{"id":53959,"date":"2026-11-03T09:02:53","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T04:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=53959"},"modified":"2026-11-03T09:02:53","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T04:02:53","slug":"turkistondagi-ilk-siyosiy-uyusma-soroi-islom-jamiyati-tarixiga-nazar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=53959&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"TURKISTONDAGI ILK SIYOSIY UYU\u015eMA \u2013 \u201c\u015e\u00d6ROI ISLOM\u201d JAMIYATI TARIXIGA NAZAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kiri\u015f. <\/strong>1917-yil Rossiya imperiyasida yuz bergan Fevral inqilobidan keyin turkistonlik ziyolilarning mustamlaka\u00e7ilik siyosati va huquqiy institutlarga munosabati keskin \u00f6zgardi. Turkiston mustaqilligi va Rossiya tarkibidan \u00e7iqib keti\u015f masalasi hali kun tartibiga q\u00f6yilmagan b\u00f6lsa ham, \u00f6lkada \u201ckeng huquqli hokimiyat\u201dni q\u00f6lga kiriti\u015f lozim degan xulosaga kelindi. \u015eu sababli, madaniy-ijtimoiy uyu\u015fma sifatida \u015fakllangan \u201cJamiyati imdodiya\u201d, \u201cTuron\u201d kabi uyu\u015fmalar 1917-yildan keyin \u00f6zini siyosiy jamiyat deb e\u02bclon qilib, hokimiyat u\u00e7un kura\u015fga kiri\u015fdi. Ayni paytda, \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati tuzilib, bar\u00e7a tarqoq tuzilmalarni birla\u015ftirgan holda milliy davlat\u00e7ilikka ega \u00e7iqi\u015f va uni isloh qili\u015f \u011foyasini ilgari surdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mavzuga oid adabiyotlar tahlili.<\/strong> \u00d6zbekiston mustaqilligi qayta q\u00f6lga kiritilgandan s\u00f6ng k\u00f6plab sohalar qatori tarix fanida ham yangi\u00e7a yonda\u015fuv va qara\u015flar asosida turli masalalar tahlil qilina bo\u015flandi. Ular qatorida Turkistondagi milliy siyosiy uyu\u015fmalar \u2013\u00a0 \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islomiya\u201d, \u201c\u015e\u00f6royi ulamo\u201d, \u201cTurk Adami Markaziyat firqasi\u201d, \u201cSotsialistik Erk firqasi\u201d, \u201cJadidlar firqasi\u201d, \u201cTurkiston milliy birligi\u201d va bo\u015fqalarning maqsad va vazifalari, dasturi, umumiy faoliyati, paydo b\u00f6li\u015f jarayonlari haqida yangi izlani\u015flar olib borildi. Jumladan, R.Abdullayevning tadqiqotlarida Turkistondagi milliy siyosiy tuzilmalar faoliyati Rossiya imperiyasidagi umumsiyosiy jarayonlarning bir qismi sifatida k\u00f6rib \u00e7iqilib, \u015fu yonda\u015fuv asosida masalaga baho beriladi [1]. Bundan ta\u015fqari, tarix\u00e7i olimlardan S.A\u02bczamx\u00f6jayev, Q.Rajabov, A.Mingnorov [2] kabi tarix\u00e7ilarning milliy siyosiy ta\u015fkilotlarning faoliyatiga ba\u011fi\u015flangan tadqiqot va izlani\u015flar mavjud b\u00f6lib, ularda masalaning yoritili\u015fi tadqiqotlar obyekti doirasida va kompleks manbaviy tahlil nuqtai nazaridan k\u00f6rib \u00e7iqiladi. Bu tadqiqotlar kelgusi izlani\u015flar u\u00e7un \u00f6ziga xos poydevor q\u00f6ygan b\u00f6lsa ham, ularda milliy siyosiy uyu\u015fma va jamiyatlar, xususan, \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati faoliyati tarixi alohida ajratilgan holda tahlil etilmagani \u00f6ziga xos b\u00f6\u015fliqni yuzaga keltiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqot metodologiyasi.<\/strong> U\u015fbu mavzuni yoriti\u015fda muammoviy-xronologik, tarixiy obyektivlik, narrativ, qiyosiy va tizimli tahlil usullaridan foydalanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tahlil va natijalar.<\/strong> Manba va tadqiqotlardan ma\u02bclum b\u00f6li\u015fi\u00e7a, \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyatining ta\u015fkil topi\u015fi 1917-yil mart oyi bo\u015flariga t\u00f6\u011fri keladi [7]. Unga k\u00f6ra, Rossiya imperiyasi markazidagi \u00f6zgari\u015flar xabari To\u015fkentga kelar-kelmas eski \u015faharda jadidlar faolla\u015fib, ularning hokimiyatni q\u00f6lga oli\u015f y\u00f6lidagi harakatlari bo\u015flangan. 