{"id":52958,"date":"2026-09-30T10:05:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T05:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=52958"},"modified":"2026-09-29T18:07:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T13:07:00","slug":"qazo-va-qadar-haqida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=52958&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"Qazo va qadar haqida"},"content":{"rendered":"

(\u201cAl-E\u2019timod fil e\u2019tiqod\u201d asari asosida)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Qazo va qadar \u2013 Allohning azaliy sifatlari bo\u2018lib, ularning mohiyati bandasiga ma\u2019lum emas. Alloh barcha narsalarning qazo va qadarini belgilab qo\u2018ygan. Dunyo va oxiratdagi har bir narsa faqat uning xohishi, ilmi, qazosi, qadari, Lavhul mahfuzga yozib qo\u2018yilishiga ko\u2018ra bo\u2018ladi. Lekin yozib qo\u2018yishi tavsif yo\u2018li bilandir, hukm yo\u2018li bilan emas, ya\u2019ni majburiy emas. Qazo va qadar Alloh taoloning oldindan bilib, bilganiga ko\u2018ra Lavhul mahfuzda bitib qo\u2018yishidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qazodan turli ma\u2019nolar iroda qilinadi. Quroni karim oyatlarida ko\u2018p o\u2018rinlarda qazo kalimasi turli ma\u2019nolarda qo\u2018llangan. Masalan, Alloh taolo: \ufd3f<\/span>\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f<\/span>\ufd3e<\/span><\/strong> \u201cRobbing faqat Uning O\u2018zigagina ibodat qilishingni amr etdi\u201d[1]<\/a>, <\/strong>deb marhamat qiladi. Bu o\u2018rinda \u201cqazo\u201d so\u2018zi \u201camr qilish\u201d ma\u2019nosida kelgan. Ba\u2019zida qazodan \u201chukm\u201d iroda qilinadi. Alloh taolo: \ufd3f<\/span>\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0636\u064d<\/span>\ufd3e<\/span><\/strong> \u201cBas, nima hukm qilsang, qilaver\u201d[2]<\/a>, <\/strong>deydi. Ba\u2019zan esa \u201cmukammal barpo qilish\u201d ma\u2019nosida keladi. Bunga Alloh taoloning \ufd3f<\/span>\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0639\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d<\/span>\ufd3e<\/span><\/strong> \u201cBas, yetti osmonni barpo qildi\u201d[3]<\/a>, <\/strong>degan so\u2018zi misol bo\u2018ladi. Ya\u2019ni bekamu-ko\u2018st, mukammallik bilan yaratdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qadarga kelsak, u \u2013 har bir narsani qanday bo\u2018lishi lozim bo\u2018lsa, shunday qilib belgilashdir: u yaxshilik yoki yomonlik, go\u2018zallik yoki xunuklik, hikmat yoki bema\u2019nilik bo\u2018lishidan qat\u2019i nazar. Shuningdek, har bir narsaning qaysi zamon va makonda voqe bo\u2018lishini, unga qanday savob yoki jazo bo\u2018lishini bayon qilish ham qadarga kiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qadar deganda Alloh taoloning har bir narsani o\u2018z o\u2018rni, vaqti, makoni va holatiga mos ravishda belgilab qo\u2018yishi nazarda tutiladi. Ya\u2019ni, dunyoda sodir bo\u2018ladigan har bir narsa \u2013 yaxshilik yoki yomonlik, go\u2018zallik yoki xunuklik, hikmatli ish yoki inson nazarida bema\u2019nidek ko\u2018ringan ish \u2013 Allohning ilmi va belgilashi doirasidadir. Shuningdek, narsaning qachon, qayerda va qanday tarzda sodir bo\u2018lishi ham qadarga taalluqli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bandalarning barcha fe\u2019l (ish-harakat)larini Alloh taolo yaratadi. Demak, ularning gunohu ma\u2019siyatlari ham Allohning qazo va qadari, ya\u2019ni yaratishi bilan bo\u2018ladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuning uchun ulamolarimiz: \u201cKufrni yaratish nodonlik emas\u201d, deydi. Alloh taolo: \ufd3f<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064d<\/span>\ufd3e<\/span><\/strong> \u201cAlbatta, Biz har bir narsani o\u2018lchov bilan yaratdik\u201d[4]<\/a>, <\/strong>degan. Demak, bularning barchasi Allohdan ekani sobit bo\u2018lgach, bizning barcha fe\u2019llarimiz ham Alloh taoloning qazosi va qadari bilan bo\u2018lishi sobit bo\u2018ladi. Banda esa o\u2018z fe\u2019lida, garchi bu Allohning qazosi va qadari bilan bo\u2018lsa ham, ixtiyorli bo\u2018ladi, majburlangan emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u2018tazilalar: \u201cMa\u2019siyatlar Allohning qazosi va qadari emas. Chunki Alloh taolo qazosiga rozilikni vojib qilgan. Agar kufr ham U Zotning qazosi bilan bo\u2018lganda, albatta, kufrga rozi bo\u2018lish bizga vojib bo\u2018lardi\u201d, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahli sunna