{"id":50778,"date":"2026-07-08T09:26:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T04:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=50778"},"modified":"2026-07-08T09:31:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T04:31:33","slug":"imom-moturidiyning-namozda-basmalani-aytish-haqidagi-fiqhiy-qarashlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=50778&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"IMOM MOTURIDIYNING NAMOZDA \u201cBASMALA\u201dNI AYTISH HAQIDAGI FIQHIY QARASHLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alloh taolo bandasiga ato etgan ne\u02bcmatlarning eng ulug\u02bbi \u2013 bu uning dunyosi va dini uchun foydasi tegadigan ilmlarni o\u02bbrganishga muvaffaq qilib qo\u02bbyishidir. Fiqh ilmi ana shunday ulug\u02bb ne\u02bcmatlardan biri ekani shubhasiz. Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalom davrlaridan bugungi kunga qadar unga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratgan ulamolar bo\u02bblgan. Abu Hanifa, Shofeiy, Molik, Ahmad rahimahulloh kabi mujtahid imomlar ana shunday ulamolardan sanaladi. Ular vafot etib ketganidan so\u02bbng shogirdlari va tobelari ularning fiqhiy qarashlarini ommaga yetkazish ustida ish olib bordi, ustozlaridan ta\u02bclim olgan fiqhiy bilimlarni o\u02bbz shogirdlariga ham o\u02bbrgatdi. Ahli sunna val jamoaning ikki qutbidan biri hisoblangan Imom Moturidiy ana shunday ilm egalaridan biridir. U Imom Abu Hanifaning qo\u02bblida ta\u02bclim olgan ustozlar silsilasining uchinchi tabaqasiga mansub bo\u02bblib, hanafiylik mazhabi doirasidagi mujtahid sanaladi. U ham o\u02bbziga xos fiqhiy qarashlar egasi bo\u02bblgan. Bu qarashlar uning shoh asari bo\u02bblmish \u201cTa\u02bcvilot al-Qur\u02bcon\u201dda ko\u02bbproq o\u02bbz aksini topgan. Ushbu maqolada Imom Moturidiyning bahsli masalalardan biri \u2013 namozda \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytish haqidagi fiqhiy qarashlari xususida so\u02bbz yuritiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mavzu bo\u02bbyicha ko\u02bbplab adabiyotlarda ma\u02bclumotlar berilgan. Imom Moturidiyning \u201cTa\u02bcvilot al-Qur\u02bcon\u201d, Imom Muhammadning \u201cAl-Osor\u201d, Imom Shofeiyning \u201cAl-Umm\u201d, Imom Navaviyning \u201cAl-Majmu\u02bc sharhul muhazzab\u201d va boshqa asarlar shular jumlasidandir. Imom Moturidiyning \u201cTa\u02bcvilot al-Qur\u02bcon\u201d asarida hanafiylarga xos fiqhiy qarashlar himoya qilingan bo\u02bblsa, Imom Muhammadning \u201cAl-Osor\u201d kitobida Abu Hanifa rahimahullohdan naql qilingan xabarlar keltirilgan. Imom Shofeiyning \u201cAl-Umm\u201d, Imom Navaviyning \u201cAl-Majmu\u02bc sharhul muhazzab\u201d va Qurtubiyning \u201cAl-Jomeu li ahkomil Qur\u02bcon\u201d asarlarida ham shunga o\u02bbxshash holatni kuzatish mumkin. Xususan, \u201cAl-Umm\u201d va \u201cAl-Majmu\u02bc sharhul muhazzab\u201d asarlarida \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotiha\u201d surasining bir oyatidir degan fikrni ilgari surgan shofeiylar dalillari bayon qilingan bo\u02bblsa, \u201cAl-Jomeu li ahkomil Qur\u02bcon\u201d va \u201cAl-Mudavvanatul kubro\u201d kitobida hanafiy va shofeiylardan farqli qarash egalari bo\u02bblgan molikiylar fikrlari keltirilgan. Yuqorida nomlari keltirilgan asarlarda mavzuning turli jihatlari yoritilgan bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa-da, Imom Moturidiyning namozda \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytish haqidagi fiqhiy qarashlari alohida tadqiq qilinmagan. Shu sababdan ushbu