{"id":53741,"date":"2026-10-29T17:28:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T12:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=53741"},"modified":"2026-10-27T17:44:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T12:44:53","slug":"buxoro-fiqh-maktabining-hanafiy-mazhabi-rivojida-tutgan-orni-ix-x-asrlar-misolida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=53741&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"BUXORO FIQH MAKTABINING HANAFIY MAZHABI RIVOJIDA TUTGAN \u00d6RNI (IX-X ASRLAR MISOLIDA)"},"content":{"rendered":"

IX-X asrlarda Movarounnahrda islom ilmlari, xususan, fiqh ilmi jadal rivojlanib, mahalliy ilmiy maktablar \u015fakllandi. Bu jarayonda Buxoro muhim ilmiy markazlardan biriga aylanib, hanafiy mazhabining keng tarqali\u015fi va mustahkamlani\u015fida alohida \u00f6rin tutdi. Biroq, Buxoro fiqh maktabining mazkur jarayondagi \u00f6rni k\u00f6p hollarda faqat ta\u015fqi ta\u02bcsirlar doirasida baholanib, uning mustaqil ilmiy maktab sifatidagi xususiyatlari yetarli\u00e7a yoritilmagan. \u015eu bois mazkur tadqiqotda Buxoro fiqh maktabining \u015fakllani\u015fi va hanafiy mazhabi rivojidagi \u00f6rni manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

U\u015fbu tadqiqotning ilmiy yangiligi \u015fundaki, Buxoro fiqh maktabi IX-X asrlarda hanafiy mazhabining rivojida faqat tarqatuv\u00e7i markaz emas, balki uni mahalliy ijtimoiy muhit va urf-odatlar asosida qayta \u015fakllantirgan mustaqil ilmiy maktab sifatida kompleks tarzda tahlil qilindi. Abu Hafs Kabir va uning \u015fogirdlari faoliyati misolida hanafiy ta\u02bclimotning Movarounnahrda institutsionalla\u015fuv jarayoni aniqla\u015ftirildi. \u015euningdek, faqihlarning davlat bo\u015fqaruvidagi i\u015ftiroki orqali hanafiy mazhabining ijtimoiy-huquqiy hayotga ta\u02bcsir mexanizmi o\u00e7ib berildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

VIII asr oxiri IX asr bo\u015flarida Movarounnahrning markaziy \u015faharlari Buxoro, Samarqand, Nasaf, Ke\u015fda hanafiylik markazlari vujudga kela bo\u015fladi. Turli \u015faharlardagi hanafiy markazlarining \u015fakllani\u015figa Iroq va Xuroson maktablarining ta\u02bcsiri salmoqli b\u00f6ldi. Buxoro maktabiga Muhammad ibn Hasan \u015eayboniy (vaf. 189\/805 y.)ning \u015fogirdi Abu Hafs Ahmad ibn Hafs Kabir Buxoriy asos soldi. U Buxoro \u015fahrini hanafiylikning muhim markazlaridan biriga aylantirdi. Abu Hafs Kabirning \u015fogirdlari hanafiylik fiqhining mintaqada keng rivojlani\u015fida \u00f6z hissasini q\u00f6\u015fdi. Ular hatto davlat idoralarida nufuzli lavozimlarda faoliyat yuritib, bu maktabning yorqin namoyondalari sifatida tanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manba va tadqiqotlarda Movarounnahrga hanafiy mazhabi (Buxoro y\u00f6nali\u015fi)ning kirib keli\u015fi va yoyili\u015fini quyidagi y\u00f6nali\u015fda keltirilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hanifa (vaf.150\/767 y.) \u2013 Muhammad ibn Hasan \u015eayboniy (vaf.189\/804-805 y.) \u2013 Abu Hafs Ahmad ibn Hafs Buxoriy (vaf. 217\/832 y.) \u2013uning \u00f6\u011fli Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Abu Hafs Buxoriy (vaf.274\/878 y.) \u2013 Abu Muhammad Abdulloh ibn Muhammad ibn Ya\u02bcqub Subazmuniy Buxoriy (340\/952 y.) \u2013 Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Fadl Buxoriy (370\/981 y.) \u2013 Abu Ali Husayn ibn Xidr Nasafiy (vaf.1032-33 y.) \u2013 \u015eamsu-l-aimma Abdulaziz ibn Ahmad Halvoniy (448\/1056-57 y.)