1917-yil 9-martda Munavvarqori Abdura\u015fidxonov, Ubaydullax\u00f6ja Asadullax\u00f6jayevlar ta\u015fabbusi bilan To\u015fkent eski \u015fahar jome masjidida \u00f6tkazilgan namoyi\u015fda To\u015fkent \u015fahar ijroq\u00f6mga jamoat\u00e7ilikdan vakillar sayla\u015f hamda musulmonlar manfaatlarini himoya qiluv\u00e7i siyosiy jamiyat tuzi\u015f masalasi k\u00f6tarib \u00e7iqilgan [19:35]. Bu masalada Muhammadaminbek Xudoyorxonov jamiyatning ismini \u201cSirdaryoi To\u015fkand\u201d b\u00f6lsin deb taklif bergan b\u00f6lsa, s\u00f6ngida Munavvarqori \u201cBu jamiyat ki\u015filari islom ki\u015filarining vakillaridur. \u015euning u\u00e7un buning ismini \u201cIslomning \u015f\u00f6rosi\u201d deb q\u00f6yi\u015f kerak. \u015eunda qisqaroq qilib aytmoq\u00e7i b\u00f6lsak, \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d deb yurgizilsa b\u00f6ladir\u201d, deb jamiyatga nom bergan [6]. 1917-yil 13-mart kuni b\u00f6lgan navbatdagi yi\u011finda 48 (har bir dahadan 10 va t\u00f6rt jamiyat tarafidan 8) ki\u015filik hay\u02bcat saylangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamiyatning 14-mart kuni birin\u00e7i umumiy majlisida rasmiyla\u015ftiri\u015f jarayonlari yakunlanib, 48 ki\u015fi yoniga bo\u015fqa xalq vakillaridan 13 ki\u015fini q\u00f6\u015fgan holda \u201cTo\u015fkand \u015e\u00f6roi Islomiyasi\u201d tuzilgani e\u02bclon qilingan [28]. \u015eu kunning \u00f6zida 15 ki\u015filik idora majlisi \u015fakllantirilib, unda Abdulvohidqori Abduraufqori \u00f6\u011fli rais va Munavvarqori Abdura\u015fidxon \u00f6\u011fli rais muovini, Kattax\u00f6ja Bobox\u00f6ja \u00f6\u011fli sarkotib va Karimqori Ku\u00e7ikboy \u00f6\u011fli muovin, Mulla Ziyo Oxund Y\u00f6ldo\u015f \u00f6\u011fli xazinador va Abdulsamiqori Hidoyatboy \u00f6\u011fli unga muovin etib saylanadilar [15:23]. Abdulvohidqori Abduraufqoriyevning qozilikka saylani\u015f munosabati bilan 6-apreldagi iste\u02bcfosidan s\u00f6ng, jamiyat raisi qilib Ubaydulla X\u00f6jayev saylangan. Har doimgidek uning yaqin safdo\u015fi Munavvarqori Abdura\u015fidxonov bilan birga ular jamiyatning bo\u015f harakatlantiruv\u00e7i ku\u00e7iga aylangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muftiy Sadriddinxon \u015earifx\u00f6ja \u00f6\u011fli jamiyat tuzi\u015f sabablarini \u015funday izohlagan edi: \u201c1917-yil Rus inqilobidan foydalanib, Turkiston musulmonlarini yagona ittifoq asosida birla\u015ftirmoq maqsadida d\u00f6stlarim yordami bilan To\u015fkentda \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d ta\u015fkilotini tuzdik. Niyatimiz Turkistonda tuziladigan musulmon ta\u015fkilotlari \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201dga oid b\u00f6lmoqlari edi\u201d[3:43].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati tuzilgan vaqtda hali uning nizom va dasturi i\u015flab \u00e7iqilmagan. Jamiyat idora majlisining 15-martda \u00f6tkazilgan ilk yi\u011fili\u015fida bu masala k\u00f6rilib, jamiyatning \u201ckeng jumhuriyat\u201d siyosiy maslak tarafdori sifatida dastur i\u015flab \u00e7iqi\u015f u\u00e7un 3 ki\u015fidan iborat komissiya tuzi\u015f qarori \u00e7iqarilgan. \u015euningdek, yi\u011finda ta\u02bclim islohot loyihasini tayyorlov\u00e7i komissiya tuzi\u015f, eski \u015fahar bo\u015fqaruvini q\u00f6lga oli\u015f, oziq-ovqat taq\u00e7illigini bartaraf qili\u015f u\u00e7un erkin bozor tamoyillarini joriy qili\u015f kabi turli masalalar muhokama qilingani ma\u02bclum [28].<\/span><\/p>\n