mavzuni tadqiq etish bugungi kundagi dolzarb ilmiy masalalardan biri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maqolani tayyorlashda umumlashtirish, taqqoslash, qiyosiy tahlil kabi tadqiqot usullaridan foydalanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Moturidiyning fiqhiy qarashlari deganda ulamolar o\u02bbrtasida bahsli bo\u02bblib turgan masalalar borasidagi to\u02bbg\u02bbri hukmni o\u02bbzining ijtihodini ishga solish orqali bilib olgan shar\u02bciy hukmlar nazarda tutiladi. Demak, Imom Moturidiyning fiqhiy qarashlari \u2013 bu uning ijtihodi, so\u02bbzlari va qarashlari xulosasidir. Ular xoh hanafiylik mazhabiga muvofiq kelsin, xoh kelmasin \u2013 baribir. Uning namozda \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytishning hukmi va boshqa jihatlari haqidagi qarashlari ana shulardan biridir. Imom Moturidiy \u201cTa\u02bcvilot al-Qur\u02bcon\u201d asarida \u201cBasmala\u201dni \u201cTasmiya\u201d deb ham atagan va quyidagilarni yozgan: \u00ab\u201cTasmiya\u201d \u2013 Qur\u02bcondan bir oyat bo\u02bblib, \u201cFotihatul Kitob\u201d (surasining tarkibi)dan emasdir. Uni alohida bir oyat deb belgilashning dalili Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan rivoyat qilingan ushbu\u00a0 hadisdir: \u201cU zot alayhissalom Ubay ibn Ka\u02bcbga: \u201cSenga o\u02bbzimdan avval Sulaymon ibn Dovuddan boshqa biror kimsaga nozil bo\u02bblmagan bir oyatni o\u02bbrgataman\u201d, dedilar. So\u02bbng masjiddan chiqayotib, oyoqlaridan birini eshikdan chiqardilar va unga: \u201cSen Qur\u02bconni qaysi oyat bilan boshlaysan?\u201d dedilar. Ubay: \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d bilan\u201d, deb javob berdi. Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cU o\u02bbsha \u2013 men senga o\u02bbrgatmoqchi bo\u02bblgan oyatdir\u201d, dedilar\u00bb[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, mazkur hadisda \u201cBasmala\u201dning Qur\u02bcondan bir oyat ekaniga, agar u suralardan bir oyat bo\u02bbladigan bo\u02bblsa, Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam Ubayga \u201cSenga bir oyatni o\u02bbrgataman\u201d deb emas, balki \u201cSenga yuztadan ziyod oyatni o\u02bbrgataman\u201d degan bo\u02bblishlari lozimligiga dalolat bordir. Shuningdek, \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotiha\u201d surasining tarkibida bo\u02bblganida ham Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam uni Qur\u02bconning kaliti deb emas, suralardan bir oyat deb aytgan bo\u02bblar edilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

So\u02bbngra shu narsa aniqki, suralarni (tafsir qilishni) boshlash asnosida \u201cBasmala\u201dni tafsir qilmay o\u02bbtib ketgan ulamolar nazdida uning \u201cFotiha\u201d surasidan emasligi aniq bo\u02bblgan. Shuningdek, bu ummatning \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytmasligi (ham uning \u201cFotiha\u201d surasidan emasligiga dalildir). Shu narsa ma\u02bclumki, Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam o\u02bbzlari bilan birga yurgan sahobalarga \u201cBasmala\u201dni maxfiy qilib, o\u02bbzlari yolg\u02bbiz qolgan vaqtda jahriy aytgan bo\u02bblishlari, sahobalar esa g\u02bbaflatga borib o\u02bbzlariga hech bir manfaat yetmasa-da, u zot sollallohu alayhi vasallamning (\u201cBasmala\u201d borasidagi) sunnatlarini zoye qilishlari mumkin emas. \u201cHatto bu ummat Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning \u201cBasmala\u201d borasidagi sunnatlari\u00a0 (odamlarga ta\u02bclim berish uchun) uni avval jahriy aytib, keyinchalik maxfiy qilgan bo\u02bblishlari ehtimoli bor bo\u02bblgan bir o\u02bbrinda uni tark qilib kelgan. Binobarin, musulmonlarning bu ishlarida ham \u201cBasmala\u201d suralarning bir oyati emasligiga yorqin dalil bordir\u201d [2:5-6].<\/span><\/p>\n