[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quyida Buxoro fiqh maktabi namoyondalari silsilasidan ayrimlari xususida s\u00f6z yuritiladi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hafs Ahmad ibn Hafs Kabir Buxoriy<\/em> (150\/768-216-17\/832) dastlabki ilmlarni \u00f6z yurtida egallaydi, s\u00f6ngra Ba\u011fdodga borib, u yerda Abu Hanifa ashobining k\u00f6plarini u\u00e7ratgan, ulardan Muhammad ibn Hasanning bir ne\u00e7a yil ilmiy majlislarida b\u00f6lgan, uning \u201cMabsut\u201d kitobini k\u00f6\u00e7irgan. U Imom Muhammaddan keyin eng ku\u00e7li, eng i\u015fon\u00e7li, eng taqvodor faqih hisoblangan. Bunga dalil sifatida quyidagi rivoyatni keltiri\u015f mumkin: Abu Hafs bilan birga Imom Muhammaddan tahsil olgan\u00a0 Abu Sulaymon Juzjoniyning ta\u02bckidla\u015fi\u00e7a: \u201cUstozim Imom Muhammad ibn Hasan \u015eayboniydan: \u201cAgar siz vafot etsangiz ilmni kimdan olaylik?\u201d, deya s\u00f6radim. \u015eunda ustozim: \u201cHe\u00e7\u00a0 kim mendan ilmni Abu Hafs Buxoriy\u00e7alik ololmagan\u201d, dedilar.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulloh ibn Muhammad Subazmuniy (258\/872-340\/952) Abu Hafs haqida quyidagi rivoyatni keltiradi: \u201cAflah ibn Muhammad Abu Yusufning majlisida b\u00f6lgan, undan \u201cAmoliy\u201dni yozib olgan, Ahmad ibn Hafs esa Aflah bilan majlisda Abu Yusufning huzuriga bori\u015fdan oldin birga b\u00f6lgan. Ahmad ibn Hafs Abu Yusufni umri oxirlagan bir davrda u\u00e7ratdi. Keyin Imom Muhammadga borib, uning kitoblarini e\u015fitdi va uning huzurida fiqhni \u00f6rgandi\u201d. Demak, Abu Hafs Abu Hanifaning mumtoz \u015fogirdlari sanalgan Muhammad va oz muddat b\u00f6lsa-da, Abu Yusufning ham majlisida b\u00f6lgan. \u015eamsiddin Zahabiyning xabar beri\u015fi\u00e7a, Vaki\u02bc ibn Jarroh, Abu Usomalar ham uning ustozi b\u00f6lgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Movarounnahrda fiqhning rivojlani\u015fida Abu Yusufdan k\u00f6ra Imom Muhammadning qara\u015flari k\u00f6proq ta\u02bcsir k\u00f6rsatgan. Ilm olib \u00f6z yurtiga qaytgan Ahmad ibn Hafs \u015fu tariqa hanafiy mazhabi ta\u02bclimotini birin\u00e7ilardan b\u00f6lib Movarounnahrga olib kelgan \u015faxs sifatida tanildi va Buxoro \u015fahrini hanafiylikning muhim markazlaridan biriga aylantirdi. Abu Hafs Kabirning \u015fogirdlari hanafiylik fiqhining mintaqada keng rivojlani\u015fida \u00f6z hissasini q\u00f6\u015fdi. Ular hatto davlat idoralarida nufuzli lavozimlarda faoliyat yuritib, bu maktabning yorqin namoyondalari sifatida tanildi. \u015euning u\u00e7un Yoqutiy: \u201cBuxoro faqihlar akademiyasi va fozillar makonidir. Buxorodan k\u00f6ra ilm ahliga hurmati ku\u00e7liroq \u015fahar ahlini k\u00f6rmaganman\u201d, deya e\u02bctirof etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hafs Kabir nafaqat fiqh sohasida samarali ijod