1917-yil 9-aprel majlisida tasdiqlangan \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201dning faoliyat y\u00f6nali\u015flarini belgilab bergan 4 bob, 30 moddalik Nizomidan k\u00f6rinadiki, jamiyat Turkistonda yangi bo\u015fqaruv tartibini \u015fakllantiruv\u00e7i bo\u015f markaz b\u00f6li\u015fni asosiy maqsad qilib belgilagan:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Turkiston musulmonlari orasida siyosiy, ilmiy va ijtimoiy jihatdan zamonga muvofiq fikrni tarqati\u015f;<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Butun Turkiston musulmonlarini bir fikr, bir maslak sari y\u00f6naltiri\u015fga tadbir va harakat qili\u015f;<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Xalqni yangi hukumatning maqsad va vazifalarini amalga o\u015firi\u015fda keng i\u015ftirok eti\u015fga \u00e7aqiri\u015f;<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Mamlakatning idora usuli haqida ma\u02bclumot tarqatib, ta\u015fkilot majlisi (u\u00e7riditilniy sobraniya)ga tayyorla\u015f [25:11].<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Turkistonning mustamlaka qaramo\u011fidan \u00e7iqarib ozod davlat va jamiyat quri\u015f u\u00e7un qulay imkoniyat va vaqt yetib kelganligi jadidlar tilidan \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d Nizomidagi \u201cButun Turkiston musulmonlarini bir fikr, bir maslak sari y\u00f6naltiri\u015fga tadbir va harakat qili\u015f\u201d<\/em> jumlasi bilan ifodalangan edi. Uning negizida xalqqa mavjud siyosiy vaziyatni tu\u015funtiri\u015f va tar\u011fibot-ta\u015fviqot i\u015flarini ku\u00e7aytiri\u015f, \u00f6lka bo\u015fqaruviga milliy rahbarlarni olib keli\u015f, hayotning bar\u00e7a jabhasini qamrab oladigan islohot loyihalarini tayyorla\u015f, \u00f6lkadagi turli millat vakillarini totuvligini ta\u02bcminla\u015f va bo\u015fqa \u015fu kabi vazifalar belgilab olindi [10:13-14].<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati \u00f6z maqsadiga yeti\u015fi\u015f u\u00e7un amaliy harakatlarga kiri\u015far ekan ilk bosqi\u00e7da Turkistonning turli \u015faharlarida \u00f6z \u015f\u00f6balarini o\u00e7ib, tarqoq uyu\u015fmalarni markazla\u015ftiri\u015f va xalqni ta\u02bcsir ostiga oli\u015fga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratdi. 1917-yilning 8-aprel kungi jamiyat umumiy majlisida \u00d6\u015f, Andijon, Skobelev, Turkiston, \u00d6ratepa va Marv \u015faharlarida \u015f\u00f6balar o\u00e7ilgani ma\u02bclum qilinib, ularga Markaziy \u015e\u00f6roning qonun va dasturini yubori\u015fga qaror qilindi [10:10]. 9-aprelda Samarqandda \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d \u015f\u00f6basi o\u00e7ilgan b\u00f6lsa [16], 10-aprelda Namanganga u\u00e7 ki\u015filik vakil yuborilib, jamiyat \u015f\u00f6basini o\u00e7i\u015f vazifasi top\u015firildi [23]. Aprel oxiriga qadar Andijon uyezdining Jalaquduq va Asaka, Q\u00f6qon uyezdining Konibodom va S\u00f6x, To\u015fkent uyezdining Tilov kabi qi\u015floq va b\u00f6lislarida ham jamiyat \u015f\u00f6balari o\u00e7ilib, i\u015fga kiri\u015fdi [8].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jamiyatning butun \u00f6lka b\u00f6ylab yoyili\u015fida bir-biri bilan oldindan aloqada b\u00f6lgan jadidlar va jamoat faollari alohida \u00f6rin tutgan. Ular turli yi\u011fin va majlislar uyu\u015ftirib, \u00f6lka aholisini yagona siyosiy ittifoq asosida birla\u015fi\u015fga va ozodlik va erkinlikni himoya qili\u015fga \u00e7orlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u015eu bilan birga, jamiyat \u201cNajot\u201d va ayni vaqtda \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d nomida gazetalar \u00e7iqarib, turli namoyi\u015flarga vakillar yuborib, butun siyosiy vaziyatni nazorat qili\u015fga harakat qilgan [4:38].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jamiyat \u015f\u00f6balari har doim bir tartibda muammolarsiz o\u00e7ilgan deb b\u00f6lmaydi. Masalan, 8-aprelda Andijonda bir vaqtning \u00f6zida \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyatining \u015f\u00f6basini o\u00e7i\u015f u\u00e7un ikki aholi guruhi \u00f6rtasida kura\u015f borgan. Biriga boy savdogarlar vakili Ahmadbek Temirbekov va bo\u015fqasiga ulamolardan Muhiddin Maxzum bo\u015f\u00e7ilik qilgan. K\u00f6p\u00e7ilik aholi ulamolar ta\u02bcsirida b\u00f6lgani u\u00e7un oxirida ular bo\u015f\u00e7iligida jamiyat \u015f\u00f6basi o\u00e7ilgan [9].