Samarqandiy Imom Moturidiyning bu fikrlariga quyidagilarni qo\u02bbshimcha qilgan: \u201cUlar \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytishning sunnat ekanini bilib, so\u02bbng shu sunnatni zoye qilishlari mumkin emas. Chunki bunday ma\u02bcnoga yo\u02bbyishda ularni zalolatga ketganlikda ayblash bor va bu botil gapdir. Bu ummatning \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytmaganligi uni jahriy aytish sunnat emasligiga dalil bo\u02bbladi. Ularning \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytmaganligidan tashqari \u201cFotiha\u201d va zam sura jahriy o\u02bbqiladigan namozlarda uni jahriy aytmaslikka ijmo qilishlari \u201cBasmala\u201dning \u201cFotiha\u201d surasidan emasligiga ham, har bir suraning birinchi oyati emasligiga ham yorqin dalil bo\u02bbladi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Abu Hanifaning eng yaqin shogirdlaridan biri Imom Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniy (vaf.189\/805) \u201cAl-Osor\u201d kitobining \u00ab\u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni jahriy aytish haqidagi bob\u00bbida quyidagilarni naql qilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAbu Hanifa bizga Abu Sufyondan, u Abdulloh ibn Yaziddan, u otasidan rivoyat qilib, bunday deganini aytib berdi: \u201cOtam bir imomning ortida namoz o\u02bbqigan edi, imom \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni jahriy qildi. Namozni o\u02bbqib bo\u02bblgach, otam unga: \u201cEy Abdulloh, meni mana bu kalimalaringdan behojat qil. Chunki men Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning, Abu Bakr, Umar va Usmonning ortida turib, ularga iqtido qilib namoz o\u02bbqidim. Ularning hech birlaridan buni eshitmadim\u201d, dedi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hanifa bizga Hammoddan, u Ibrohimdan naql qilib, bunday deganini aytib berdi: \u201cIbn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhu \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni jahriy qiladigan kishi haqida: \u201cU a\u02bcrobiydir\u201d, dedi. Ibn Mas\u02bcud ham, uning shogirdlaridan birortasi ham uni jahriy qilmas edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hanifa bizga Hammoddan, u Ibrohimdan naql qilib, bunday deganini aytib berdi: \u00abTo\u02bbrt narsa borki, imom ularni maxfiy qiladi: \u201cSubhonakallohumma va bihamdika\u201d, shaytondan \u201ctaavvuz\u201d, \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d va \u201comin\u201d\u00bb [3:161-162]. Imom Muhammad ushbu rivoyatni keltirganidan so\u02bbng: \u201cBiz shunga amal qilamiz, u Abu Hanifa roziyallohu anhuning so\u02bbzidir\u201d, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Namozda \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytishning hukmi borasida ulamolar turli qarashlarni ilgari surgan. Ba\u02bczilar uni vojib degan bo\u02bblsa, ba\u02bczilari o\u02bbqimasa ham bo\u02bbladi, degan. Uni mustahabga chiqargan ulamolar ham bo\u02bblgan. Buning sababi bir jihatdan dalillar o\u02bbrtasidagi qarama-qarshilik bo\u02bblsa, ikkinchidan unga amal qilish masalasidagi xilma-xillikdir. Bu xususda faqihlar ommasi uch xil qarashni ilgari surgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinchi qarash: shofeiylar \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy namozda jahriy, maxfiy namozda maxfiy o\u02bbqish vojib, degan fikrdadir. Imom Shofeiy rahimahulloh: \u00ab\u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d \u2013 bu (\u201cFotiha\u201d surasidan) yettinchi oyatdir. Shunday ekan, (namoz o\u02bbquvchi kishi) uning hammasini yoki ba\u02bczisini tark qiladigan bo\u02bblsa, tark qilingan o\u02bbsha rakati joiz bo\u02bblmaydi\u00bb [5:244], degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ularning hadisdan dalili ushbu hadislardir:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Umma Salama roziyallohu anhodan Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning qiroatlari qanday bo\u02bblgani haqida so\u02bbralganida, u: \u201cU zotning qiroatlari oyat-oyat edi: Bismillahir rohmanir rohiym. Alhamdu lillahi robbil olamiyn. Ar-rohmanir rohiym. Moliki yavmid diyn..\u201d deb o\u02bbqir edilar\u201d, degan[2]<\/a>. Bu hadisning dalil bo\u02bbladigan jihati shundaki, unda \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotihatul Kitob\u201dning bir bo\u02bblagi ekaniga ochiq-oydin dalolat bordir.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu bunday degan: \u00ab\u201cAlhamdu lillahi Robbil olamiyn\u201dni o\u02bbqiganingizda, \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni ham (unga qo\u02bbshib) o\u02bbqing. Albatta, u (\u201cFotiha\u201d surasi) \u201cUmmul Qur\u02bcon\u201d va \u201cSab\u02bcul masoniy\u201ddir. \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d uning oyatlaridan biridir\u201d[3]<\/a>. Bu hadisning dalil bo\u02bbladigan jihati shundaki, Abu Hurayra unda \u201cBasmala\u201dni \u201cFotiha\u201d surasining bir oyati deb sanagan. U bu gapni o\u02bbzining ra\u02bcyi bilan aytmagani aniq. Shunday ekan namozda \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytish vojibdir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Shofeiylar bu borada sahobalar amalini ham dalil qilib keltirgan. Ya\u02bcni ular Qur\u02bconni yagona mus\u02bchaf holiga keltirish jarayonida \u201cBasmala\u201dni ham qayd qilib qoldirishgan. Demak, bu ishda \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotiha\u201d surasining bir oyati ekaniga dalolat bordir. Chunki Mus\u02bchafga Qur\u02bcondan bo\u02bblmagan narsalar kiritilmagan. Binobarin, \u201cBasmala\u201d jahriy namozda ham, maxfiysida ham \u201cFotiha\u201d surasiga qo\u02bbshib o\u02bbqilishi lozim [4:333].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ikkinchi qarash: hanafiylar va hanbaliylar fikricha, \u201cBasmala\u201dni \u201cFotiha\u201d surasiga qo\u02bbshib maxfiy tarzda aytish mustahab va uni jahriy aytish sunnat emas. Ularning ham o\u02bbziga xos dalillari bor. Ularning hadisdan dalillari quyidagilardir:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Anas ibn Molik roziyallohu anhu bunday degan: \u201cPayg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallamning, Abu Bakr, Umar va Usmon roziyallohu anhumning ortida namoz o\u02bbqidim. Ular (namozni) \u201cAlhamdu lillahi Robbil olamiyn\u201d bilan boshlar, \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni qiroatning boshida ham, oxirida ham aytmas edilar\u201d[4]<\/a>. Bu hadisning dalil bo\u02bbladigan jihati shundaki, unda \u201cBasmala\u201dni maxfiy qilish mustahabligiga ochiq-oydin dalolat bor. Abu Hanifa va Sufyon Savriyning mazhabi ham shudir.