qilgan, balki u hadis va kalom ilmlarining ham yetuk bilimdoni sanaladi. Manbalarda Abu Hafs Kabir va uning avlodlari Buxorodan \u00e7iqqan ilk hanafiy muhaddislari qatorida zikr etilgan. U Asad ibn Amr, Abu Yahyo Himoniy, Yahyo ibn Zakariyo ibn Abu Zoida, Iso ibn Yunus, Muhammad ibn Robia, Abu Muoviya, Ibn Muborak, Abdulloh ibn Numayr, Amr ibn Muhammad, Ibn Munir Varroq, Hu\u015faym ibn Ba\u015fir, Salm ibn Solimlardan rivoyat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XI asrga\u00e7a faqihlar orasida ilohiyotga doir masalalar ham muhokama etilgan, jumladan, Buxoroda Abu Hafs Buxoriy, Samarqandda \u201cIyodiya\u201d va \u201cJuzjoniya\u201d kabi ilohiyot maktablari faoliyat yuritgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Abu Hafs\u00a0 Buxoroda ilmiy va diniy bilimlar rivojiga katta hissa q\u00f6\u015fgan madrasaga asos solgan. Bu \u00f6z zamonasida ma\u015fhur madrasalardan sanalib, hozirgi \u201cPoyi Kalon\u201d mavzesida joyla\u015fgan. Nar\u015faxiyning ma\u02bclumotiga k\u00f6ra, Abu Hafs Kabir bomdod namozidan keyin talabalarga dars bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olim k\u00f6plab \u015fogirdlarni tarbiyalab, kamolga yetkazdi: Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Hafs (Abu Hafs Sa\u011fir), Abu Ja\u02bcfar Rizvon ibn Salim Badokoriy, Abul Hasan Muqotil ibn Said Baydariy, Muhammad ibn Hotam Subizu\u011fukiy, Abu Zahhok Fazl ibn Hasson Sutikaniy, Horis ibn Abul Vafo Buxoriy, Dovud \u015ear\u011fiy, Abu Said Sulaymon ibn Dovud \u015ear\u011fiylar \u015fular jumlasidan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Solih Toyyib ibn Muqotil Xunomatiy, Abu Hasan ibn Tolib \u011ei\u015fatiylar undan rivoyat qilgan. Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiy \u201cAnsob\u201d nomli asarida keltiri\u015fi\u00e7a, Abu Hafsning \u015fogirdlari Xarojir degan qi\u015floqda k\u00f6p b\u00f6lgan. U tufayli Buxoro \u015fahri hanafiylikning muhim markazlaridan biriga aylandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoroda faoliyat olib borgan \u201cSadru-\u015f\u00ad\u015faria\u201dlar va ularning oila a\u02bczolari fiqh ilmini \u00f6z zamonalarining ma\u015fhur olimlaridan olgan. Fiqh ilmini \u00f6rgani\u015fda silsilalari Abu Abdulloh ibn Abu Hafs Kabirga yetib boradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hafs Kabirning \u015fuhrati Buxoroga, qolaversa, islom olamiga tarqaldi. Olimlar uning ilmu fazlini baholab, uni \u201cmuallimi islom\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cIslom dinining muallimi\u201d, uning \u015farofati bilan Buxoroni \u201cQubbatul islom\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cIslom dini gumbazi\u201d va u ki\u015fi ya\u015faydigan mahalla darvozasini \u201cHaqroh\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cHaq y\u00f6l\u201d deb ata\u015fgan. Hatto, arab diyori olimlari biror masalaning javobini topi\u015fda qiynalib qolsa, Buxoroga Abu Hafs Kabirning oldiga bir ki\u015fini yuborib, \u00f6\u015fa masalaning ye\u00e7imini bilib oli\u015far edi. Nar\u015faxiyning ayti\u015fi\u00e7a, hojilar karvoni kelayotganida, karvondan bir ki\u015fi Abu Hafsning yoniga kelib, undan masala s\u00f6raganda, Abu Hafs hayratlanib: \u201c\u00d6zing\u00adku Iroqdan kelyapsan, nima u\u00e7un Iroq olimlaridan s\u00f6ramading?