olimlari esa bunga quyidagicha javob beradi: \u201cKufr bizning nazdimizda Alloh taoloning qazosi emas, maqziysidir[5]<\/a>. Ya\u2019ni, kufr \u2013 Alloh tomonidan qazo qilingan (ya\u2019ni taqdir etilgan) narsadir, lekin uning o\u2018zi Allohning qazosi (amri, hukmi) emas. Biz Allohning qazosiga va kufrni botil qilganiga rozi bo\u2018lamiz. Ammo maqziy, ya\u2019ni kufr insonga sifat bo\u2018lishiga rozi bo\u2018lmaymiz. Shuni bilish kerakki, haqiqiy majburlanish kasalliklar va musibatlarda bo\u2018ladi. Chunki inson boshiga qazo qilingan kasallik va musibatlarni yoqtirmaydi. Ammo kufrga duchor bo\u2018lgan kishi undan batamom rozi bo\u2018ladi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yanada kengroq bayon qiladigan bo\u2018lsak, kasallik va musibat insonga majburan keladi. Inson ularni xohlamaydi. Ammo kufrda inson uni o\u2018z ixtiyori bilan qabul qiladi va undan rozi bo\u2018ladi. Kufr \u2013 insonning ixtiyoriy fe\u2019li bo\u2018lib, u kufrni tanlagani uchun mas\u2019ul bo\u2018ladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masalan, Alloh taolo bir insonning kufrni o\u2018z ixtiyori bilan tanlashini azaldan bilgan va uning voqe bo\u2018lishini taqdir qilgan. Shunda kufr Allohning maqziysi bo\u2018ladi. Lekin bu \u201cAlloh kufrga buyurdi\u201d yoki \u201cAlloh kufrdan rozi\u201d degani emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u2018min banda Alloh taoloning qazo va taqdiriga e\u2019tiroz qilmaydi. Biz Alloh taolo bir narsaning voqe bo\u2018lishini taqdir qilgan bo\u2018lsa, uning Alloh tomonidan taqdir qilinganiga rozi bo\u2018lamiz. Ammo bu yerda juda muhim farq bor. Qazoning Allohdan ekanligiga rozi bo\u2018lish \u2013 qazo qilingan har bir narsaning o\u2018zidan rozi bo\u2018lish degani emas. Masalan, zulm ham Allohning ilmi va taqdiridan tashqarida sodir bo\u2018lmaydi. Lekin Alloh zulmni buyurmagan va undan rozi ham emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloh taolo kufrni botil deb hukm qilgan. Qur\u2019onda ham kufr, shirk va zulm kabi narsalar maqtalgan emas, aksincha rad etilgan. Shuning uchun: \u201cKufr Allohning qazosi bilan sodir bo\u2018lgan\u201d degan gap \u201cAlloh kufrni ma\u2019qullagan\u201d degani emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biz qazo qilingan narsa, ya\u2019ni kufr bizning sifatimiz bo\u2018lishiga rozi bo\u2018lmaymiz. Ya\u2019ni inson: \u201cAlloh mening kofir bo\u2018lishimni taqdir qilgan ekan, demak, men kufrga rozi bo\u2018lishim kerak\u201d, deb ayta olmaydi. Allohning taqdiri bir masala, bandaning kufrni tanlashi va unga munosabati boshqa masala. Shuning uchun mo\u2018min: \u201cAllohning taqdiriga roziman, lekin kufrga rozi emasman\u201d, deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida aytilganidek, haqiqiy jabr kasallik va musibatlarda bo\u2018ladi. Nima uchun? Chunki inson kasal bo\u2018lishni o\u2018zi tanlamaydi. Masalan, insonga isitma kelishi, og\u2018rib qolishi, musibatga uchrashi, tabiiy ofatdan zarar ko\u2018rishi insonning ixtiyoriga bog\u2018liq emas. Shuning uchun bu yerda haqiqiy ma\u2019noda majburlik bor. Chunki boshiga shunday narsa qazo qilingan kishi undan rozi bo\u2018lmaydi. Masalan, odam kasal bo\u2018lsa: \u201cMen kasal bo\u2018lishni xohlayman\u201d, deb kasallikni tanlamagan. U shifo topishga harakat qiladi. Demak, kasallik insonga majburan kelgan. Bu holatda mo\u2018min inson unga sabr qilib, Allohdan savob umidida bo\u2018ladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ammo kufrga kelsak, unga qazo qilingan kishining o\u2018zi undan juda qattiq rozi bo\u2018ladi. Ya\u2019ni, inson uni qabul qiladi, so\u2018ng unga e\u2019tiqod qiladi va uni ma\u2019qul deb biladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, inson majburmi yoki ixtiyorlimi? Insonda ixtiyor va kasb bor. Masalan, inson oldida ikki yo\u2018l bor: imon yoki kufr. U qaysi yo\u2018lni tanlashni o\u2018z ixtiyori bilan qiladi. Lekin uning ixtiyori, qudrati va fe\u2019lining voqe bo\u2018lishi ham Allohning yaratishi va taqdiri doirasida. Shuning uchun ikki haqiqat bir vaqtda to\u2018g\u2018ri bo\u2018ladi: \u201cAlloh taqdir qildi\u201d va \u201cBanda o\u2018z ixtiyori bilan qildi\u201d. Bu ikkalasi bir-biriga zid emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana ham soddaroq misol keltiradigan bo\u2018lsak, masalan, bir kishi qo\u2018li bilan birovni urdi. Bu ish \u2013 Allohning ilmida bor, Allohning qudratidan tashqarida emas va Alloh uning