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning bunday deb aytayotganlarini eshitdim: \u201cAlloh taolo: \u201cMen namozni O\u02bbzim bilan bandam o\u02bbrtasida ikkiga taqsim qildim. Bandamga so\u02bbragani berilur\u201d, deydi. Banda: \u201cAlhamdu lillahi Robbil olamiyn\u201d, deganida, Alloh taolo: \u201cBandam menga hamd aytdi\u201d, deydi…\u201d[5]<\/a>. Bu hadisning dalil bo\u02bbladigan jihati shundaki, ulug\u02bb sahoba Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu unda \u201cBasmala\u201dni tilga olmagan. Demak, bu hadis \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytmaslikka, u mus\u02bchaflarda yozilgani bois maxfiy tarzda aytish mustahabligiga dalil bo\u02bbla oladi. Qolaversa, \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytish haqidagi hadislar zaifdir. Uni maxfiy aytish haqida kelgan hadislarning roviylari va sanadi kuchliroq va to\u02bbg\u02bbriroqdir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Uchinchi qarash: molikiylar ilgari surgan fikrga ko\u02bbra, farz namozida u xoh jahriy bo\u02bblsin, xoh maxfiy \u2013 \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytish mumkin emas. Hatto \u201cFotiha\u201d yoki undan boshqa biror suraning boshida bo\u02bblsa ham. Ammo uni nafl namozlarida o\u02bbqish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Ularning hadisdan dalillari quyidagilardir:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Imom Molik Anas ibn Molik roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilgan hadisda keltirilishicha, u: \u201cAbu Bakrning, Umarning va Usmonning ortida tur(ib namoz o\u02bbqi)dim. Ularning hech biri namozni \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d bilan boshlamas edi\u201d[6]<\/a>, degan. Bu hadisdan aniq ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d Qur\u02bcondan bir oyat emas, chunki Abu Bakr, Umar va Usmon roziyallohu anhum muhojir, ansor va ko\u02bbpchilik musulmonlarga 24-yil davomida namoz o\u02bbqib berar ekan, \u201cBasmala\u201dni o\u02bbqimagan. Agar u \u201cFotiha\u201dning bir oyati bo\u02bblganida sahobalar jamoasi ularning bu ishiga jim qarab turishi mumkin emas edi. Chunki \u201cFotiha\u201d surasining bir bo\u02bblagi hisoblanayotgan \u201cBasmala\u201dni tark qilish uning hammasini tark qilishdek gap bo\u02bblar, bu esa namozning durust bo\u02bblmasligiga olib kelar edi. Sahobalarning sukut saqlashi \u201cBasmala\u201dning \u201cFotiha\u201ddan emasligiga ijmo o\u02bbrnidadir.<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Abdulloh ibn Mug\u02bbaffal roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cOtam \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni o\u02bbqiyotganimni eshitib qoldilar va: \u201cEy o\u02bbg\u02bbilcham, bu ishing bid\u02bcat bo\u02bbldi. Dinga yangilik kiritishdan ehtiyot bo\u02bbl\u201d, dedi. So\u02bbng: \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning sahobalaridan birortasini ko\u02bbrmadimki, islomda yangilik paydo qilish uning nazdida boshqa har qanday ishdan ko\u02bbra yomonroq bo\u02bblmasa. Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam bilan, Abu Bakr Siddiq, Umar va Usmon bilan namoz o\u02bbqidim. Ularning hech birining \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytayotganini eshitmadim. Shunday ekan, sen ham uni aytma! Agar namoz o\u02bbqisang \u201cAlhamdu lillahi Robbil olamiyn\u201d, deb ayt\u201d[7]<\/a>, dedi\u201d. Bu xabarning dalil bo\u02bbladigan jihati shundaki, unda sahobalar \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytmagani ochiq-oydin ta\u02bckidlangan. Sahoba bo\u02bblmish Ibn Mug\u02bbaffal shunday guvohlik bermoqda. Hatto uni jahriy aytib, adolatli xalifalarning