\u201d, desa u: \u201cBu masalada Iroq olimlari bilan munozara qildim, lekin ular qoniqarli javob bera olmadi va menga Buxoroga borib, bu masalani Abu Hafsdan yoki uning farzandidan s\u00f6ragin, ular senga bu masalaning javobini aniq ayti\u015fadi deyi\u015fdi\u201d, deb javob beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrda Arab xalifaligi hududida turli xalqlar ya\u015far edi. \u00d6z-\u00f6zidan ma\u02bclumki, ularni bir xil qonun \u00f6l\u00e7ovda saqla\u015f ya\u02bcni hamma joyda yagona qonun joriy qili\u015f mumkin emas edi. Turli ijtimoiy guruhlarning vakillari \u00f6z manfaatlaridan kelib \u00e7iqqan holda hadislar t\u00f6qib\u00a0 olar edi. Ma\u02bclumki, islom huquqi nafaqat sof huquqiy me\u02bcyorlar majmuidan iborat, balki u diniy rasm-rusum, axloqiy mezonlarni ham qamrab oladi. Abu Hafs Kabir mana \u015funday talablarga rioya qilib, \u00f6zi ya\u015fagan jamiyat hayotidagi bar\u00e7a diniy va dunyoviy masalalarni davr talablariga javob beradigan, mahalliy \u015faroitni hisobga olgan holda umumiy \u015fariat normalarini i\u015flab \u00e7iqdi. Abu Hanifaning fiqh va \u015fariatga oid qonun\u015funoslik ta\u02bclimotlarini mahalliy urf odatlarga mosla\u015ftiri\u015f \u011foyalarini ilgari surdi. Abu Hafs Kabir amir b\u00f6ladimi, oddiy fuqaro b\u00f6ladimi, qanday muammo bilan kelsa, hal qilib berar edi. Oldi-sotdi yoki ibodat masalalarini ham juda aniqlik bilan ye\u00e7ardi. \u015eu bois odamlar olimni \u201cHojatbaror imom\u201d deb hurmat qilgan. Hozirgi kunga qadar Buxoro aholisi Abu Hafs Kabir ziyoratgohini \u201cImomi Hojatbaror\u201d ziyoratgohi deya ardoqlab keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqot jarayonida Abu Hafs Kabir Buxoriy qalamiga mansub \u201cKitobut taxrij\u201d, \u201cFavoid\u201d, \u201cFatovo\u201d hamda \u201cMasoil\u201d kabi asarlari borligi\u00a0 aniqlandi. \u015euningdek, u \u201cNavodirus solat\u201dni rivoyat qilgani manbalarda qayd etilgan[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Abu Hafs Kabir Buxoriy<\/em> (vaf. 265\/878 y.) Buxoro fiqh maktabi namoyandalaridan biri sanalib, dastlabki bilimlarini otasi Abu Hafs Kabirdan oldi. Uning hayoti va faoliyati t\u00f6\u011frisidagi ma\u02bclumotlar juda kam saqlangan. Abu Hafs Sa\u011fir fiqh, hadis, kalom ilmlarining bilimdoni b\u00f6lgan. Otasi Abu Hafs Kabir hanafiy mazhabi fiqhining Movarounnahrda tarqali\u015fida jonbozlik k\u00f6rsatgan b\u00f6lsa, Abdullohning ham bu borada xizmati buyuk b\u00f6lgan. \u015euning u\u00e7un ham uni Abu Hafs Sa\u011fir, ya\u02bcni ki\u00e7ik Abu Hafs deb ata\u015fgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tohiriylarning Buxorodagi hukmronligi tugaganidan s\u00f6ng qaroq\u00e7ilik va talon\u00e7ilik bilan \u015fu\u011fullangan va xonavayron b\u00f6lgan dehqonlardan ta\u015fkil topgan \u011foziylar guruhining harakati Buxoro atrofida yanada ku\u00e7ayib ketdi. \u015eaharning yuqori martabali amaldorlari faqih Abu Hafs Sa\u011fir bilan maslahatla\u015fib, Samarqand va