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jamiyat a\u02bczolarining umumiy soni haqida aniq ma\u02bclumot mavjud emas. Lekin, manbalarda qayd etilgan ma\u02bclumotlarga k\u00f6ra, hududlardagi \u015f\u00f6balarda idora majlisi a\u02bczolari katta \u015faharlarda 20, ki\u00e7ik qi\u015floqlarda 15 ki\u015fi va umumiy majlis a\u02bczolari katta \u015faharlarda 100, ki\u00e7ik hududlarda 50 ki\u015fidan ortmasligi belgilab q\u00f6yilgani inobatga olinsa [24], Turkiston \u00f6lkasining be\u015f viloyati \u2013 Sirdaryo, Yettisuv, Far\u011fona, Samarqand va Kaspiyorti markaziy \u015faharlarining \u00f6zida 600 ga qadar a\u02bczo borligi angla\u015filadi. Birgina Avliyoota \u015f\u00f6basi misolida k\u00f6rilsa, dastlab 39 a\u02bczo b\u00f6lib, keyin\u00e7alik ularning soni 54 nafarga yetgan [29]. Andijonning S\u00f6fiqi\u015floq \u015f\u00f6basida esa 20 ki\u015fi b\u00f6lgan [8].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jamiyatning moliyaviy asosi hukumat va jamoat muassasalaridan olingan mabla\u011flar, badavlat ki\u015filardan olingan in\u02bcom pullar, sotilgan kitob, risola, jarida va majalla kabi matbuot i\u015flaridan, \u015funingdek, har xil pulli yi\u011fin va tomo\u015falardan tu\u015fgan daromadlardan iborat b\u00f6lgan [11:71]. Bu jarayonda \u015fubhasiz xalqning q\u00f6llab-quvvatlovi alohida \u00f6rin tutgan. Q\u00f6qon uyezdining S\u00f6x volostida jamiyat \u015f\u00f6basini o\u00e7i\u015f u\u00e7un borgan vakillarning da\u02bcvatiga binoan aholi tomonidan 800 s\u00f6m, Isfarada esa 6022 s\u00f6m mabla\u011f yi\u011fib berilgan [12]. 1917-yil iyunda \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati Markaziy \u015e\u00f6ro bilan birla\u015fgan vaqtda uning hisobidagi 20 ming s\u00f6m mabla\u011f unga \u00f6tkazilgan [17].<\/span><\/p>\n

    1917-yil may oyida \u00f6tkazilgan Butunrossiya musulmonlari qurultoyida i\u015ftirok eti\u015f u\u00e7un jamiyat raisi sifatida Ubaydulla X\u00f6jayev vakil qilib belgilanganda y\u00f6l xarajatlari u\u00e7un 1100 s\u00f6m, To\u015fp\u00f6lotbek Norb\u00f6tabekovga esa 500 s\u00f6m mabla\u011f ajratilgani [27] yoki a\u02bczolarni moddiy jihatdan q\u00f6llab-quvvatla\u015f maqsadida Zayniddinx\u00f6ja va Abdusafixonlarga 300 s\u00f6mdan, Munavvarqoriga 1000 s\u00f6m xayriya qilingani [27] jamiyatning moliyaviy jihatdan an\u00e7agina mustahkam b\u00f6lganini k\u00f6rsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyatining dastlabki faoliyati butun \u00f6lka b\u00f6ylab yoyili\u015fi bilan barobar hokimiyatni asta-sekin milliy yetak\u00e7ilar q\u00f6liga \u00f6tkazi\u015f jarayoni bilan birga ke\u00e7di. Xususan, To\u015fkent eski \u015fahar bo\u015fli\u011fi Kolesnikovning \u00f6rniga komissar qilib Islombek Xudoyorxonov va unga \u00f6rinbosar qilib Musaxon Mirazimovning belgilani\u015fi, To\u015fkent t\u00f6rt daha politsiya tizimini tugatib, uning \u00f6rniga milliy muhofizlar \u2013 \u015eayxontohurdan Kattax\u00f6ja Bobox\u00f6ja e\u015fon, Sebzordan Tojixon, K\u00f6k\u00e7adan Mirzaqosim, Be\u015fyo\u011fo\u00e7dan Saidkamolxonlarning saylani\u015fi [19:35] nafaqat imperiya tizimini qulati\u015f y\u00f6lidagi kura\u015fni k\u00f6rsatib turadi, balki Turkiston xalqlarining tarixiy davlat\u00e7ilik tajribasidan kelib \u00e7iqib bo\u015fqaruvga qodir ekanini ham namoyi\u015f qiladi, albatta.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati faoliyatidagi eng katta yutuq 1917-yilning 16-23-aprel kunlari \u00f6tkazilgan birin\u00e7i Umumturkiston musulmonlari qurultoyi b\u00f6ldi. Turkistonning turli hududlaridan kelgan 200 ga yaqin vakil i\u015ftirokidagi Qurultoy kun tartibidagi dasturlar jadidlarning uzoq yillik kura\u015flari mahsuli sifatida ozodlik y\u00f6riqnomasiga aylandi. Xususan, dasturning eng katta qismini band qilgan Turkistonning b\u00f6lajak davlat maqomi \u015funday ifodalandi:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Turkistonning kelajakdagi usul idorasi:<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. a) aholi idoralara qonun yasaydur\u011fan, buyruq qiladir\u011fan va hukm qiladir\u011fan mahkamalar;<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. b) \u015far\u02bciy idoralar, madrasa va avqoflar masalalari;<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. t) moliya