sunnatiga zid ish qilgan o\u02bbg\u02bblining ishini ham inkor etgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Imom Molik bunday degan: \u201cFarz namozda \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni o\u02bbqimaydi. Maxfiysida ham, jahriysida ham. Sunnat shudir. Men odamlar (sahobalar)ni shu holat ustida ko\u02bbrdim. Ish shuki, farz namozida \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d tark qilinadi. Maxfiy tarzda ham, jahriy qilib ham aytmaydi. Uni imom ham, undan boshqasi ham aytmaydi. Xohlasa, nafl namozda aytadi, xohlasa aytmaydi. Bunda kengchilik bordir\u201d [6:162].<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Oisha roziyallohu anho: \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam namozni takbir aytish va \u201cAlhamdu lillahi Robbil olamiyn\u201dni qiroat qilish bilan boshlar edilar\u201d[8]<\/a>, degan. Bu hadisning dalil bo\u02bbladigan jihati shundaki, unda Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam namozda \u201cBasmala\u201dni aytganliklari keltirilmagan. Namozni takbir bilan boshlab, keyin \u201cAlhamdu lillahi Robbil olamiyn\u201dni o\u02bbqiganliklari ta\u02bckidlangan. Bu uning \u201cFotiha\u201d surasidan emasligiga ishoradir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Vahba Zuhayliy rahimahulloh \u201cBasmala\u201dning ma\u02bcnosi, hikmati va fazilatlari haqida so\u02bbz yuritib, quyidagilarni keltirgan: \u201cUlamolar \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotiha\u201d yoki undan boshqa suralardan bir oyat yoki yo\u02bbqligi yuzasidan uch xil qarashni ilgari surgan. Molikiy va hanafiylarning aytishicha, \u201cNaml\u201d surasining ichida kelganini istisno qilgan holda aytish mumkinki, \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotiha\u201ddan ham, boshqa suradan ham emasdir. Buning hujjati Anas roziyallohu anhuning: \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam bilan, Abu Bakr, Umar va Usmon roziyallohu anhum bilan namoz o\u02bbqidim. Ularning birortalari \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni o\u02bbqiganini eshitmadim\u201d, degan so\u02bbzlaridir. Bu degani madinaliklar Madina masjidida namoz o\u02bbqiganlarida, \u201cBasmala\u201dni qiroat qilishmagan. Lekin hanafiylar fikriga ko\u02bbra, yolg\u02bbiz namoz o\u02bbquvchi kishi har bir rakatda \u201cFotiha\u201dga \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni qo\u02bbshib ichida o\u02bbqiydi. Zero, u ham Qur\u02bcon, biroq suraning bir qismi emas, balki suralar o\u02bbrtasini ajratib turuvchi oyatdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Molikiylar fikriga ko\u02bbra, farz namozda \u201cBasmala\u201dni \u201cFotiha\u201dga qo\u02bbshib ham, undan boshqa suralarga qo\u02bbshib ham o\u02bbqimaydi. Xoh jahriy namoz bo\u02bblsin, xoh maxfiy \u2013 baribir. Uni nafl namozda o\u02bbqish mumkin. Qurtubiy: \u201cBu fikrlarning ichidan eng to\u02bbg\u02bbrisi Molikning fikridir. Chunki Qur\u02bcon ohod xabarlar bilan sobit bo\u02bblmaydi. U faqat ixtilof qilinmaydigan qat\u02bciy va mutavotir yo\u02bbl bilan sobit bo\u02bbladi, xolos\u201d, degan. Lekin bu gap to\u02bbg\u02bbri emas, chunki har bir oyatning mutavotir bo\u02bblishi shart qilinmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Abdulloh ibn Muborak: \u201cU har bir suraning bir oyatidir\u201d, degan. Uning hujjati Imom Muslim Anas roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilgan ushbu xabardir: \u201cBir kuni Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam biz bilan o\u02bbtirganlarida, banogoh yengil hushdan ketdilar. So\u02bbng tabassum qilgan holda boshlarini ko\u02bbtardilar. Shunda biz: \u201cEy Allohning Rasuli! Sizni nima kuldirdi?