Far\u011fona hokimi Nasr ibn Ahmaddan Buxoroni \u00f6z homiyligiga oli\u015fni iltimos qildi. Nasr ibn Ahmad\u00a0 ukasi Ismoil ibn Ahmad Somoniyni Buxoroga hokim etib yubordi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eunday qilib, Abu Hafs Sa\u011firning saltanat sohibi Ismoil Somoniy bilan aloqasi yax\u015fi b\u00f6lgani[3]<\/sup><\/a> tufayli k\u00f6plab hanafiylar davlat i\u015flariga \u00f6tgan[4]<\/sup><\/a>, oqibatda hanafiy qara\u015flar bilan Abu Hanifa orqali rivoyat qilingan hadislarning hamda hanafiy mazhabi keng k\u00f6lamda tarqali\u015figa imkon yaratildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6\u015fa davrda \u201cahli hadis\u201d bilan b\u00f6lgan munosabat Movarounnahr hanafiy olimlarining keyingi faoliyatiga muayyan darajada ta\u02bcsir qildi. Binobarin, \u015funi alohida ta\u02bckidla\u015f joizki, \u201cahli hadis\u201d bilan ke\u00e7gan keskin bahs-munozaralar natijasida isnodlar paydo b\u00f6ldi, imlo darslari olib borildi, matnni rivoyat qili\u015f odatiy tusga kirdi. Natijada, Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Abu Hafsning \u201cAl-Ahvo\u02bc va-l-ixtilof\u201d,\u00a0 (Mahmud ibn Sulaymon Kafaviy \u00f6zining \u201cKatoib a\u02bclom\u201d asarida uning \u201cKitab ar-radd \u02bcala ahl al-ahva\u201d nomli asari borligini ta\u02bckidlaydi), \u201cAr-raddu ala-l-lafziyya\u201d (\u201cYuzaki qarov\u00e7ilarga raddiya\u201d) kabi asarlari vujudga keldi. \u015euningdek, olimning\u00a0 \u201cKitobul imon\u201d hamda \u201cMuqaddima fi-l-furu\u02bc\u201d[5]<\/a> nomli asarlari ham borligi keyingi davr ulamolarining kitoblarida tilga olinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hafs Sa\u011fir ham otasi singari k\u00f6plab \u015fogirdlar yeti\u015ftirdi. Ular orasida mumtoz \u015fogirdlaridan biri b\u00f6lmi\u015f, teran aqli, yetuk salohiyati sababli Somoniylar saroyi faqihi sifatida tanilib, \u201cUstoz\u201d, deya e\u02bctirof etilgan Abdulloh Subazmuniy bor edi. Samarqandda \u201clabbodun\u201d (kigiz bosuv\u00e7ilar) k\u00f6\u00e7asida istiqomat qilgan Abu Usmon Said ibn Muhammad Buxoriy (vaf. 311\/924 y.) ham unga \u015fogird tu\u015fib, ustozidan k\u00f6plab hadis rivoyat qilgan[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Olim 274\/878 yilda Buxoro \u015fahrida vafot etib, otasining oldiga dafn etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulloh ibn Muhammad ibn Ya\u02bcqub Subazmuniy Buxoriy (258\/872-340\/952 yy.) <\/em>Buxorodan yarim farsax (1,5 km) uzoqlikdagi Subazmun qi\u015flo\u011fida tavallud topgan. Abdulloh Subazmuniy hanafiy faqihi, muhaddis, \u015fu bilan birga, til\u015funos ham b\u00f6lgan. U hadis va adabiyotdan dars bergan. Ismoil ibn Ahmad Somoniyning \u201cDoru-s-sulton\u201d saroyida faqih b\u00f6lgan va saroydagi turli masalalar b\u00f6yi\u00e7a hukm \u00e7iqargan. Bundan ta\u015fqari, saroy ahli bu zotdan k\u00f6p maslahatlar olar edi. Mazkur maslahatlarda bironta ham xato u\u00e7ramagani u\u00e7un \u201cUstoz\u201d deya uning bilimdonligini alohida e\u02bctirof etganlar. Faqih Makkadan tortib Iroq va Xuroson \u015faharlariga k\u00f6plab sayohat qilib, u yerdagi hadis roviylaridan hadislar