masalasi;<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. s) maorif, milliy va madaniy masalalar, \u00e7unon\u00e7i, ibtidoiy, \u00f6rta va oliy maktablar, hunar maktablari, maktab\u011fa\u00e7a ham maktabdan ta\u015fqari va har xil ilmiy va madaniy muassasalar;<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. j) ahli ruhoniy idoralar\u011fa saylov tartiblari;<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. d) eski idora muassasalari va ma\u02bcmurlarini \u00f6zgartuv haqinda muvaqqat \u00e7oralar;<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. z) Butun Turkiston musulmonlari ustidan qaraydirgan bir idora islomiya va mulkiya mahkamasi o\u00e7mak [21].<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Yakunda \u00e7iqarilgan qarorda esa, \u201cTurkiston musulmonlarining qurultoyi Rusiyaning usul idorasin \u201cimtiyozli xalq jumhuriyati\u201d (federativniy demoqrati\u00e7iskiy respublika) asosi\u011fa qurulub, atrof viloyatlar\u011fa keng muxtoriyat berilmo\u011fini munosib k\u00f6radur\u201d, deyilgan edi [22].<\/span><\/p>\n

      Qolaversa, dasturga \u201caholi idoralara qonun yasaydur\u011fan, buyruq qiladir\u011fan va hukm qiladir\u011fan mahkamalar\u201d jumlasining kiritili\u015fi bejiz b\u00f6lmagan. Bu 1917-yildan keyin jadidlar siyosiy faoliyatida zamonaviy davlat\u00e7ilik borasidagi qara\u015flar yanada takomilla\u015fib, qonun \u00e7iqaruv\u00e7i, ijro etuv\u00e7i va sud kabi hokimiyatning u\u00e7ga b\u00f6lini\u015f prinsiplariga asoslangan demokratik tamoyildagi respublika \u015faklini \u00f6rnati\u015f hamda mustamlaka tartiblarini butkul y\u00f6q qilib, jamiyatning bar\u00e7a sohalarini tubdan isloh qili\u015fni bo\u015f maqsad qilib belgilab olganini ifodalagan. Oldinga q\u00f6yilgan vazifaning nazariy va amaliy jihatlarini esa \u201c\u015e\u00d6ROI Islom\u201d kabi milliy tuzilma orqali hal qilib bori\u015f belgilangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Turkistonda hayotni tubdan isloh qili\u015fda \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201dning markaz\u00e7ilik \u00f6rni birin\u00e7i Umumturkiston musulmon mudarris va muallimlarining qurultoyini \u00f6tkazi\u015fida ham namoyon b\u00f6ladi. Jamiyat ta\u015fabbusi bilan 1917-yil 20-23-may kunlari To\u015fkentda \u00f6tkazilgan muallimlar qurultoyi jadidlarning uzoq yillardan beri ta\u02bclim sohasidagi orzu-istaklarini ifodasi sifatida namoyon b\u00f6ldi [20]. Unda milliy ta\u02bclim tizimining asoslarini qurib bergan muhim qarorlar qabul qilindi. Ular orasida ta\u02bclimni ona tilida olib bori\u015f, uni u\u00e7 bosqi\u00e7 \u2013 bo\u015flan\u011fi\u00e7, \u00f6rta va oliy ta\u02bclimga ajrati\u015f, majburiy bo\u015flan\u011fi\u00e7 ta\u02bclim beri\u015f, bar\u00e7a ta\u02bclim muassasalarining huquqiy jihatdan tengligi, \u00f6quv dasturlarini yagonala\u015ftiri\u015f, ta\u02bclimning davlat tomonidan moliyala\u015ftirili\u015fi, ta\u02bclim tuzilmalariga tubjoy aholining rahbarlik qili\u015fi, qizlarga ta\u02bclim beri\u015f va bo\u015fqa \u015fu kabilar aks etdi [20].<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u015euningdek, u\u015fbu jamiyat oldida turgan Muvaqqat hukumatning Turkiston q\u00f6mitasi, \u201c\u00d6lka i\u015f\u00e7i va askarlar \u015f\u00f6rosi\u201d kabi muassasalar bilan munosabat yuriti\u015f, majlisi muassason (Ta\u02bcsis majlisi) saylovlariga tayyorgarlik, o\u00e7likka qar\u015fi kura\u015f va bo\u015fqa \u015fu kabi bir qator masalalar muvaffaqiyatli hal qilib borildi [13:26]. Jumladan, 1917-yil bahoridan Turkistonda bo\u015flagan oziq-ovqat tanqisligi muammosini hal qili\u015f u\u00e7un xalqning isrofgar\u00e7ilikka sabab b\u00f6ladigan t\u00f6y va janoza marosimlarini \u00f6tkazi\u015f tartiblari belgilab berildi [26].