voqe bo\u2018lishini taqdir qilgan. Lekin kishi: \u201cMeni Alloh majbur qildi, shuning uchun men aybdor emasman\u201d, deb bahona qila olmaydi. Chunki u qo\u2018lini o\u2018z ixtiyori bilan ko\u2018tardi. Agar qo\u2018li kasallik sababli beixtiyor harakatlanib, birovga tegib ketsa, bu boshqa masala. Bu yerda qasd va ixtiyor yo\u2018q. Shu farq jabr va kasb masalasining mohiyatini tushunishga yordam beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u2018tazilalarning yomon ishlar Allohning qazo va qadari emas, degan qarashlari mashhur hadisga ziddir. Mashhur xabarda Payg\u2018ambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cQadarning yaxshi-yu, yomoni Alloh taolodandir\u201d,<\/em><\/strong> deganlar. Bu hadis biz uchun dalildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir dalil quyidagi hadis: \u201cSa\u2019d ibn Abu Vaqqos roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cKimda to\u2018rt narsa bo\u2018lsa, u mo\u2018mindir, kim ulardan uchtasini keltirib<\/em><\/strong>, bittasini berkitsa, u kofirdir: Allohdan o\u2018zga iloh yo\u2018qligiga, meni Allohning rasuli ekanimga, o\u2018lgandan keyin qayta tirilishiga guvohlik berish va qadarning yaxshi-yu, yomoniga<\/u> imon keltirish. <\/em><\/strong>Kim ulardan uchtasini keltirib<\/em><\/strong>, bittasini berkitsa, u kofirdir<\/em><\/strong>\u201d,<\/em><\/strong> dedilar\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilganda, qazoyu qadar masalasi o\u2018ta nozik masalalardan sanaladi. Basharning aqli ilohiy hikmatlar mohiyatini qamrab olishdan nuqsonli va ko\u2018zlar rabboniy sirlarni idrok etishdan yiroqdadir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Abu Abdulloh ibn Abu Hafs Kabir \u201cAr-Raddu ala ahlil ahvo\u201d asarida keltiradi: \u201cBir kishi Ali ibn Abu Tolibga: \u201cMenga taqdir haqida xabar ber\u201d, dedi. Ali: \u201cTaqdir chuqur dengizdir, unga sho\u2018ng\u2018ima\u201d, dedi. U yana: \u201cMenga taqdir haqida xabar ber\u201d, dedi. Ali: \u201cTaqdir qorong\u2018u yo\u2018ldir, unga qadam bosma\u201d, dedi. U yana: \u201cMenga taqdir haqida xabar ber\u201d, dedi. Ali: \u201cTaqdir Allohning siridir, uni bilishga urinma\u201d, dedi\u201d. Ba\u2019zi rivoyatlarda \u201cuni taftish qilma\u201d deyilgan. Ali ibn Abu Tolib roziyallohu anhuning qazo va qadar masalasida haqni qanday ochiqlab berganiga e\u2019tibor beradigan bo\u2018lsak, u kishi: \u201cTaqdir Allohning siridir. Uni bilishga urinma\u201d, deb chuqur ketishdan qaytardi. Eng asosiy narsa \u2013 bizga qazo-yu qadrning yaxshi-yu, yomoniga imon keltirish buyurilgandir.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Isro surasi, 23-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> Toha surasi, 72-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a> Fussilat surasi, 12-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a> Qamar surasi, 49-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a> Qazo \u2013 Alloh taoloning hukmi va taqdiri. Maqziy \u2013 Allohning qazosi o\u2018laroq bandada voqe bo\u2018lgan narsa, ya\u2019ni qazo qilingan narsa, qazo hukmi ostida voqe bo\u2018lgan narsa.<\/span><\/div>\n
Ravshan ELMURODOV,<\/strong><\/span>
\nImom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/strong>
\nilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
Manba: muslim.uz<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(\u201cAl-E\u2019timod fil e\u2019tiqod\u201d asari asosida) Qazo va qadar \u2013 Allohning azaliy sifatlari bo\u2018lib, ularning mohiyati bandasiga ma\u2019lum emas. Alloh barcha narsalarning qazo va qadarini belgilab qo\u2018ygan. Dunyo va oxiratdagi har bir narsa faqat uning xohishi, ilmi, qazosi, qadari, Lavhul mahfuzga yozib qo\u2018yilishiga ko\u2018ra bo\u2018ladi. Lekin yozib qo\u2018yishi tavsif yo\u2018li bilandir, hukm yo\u2018li bilan emas, ya\u2019ni …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":52956,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52958"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=52958"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52959,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52958\/revisions\/52959"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/52956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=52958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=52958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=52958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}