\u00f6plab hududlarni qamrab olgan keng k\u00f6lamli safarlarga, \u015funingdek, imkon qadar k\u00f6proq ki\u015filardan hadis jamla\u015f faoliyatiga aylani\u015fini Abdulloh ibn Muborak (vaf. 181\/797), Abu Dovud Tayolisiy (vaf. 204\/819) va Zayd ibn Hubob (vaf. 230\/844) faoliyati bilan bo\u011flaydi. \u015eundan kelib \u00e7iqib, hududlararo rihla an\u02bcanasi atbo\u02bc at-tobein davrida \u015fakllana bo\u015flagan, deb ayti\u015f mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Biroq safarlar vositasida bilim va ma\u02bclumot alma\u015fi\u015fning ildizlari Islomning ilk davrlariga\u00e7a borib taqaladi. Bu jarayonda erkaklar bilan bir qatorda ayollar ham i\u015ftirok etganlar. Hatto Imom Buxoriy (vaf. 256\/870) va Xatib Ba\u011fdodiy (vaf. 463\/1071) kabi mualliflar ilm \u00f6rgani\u015f maqsadida amalga o\u015firilgan safarlarni Muso alayhissalomning Xizr alayhissalom bilan u\u00e7ra\u015fuvi voqeasi misolida bayon qilganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Insonlar turli muammo va masalalarga du\u00e7 kelganlarida ulovlariga minib, Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam) huzurlariga keli\u015flari, u zotning turli hududlarga el\u00e7ilar yubori\u015flari, el\u00e7ilar orqali yetkazilgan ma\u02bclumotlarni tasdiqlati\u015f maqsadida ayrim ki\u015filarning yana Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam)ga murojaat qili\u015flari ilmiy maqsadlardagi safarlarning ildizlari Saodat asriga\u00e7a borib taqali\u015fini k\u00f6rsatadi. Abu Ayyub Ansoriy va Jobir ibn Abdullohning rihlalari bu borada keltiriladigan eng muhim misollardandir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u015eubhasiz, sahobalar davrida hali oliy sanadga ega b\u00f6li\u015f, turli matn va rivoyat y\u00f6llarini jamla\u015f, hadislarni tadvin qili\u015f kabi uslubiy va metodologik maqsadlar \u015fakllanmagan edi. Ehtimol, \u00f6\u015fa davrda jihod, haj, ya\u015fa\u015f joyini \u00f6zgartiri\u015f (iskon) kabi turli sabablar bilan amalga o\u015firilgan safarlar davomida hadislarni rivoyat qili\u015f, \u015fu orqali bilim va ma\u02bclumotlarni yangi hududlar hamda insonlarga yetkazi\u015f jarayoni ustuvor b\u00f6lgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ayniqsa, sahobiya ayollarning safarlari va ular davomida hadislarni rivoyat qili\u015f holatini ham tizimli ma\u02bcnodagi rihla doirasida emas, balki sayohatning tabiiy ravi\u015fda yuzaga kelgan natijalaridan biri sifatida bahola\u015f lozim. Zero, ularning safarlari turli-tuman sabab va maqsadlarga asoslangan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Otabek MUHAMMADIYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>katta ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0Haba\u015fistonga birin\u00e7i hijrat davomida t\u00f6rt nafar, ikkin\u00e7i hijrat davomida esa \u00f6n sakkiz yoki \u00f6n t\u00f6qqiz nafar sahobiya Makkadan Haba\u015fistonga\u00e7a b\u00f6lgan ma\u015faqqatli safarda i\u015ftirok etgan edi. U\u015fbu ayollar orasida Rasululloh (sollallohu alayhi vasallam)ning qizlari Ruqayya (vaf. 2\/624) ham bor edi. \u015euningdek, keyin\u00e7alik \u00abUmmahotul m\u00f6minin\u00bb \u2014 m\u00f6minlar onalari maqomiga eri\u015fgan Savda (vaf. 23\/644), Ummu Salama (vaf. 62\/681) &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54073,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54072"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54072"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54074,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54072\/revisions\/54074"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/54073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}