<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati saflarida turli ijtimoiy-siyosiy qara\u015fga ega ki\u015filar jamlangan edi. Ularni \u015fartli ravi\u015fda imperiya davrida ul\u011faygan yangi avlod (jadid va rus-tuzem maktabi bitiruv\u00e7ilaridan tortib yangi milliy sarmoyadorlarga qadar) va xonliklar davridan qolgan mavqeyini saqla\u015fga intilgan katta avlod (ulamolar, qozilar, yirik mulkdor va bo\u015fqalar) ga b\u00f6li\u015f mumkin. Bu holat Turkistonning b\u00f6lajak bo\u015fqaruv \u015fakli, xotin-qizlar masalasi, ta\u02bclim islohoti va bo\u015fqa \u015fu kabilarda umumiy fikrga keli\u015fga xalaqit berardi. Oldingi davrda bo\u015flangan jamiyatni isloh qili\u015f jarayonidagi \u201cjadid\u201d va \u201cqadim\u201d ziddiyatlari bu davrda ham davom etdi. Natijada, 1917-yil may oyi oxirlarida \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati tuzilganiga u\u00e7 oy b\u00f6lmay par\u00e7alana bo\u015fladi va ikkiga b\u00f6lindi. 1917-yil iyunda uning tarkibidan \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi ulamo\u201d jamiyati ajralib \u00e7iqqa\u00e7, jamiyat faoliyati Markaziy \u015e\u00f6ro bilan birla\u015fdi. Bu jarayonda s\u00f6l eserlarga xayrixoh Sa\u02bcdulla Tursunx\u00f6jayev va Saidakram Saidazimboyev, jadidlardan Munavvarqori, Nizomiddin X\u00f6jayev, Abdulla Avloniy va bo\u015fqalar bir safdan joy olib, Turkiston ozodligi y\u00f6lida kura\u015fda davom etdi [5].<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyatining par\u00e7alani\u015fida mustamlaka\u00e7i ma\u02bcmurlar va ular bilan hamkorlik qilgan sotqinlarning hissasi beqiyos ekani \u015fubhasiz. Miyon Buzruk jamiyatning ikkiga ajrali\u015f jarayoniga baho berar ekan, \u201cUlamolar bir jamiyat ta\u015fkil qili\u015f u\u00e7un kura\u015f bo\u015fladi. \u015eunga y\u00f6l k\u00f6rsatgan odamlar, ayniqsa, ularning bo\u015fli\u011fi Ivanov va \u015funga \u00f6x\u015fagan bir ne\u00e7a ki\u015filar bo\u015fliq edi. Bularning i\u00e7ida k\u00f6proq Muxtorxon bilan Ivanov \u00f6rtasida aloqa juda yax\u015fi edi. Ularni ya\u015firib keladigan bu guruhlar yana taraqqiyparvarlarga qar\u015fi i\u015f k\u00f6ra bo\u015fladi\u201d, deb fikr bildiradi [14]. \u015euningdek, Ulamo jamiyatining raisi \u015eerali Lapinning faoliyati ham umumiy maqsad y\u00f6lidagi milliy harakatlarning b\u00f6lini\u015figa olib keldi. \u201cUlu\u011f Turkiston\u201d gazetasida bunga munosabat bildirilib, \u201c\u015eerali Lapin va bo\u015fqa \u015fu kabi \u015faxsiy \u011farazlarina berilgan zotlar\u011fa erga\u015fub\u2026 \u015funday ixtilof va iftiro \u00e7iqaruvlarina butun vujudimiz bilan ranjiymiz\u201d, deyiladi [18].<\/span><\/p>\n

      Xulosa<\/strong> qilib aytganda, 1917-yil Turkiston mintaqasida vujudga kelgan tarixiy imkoniyatdan unumli foydalangan millat oydinlari mustamlaka tartiblarini buzib, milliy zamonaviy davlat\u00e7ilik tuzilmalarini \u015fakllantiri\u015fga kiri\u015fdi. Bu jarayonda ular Turkiston hududida ya\u015fov\u00e7i bar\u00e7a xalqlarning yagona davlat bayro\u011fi ostida birla\u015ftiri\u015f maqsadini k\u00f6zlab harakat qildi. Milliy va etnik kimlik tu\u015fun\u00e7alari jadidlarning nazdida turkiylik va musulmonlik iboralari bilan angla\u015fildi. \u015euning u\u00e7un Turkistonda tuzilgan ilk milliy siyosiy uyu\u015fmaga \u2013 \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cIslom kenga\u015fi\u201d nomi berilib, bu orqali Turkiston xalqining birdamligi va birodarligi ifodalab berildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201d jamiyati \u00f6zining qisqa muddatli faoliyati davomida Turkistondagi mustamlaka bo\u015fqaruv tartiblarini yangila\u015f va rahbarlikni milliy yetak\u00e7ilar q\u00f6liga \u00f6tkazi\u015f, Turkiston muxtoriyatining huquqiy-nazariy asoslarini i\u015flab \u00e7iqi\u015f va xalqning \u015fu \u011foya asosida birla\u015ftiri\u015f, yagona milliy ta\u02bclim tizimini yarati\u015f, oziq-ovqat tanqisligi muammosini bartaraf eti\u015f kabi turli y\u00f6nali\u015flarda markaziy ta\u015fkilot sifatida katta muvaffaqiyatlarga eri\u015fdi. Ayni paytda, islohotlar borasidagi qara\u015flarning xilma-xilligi natijasida yuzaga kelgan ikki guruh \u00f6rtasidagi raqobat va unga mustamlaka hukumatining ta\u02bcsiri \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201dning markaz\u00e7ilik nufuziga putur yetkazdi va 1917-yil iyun oyida jamiyatning par\u00e7alani\u015figa sabab b\u00f6ldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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        Abdullayev P.M. Integrasionn\u044bye protsess\u044b v musulmanskom mire i Turkestanskiye djadid\u044b \/\/ Yevraziyskoye soob\u0449yestvo: ekonomika, politika, bezopasnost. \u2013 1997. \u2013 \u21162. \u2013 S. 123 \u2013 132.; \u00d6\u015fa muallif. Ob\u0449yerossiyskiye politi\u00e7eskiye organizasii Turkestana v 1917 godu. V kn.: Turkiston mustaqilligi va birligi u\u00e7un kura\u015f sahifalari. \u2013 T.: Universitet, 1996. \u2013 S. 39-; \u00d6\u015fa muallif. Nasionaln\u044bye politi\u00e7eskiye organizasii Turkestana v 1917 \u2013 1918 god\u044b. Avtoref. diss. \u2026 dokt. ist. nauk. \u2013 T., 1998. \u2013 62 s.; \u00d6\u015fa muallif. Natsionaln\u044bye politi\u00e7eskiye organizatsii Turkestana v 1917-1918 god\u044b. \u2013 T.: Adabiyot u\u00e7qunlari, 2016. \u2013 S.282.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        A\u02bczamx\u00f6jayev S. \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islomiya\u201d asli qanday edi? \/\/ Fan va turmu\u015f. \u2013 1992. \u2013 \u2116 5 \u2013 6. \u2013B. 18 \u2013 19.; \u00d6\u015fa muallif. Turkiston muxtoriyati. Milliy davlat\u00e7ilik qurili\u015fi tajribasi. \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2000. \u2013 167 b.; Rajabov Q. Turkiston muxtoriyati tarixi. \u2013 T.: Fan, 2023. \u2013 255 b.; \u00d6\u015fa muallif. \u00d6zbekiston XX asrda. Ikki jildlik. Birin\u00e7i jild (1900-1939). \u2013 T.: Fan, 2024. \u2013 751 b.; Mingnorov A. Turkistonda 1917-1918-yillardagi milliy siyosiy ta\u015fkilotlar. \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2002. \u2013 60 b.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Abdullah Receb Baysun. T\u00fcrkistan milli haraketleri. \u2013 \u0130stanbul, 1943.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Abdullah Taymas. Rus ihtilalinden hat\u0131ralar. \u2013 \u0130stanbul: G\u00fcven, 1947.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        DXX arxivi. P-33391-i\u015f, 1-yi\u011fmajild, 148-varaq.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        DXX arxivi. P-33391-i\u015f, 3-yi\u011fmajild, 383-varaq.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        DXX arxivi. P-33391-i\u015f, 3-yi\u011fmajild, 383-varaq.; Mamlakat idorasida alma\u015finuv va Turkiston \/ Ulu\u011f Turkiston. 1917-yil 25-aprel.; A\u02bczamx\u00f6jayev S. \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islomiya\u201d asli qanday edi? \/\/ Fan va turmu\u015f. \u2013 1992. \u2013 \u2116 5 \u2013 6. \u2013B. 18.; Mingnorov A. Turkistondagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy jarayonlarning milliy matbuotda yoritili\u015fi (1917-1918-yillar). \u2013 T.: Istiqlol nuri, 2013. \u2013 62-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Jalaquduq volostidagi saylov \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 28-may.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Idoraga maktublar \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 28-aprel.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Mingnorov A. Turkistonda 1917-1918-yillardagi milliy siyosiy ta\u015fkilotlar (Milliy matbuot materiallari asosida). \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2002.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Mingnorov A. Turkistondagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy jarayonlarning milliy matbuotda yoritili\u015fi (1917 \u2014 1918-yillar). \u2013 T.: Istiqlol nuri, 2013.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Muallim A. Ibodiy. B\u00f6htonga haqiqat \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 28-may.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Mustafo \u00c7\u00f6qay \u00f6\u011fli. Istiqlol jallodlari (1917-yil xotiralari). \u2013 T.: \u011eafur \u011eulom, 1992.