e\u015fitgan va i\u015fon\u00e7li hadislarni \u00f6z asariga kiritgan. \u015eu bois unga \u201cJavvol\u201d (sayohat\u00e7i) laqabini ham\u00a0 berganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dastlabki ilmini otasi va amakisidan olgan. Otasi esa Abu Hafs Kabirning \u015fogirdi edi. \u015euningdek, Abu Kasir Sayf Zominiy Samarqandiy Abdulloh ibn Ubaydulloh Buxoriy, Abu Hafs Ahmad ibn Hotam Buxoriy, Abu Sodiq, Halaf Buxoriy, Abu Said Xalaf Nasafiy, Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ahmad Kalobodiy va bo\u015fqalar Subazmuniyga ustozlik qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulloh Subazmuniyning \u00f6zi ham k\u00f6plab \u015fogirdlarni tarbiyalab, voyaga yetkazgan. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Fadl Kamoriy, Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Muhammad Kalobodiy, Abul Qosim Ubaydulloh ibn Muhammad Qozi Buxoriy\u00a0 Kalobodiy, Abu Solih Xalaf ibn Muhammad Hayyom Buxoriy kabi k\u00f6plab olimlar Abdulloh Subazmuniy \u015fogirdlaridan sanaladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Subazmuniyning hanafiylik mazhabini turli ayb va ta\u02bcnalardan himoya qili\u015f maqsadida \u201cKa\u015ffu-l-osor fi manoqibi Abu Hanifa\u201d (\u201cAbu Hanifa manoqiblari b\u00f6yi\u00e7a yodgorliklarni ka\u015ff qili\u015f\u201d) asarini yozgan.\u00a0 Asar Movarounnahrdagi manoqib janrida yozilgan ilk asarlardan biri sanaladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olim asarda 28 ta movarounnahrlik hanafiy olim haqida ma\u02bclumot beradi[7]<\/sup><\/a>. Unda Abu Hanifa haqidagi fikrlar xolislik bilan yoritilgani, bo\u015fqa manoqiblar kabi haddan o\u015firib b\u00f6rttirib k\u00f6rsatilmagani bois asar keyingi olimlar tomonidan tanqidga u\u00e7ramagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

U ilk bora hanafiy mazhabida hujjat sifatida i\u015flatiladigan hadislar bilan u\u015fbu y\u00f6nali\u015f olimlari tomonidan aytilgan fatvolarini jamladi. Abdulloh Subazmuniy \u00f6zi t\u00f6liq egallagan hanafiy fiqhini tarqati\u015f va mintaqadagi bo\u015fqa mazhab tarafdorlari kabi \u00f6z mazhabini himoya qili\u015f u\u00e7un \u00f6zining fiqhiy qara\u015flari va ta\u02bclimotini mahalliy aholiga singdiri\u015f y\u00f6lida bor ku\u00e7-\u011fayratini ayamadi. Bu i\u015flarni amalga o\u015fi\u015fida uning saroyda faoliyat olib borgani hamda Somoniylarga mudarrislik qilgani, \u00e7iqargan t\u00f6\u011fri fatvolari kabi omillar ijobiy rol \u00f6ynagani \u015fubhasidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hanafiylarning yana bir ma\u015fhur vakili Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Fadl Buxoriy<\/em> (vaf. 370\/981 y.) muhtasib vazifasiga tayin qilingan edi. Umuman olganda, bu paytga kelib \u015farqda faqihlar bo\u015fqaruv\u00e7i ku\u00e7ga aylanib hatto, maliklar darajasiga\u00e7a k\u00f6tarildi[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoro aholisi farzandlarini kitob \u00f6qi\u015fga qiziqtirgan va turli xil asarlar va ular \u015farhlarini yodla\u015fga undagan. Jumladan, Imom Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Fazl Kamoriy Buxoriyning otasi ham ikki \u00f6\u011fliga Abu Bakr Saraxsiyning \u201cMabsut\u201d kitobini yodla\u015fga undagan va mukofot tariqasida har biriga ming dinordan beri\u015fni va\u02bcda qilgan[9]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Fadl k\u00f6plab \u015fogirdlarni tarbiyalagan. Jumladan, Abu Ja\u02bcfar Muhammad ibn Amr \u015ea\u02bcbiy Ustru\u015faniy (vaf. 404\/1013-y.), buxorolik\u00a0\u00a0 ma\u015fhur\u00a0\u00a0 s\u00f6fiy\u00a0\u00a0 olim, \u201cKitobut ta\u02bcarruf li-mazhab ahli-t-tasavvuf\u201d (\u201cTasavvuf ki\u015filari y\u00f6lini tani\u015f b\u00f6yi\u00e7a kitob\u201d) muallifi Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ishoq Buxoriy Kalobodiy (vaf. 380\/990 y.) uning ma\u015fhur \u015fogirdlaridan sanaladi. Olim nafaqat fiqh sohasi, balki, ilohiyot, tasavvuf va islom axloq-odobi masalalari b\u00f6yi\u00e7a ham \u00e7uqur bilimga ega b\u00f6lgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olib borilgan tadqiqotlar \u015funi k\u00f6rsatadiki, IX-X asrlarda Buxoro fiqh maktabi Movarounnahrda hanafiy mazhabining \u015fakllani\u015fi va rivojlani\u015fida hal qiluv\u00e7i \u00f6rin tutgan. U\u015fbu maktab nafaqat Iroqdan kirib kelgan fiqhiy an\u02bcanalarni qabul qilgan, balki ularni mahalliy ijtimoiy muhit, urf-odat va siyosiy \u015faroitlar asosida qayta i\u015flab, yangi bosqi\u00e7ga olib \u00e7iqqan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hafs Kabir va uning \u015fogirdlari faoliyati natijasida Buxoro hanafiylikning yirik ilmiy markaziga aylanib, bu yerda fiqh, hadis va kalom ilmlari \u00f6zaro uy\u011fun holda rivojlangan. Ayniqsa, faqihlarning davlat bo\u015fqaruvi tizimida faol i\u015ftirok etgani hanafiy mazhabining jamiyat hayotiga \u00e7uqur singib keti\u015figa xizmat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015euningdek, Buxoro fiqh maktabi doirasida \u015fakllangan ilmiy an\u02bcanalar keyingi asrlarda ham \u00f6z ta\u02bcsirini saqlab qolib, Movarounnahrda islom huquqi va ma\u02bcnaviy hayotning rivojiga mustahkam zamin yaratgan. Demak, u\u015fbu maktab nafaqat mintaqaviy, balki islom sivilizatsiyasi doirasida muhim ilmiy markaz sifatida alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>1] Kafaviy. Katoib a\u02bclom. \u00d6zR FA \u015eI q\u00f6lyozma. \u211691. \u2212 V. 83b<\/sup>,\u00a0 94b<\/sup>-95a<\/sup>; Ibn Abul Vafo. Javohiru-l-mudia. \u2013 B. 308; Bekmirzayev I.I. Burhoniddin Mahmud al-Buxoriy va Movarounnahr qoziligi. Monografiya. \u2013 T.: Ta\u02bclim na\u015friyoti, 2011. \u2013 B. 20; M\u00f6minov A. Dissertatsiya. \u2013 B. 149.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> Asrorova L. Abu Hafs Kabir Buxoriy va hanafiy fiqhi. \u2013 T.: TIU, 2014. \u2013 B. 241.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a> Nar\u015faxiy. Buxoro tarixi. \u2013 T.: Kamalak, 1991. \u2013 B. 148-149.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a> \u041c\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u041a. \u0420\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041c\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0440\u0430 (II-VII\/VIII-XIII \u0432). \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0441. \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442. \u0438\u0441\u0442. \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a. \u2013\u00a0 \u0422.: \u0422\u0418\u0423, 2003. \u2013 \u0421. 