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        PAA. 617(1a)-jam\u011farma, 482-yi\u011fmajild, 5-varaq.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Rajabov Q. Turkiston muxtoriyati tarixi. \u2013 T.: Fan, 2023.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Samarqand ahvolidan \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 21-may.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Turkiston markaziy \u015f\u00f6ro protokollari \/ Kenga\u015f. 1917-yil, 25-iyul.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Turkiston musulmonlarining ikkin\u00e7i qurultoyi \/ Ulu\u011f Turkiston. 1917-yil, 10-sentyabr.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Turkiston muxtoriyati milliy davlat\u00e7ilik qurili\u015f tajribasi.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Umumiy Turkiston musulmon mudarris va muallimlarining qurultoyi \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 26-may.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Umumturkiston musulmonlarining qurultoyi \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 21-aprel.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        Umumturkiston musulmonlarining qurultoyi \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 23-aprel.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islomiya\u201dning qaror va xizmatlari \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 21-aprel.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islomiya\u201dning muvaqqat qonuni \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 28-aprel.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islomiya\u201dning muvaqqat qonuni \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 28-aprel.; Mingnorov A. Turkistonda 1917-1918-yillardagi milliy siyosiy ta\u015fkilotlar (Milliy matbuot materiallari asosida). \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2002.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islomiya\u201dning qarornomasi \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 28-aprel<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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        \u201c\u015e\u00f6roi Islom\u201dning umumiy majlisi \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 28-aprel.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      28. \n
        \u201c\u015e\u00f6royi Islom\u201dning qaror va xizmatlari \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 26-may.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      29. \n
        \u00d6z muxbirimizdan \/ Najot. 1917-yil, 21-may.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        Asadullo XASANOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
        \u00d6zFA Tarix instituti tayan\u00e7 <\/strong>doktoranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
        \u00a0<\/strong>\u201cImom Buxoriy saboqlari\u201d jurnali 2025-yil 3-sonidan olindi.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Kiri\u015f. 1917-yil Rossiya imperiyasida yuz bergan Fevral inqilobidan keyin turkistonlik ziyolilarning mustamlaka\u00e7ilik siyosati va huquqiy institutlarga munosabati keskin \u00f6zgardi. Turkiston mustaqilligi va Rossiya tarkibidan \u00e7iqib keti\u015f masalasi hali kun tartibiga q\u00f6yilmagan b\u00f6lsa ham, \u00f6lkada \u201ckeng huquqli hokimiyat\u201dni q\u00f6lga kiriti\u015f lozim degan xulosaga kelindi. \u015eu sababli, madaniy-ijtimoiy uyu\u015fma sifatida \u015fakllangan \u201cJamiyati imdodiya\u201d, \u201cTuron\u201d kabi uyu\u015fmalar 1917-yildan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53960,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53959"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53959"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53961,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53959\/revisions\/53961"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/53960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}