173.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a> Kahhola. Mu\u02bcjamul muallifin. J. VIII.\u00a0 \u2013 B. 255; Kafaviy. Katoib a\u02bclom. \u00d6zR FA \u015eI. Q\u00f6lyozma. \u2116 91. \u2013 V. 95a<\/sup>.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a> Abu Hafs Umar ibn Muhammad Nasafiy. Al-Qand fi zikri ulamo Samarqand. Yusuf Hodi tahriri ostida. \u2013 Tehron: Oyinai meros, 1420\/1999. \u2013 B. 27.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a> Qarang: Muratov D. Abdulloh as-Subazmuniyning \u201cKa\u015ff al-osor\u201d asari hadis ilmiga oid manba: Tar. fan. nomz. dis. … \u2013 T.: TIU, 2008. \u2013 B. 30. (Bundan keyin: Muratov D. Dissertatsiya).<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a> Muqaddasiy. Kitob ahsanu-t-taqosim fi ma\u02bcrifati-l-aqolim. Descriptio Imperii Moslemici autore Al-Moqaddasi \/\/ Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum. T. III. \u2013 M.J. de Goeje. \u2013 Leiden: Brill, 1906. \u2013 P. 260.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a> Ibn Abul Vafo. Javohirul mudia. J. III. \u2013 B. 300.<\/span><\/div>\n
Azizx\u00f6ja INOYATOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
Bahouddin Naq\u015fband ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi direktori,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
islom\u015funoslik fanlari b\u00f6yi\u00e7a falsafa doktori (PhD)<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
Lobar ASROROVA, <\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
Bahouddin Naq\u015fband ilmiy-tadqiqot<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
markazi bo\u015f ilmiy xodimi,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
tarix fanlari b\u00f6yi\u00e7a falsafa doktori (PhD), dos.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00abMOVAROUNNAHR VA ISLOM SIVILIZATSIYASINING \u015eAKLLANI\u015eI\u00bb MAVZUSIDA \u00d6TKAZILGAN XALQARO KONFERENSIYA T\u00d6PLAMIDAN OLINDI.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IX-X asrlarda Movarounnahrda islom ilmlari, xususan, fiqh ilmi jadal rivojlanib, mahalliy ilmiy maktablar \u015fakllandi. Bu jarayonda Buxoro muhim ilmiy markazlardan biriga aylanib, hanafiy mazhabining keng tarqali\u015fi va mustahkamlani\u015fida alohida \u00f6rin tutdi. Biroq, Buxoro fiqh maktabining mazkur jarayondagi \u00f6rni k\u00f6p hollarda faqat ta\u015fqi ta\u02bcsirlar doirasida baholanib, uning mustaqil ilmiy maktab sifatidagi xususiyatlari yetarli\u00e7a yoritilmagan. \u015eu bois …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53742,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53741"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53741"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53748,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53741\/revisions\/53748"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/53742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}