\u201d dedik. U zot: \u201cMenga hozirgina bir sura nozil qilindi\u201d, dedilar va: \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym. Inna a\u02bctoynakal kavsar. Fasolli li Robbika vanhar. Inna shaniaka huval abtar\u201dni qiroat qildilar\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Shofeiylar va hanbaliylar fikricha, \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotiha\u201d surasining bir oyati bo\u02bblib, uni namozda o\u02bbqish vojibdir. Ammo hanbaliylar ham hanafiylar fikriga qo\u02bbshilgan holda uni ichida o\u02bbqiydi, jahriy qilmaydi, degan. Shofeiylar esa \u201cBasmala\u201dni maxfiy namozda maxfiy, jahriysida \u201cFotiha\u201d surasini jahriy o\u02bbqigandek ovoz chiqarib o\u02bbqiydi, degan. \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cFotiha\u201d surasining bir oyatidir, degan qarashlariga ularning dalillari Doraqutniy Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilgan ushbu hadisdir: \u201cPayg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cAgar \u201cAlhamdu lillahi Robbil olamiyn\u201dni o\u02bbqisangiz, \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni ham o\u02bbqing. Albatta, u Ummul Qur\u02bcondir, Ummul Kitobdir, Sab\u02bcul masoniydir. \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201d esa uning oyatlaridan biridir\u201d, dedilar\u201d. Bu hadisning sanadi sahihdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy o\u02bbqish borasida shofeiylarning dalili Ibn Abbos roziyallohu anhumodan rivoyat qilingan ushbu hadisdir: \u201cPayg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni jahriy o\u02bbqidilar\u201d. Yana bir dalil shuki, \u201cBasmala\u201d Qur\u02bconning bir oyati o\u02bblaroq \u201ctaavvuz\u201ddan keyin qiroat qilinadi. Demak, uni ham \u201cFotiha\u201d surasi kabi jahriy aytish sunnatdir. \u201cBasmala\u201d boshqa suralarning ham bir oyatimi yo\u02bbqmi? Bu borada Imom Shofeiydan ikki xil qarash rivoyat qilingan. Birida \u201cBasmala\u201d har bir suraning bir oyatidir, degan bo\u02bblsa, ikkinchisida \u201cFotiha\u201d surasidan boshqasida oyat emas, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

          To\u02bbg\u02bbri fikr shuki, \u201cBasmala\u201d xuddi \u201cFotiha\u201d singari har bir suraning bir oyatidir. \u201cBaroat\u201d surasidan tashqari har bir suraning boshida yozilishi buning dalilidir. Vaholanki, ular (Qur\u02bcon oyatlarini bir mus\u02bchaf holiga keltirganlar) Qur\u02bcondan bo\u02bblmagan narsalarni mus\u02bchaflarga kiritishmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Yuqorida bayon qilingan fiqhiy ixtilofga qaramay, \u201cBasmala\u201d \u201cNaml\u201d surasining bir oyati ekaniga, ilmiy asarlardan har birining kirish qismida va maktublarning boshida \u201cBasmala\u201dni yozish mumkinligiga butun ummat ittifoq qilgan. Agar kitob she\u02bcrlar devoni bo\u02bblsa, Sha\u02bcbiy va Zuhriy ularning boshiga \u201cBasmala\u201d yozish mumkin emas, degan. Said ibn Jubayr, shuningdek, mutaaxirinlarning ko\u02bbpchiligi bu ishni joiz sanagan\u201d [1:46-48].<\/span><\/p>\n

          Yuqorida bayon qilingan qarashlarni atroflicha o\u02bbrganib chiqqandan so\u02bbng shu narsa oydinlashadiki, \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytish sunnat emasligi haqidagi fikr ularning orasidan eng kuchlisidir. Chunki ularning dalillari ham kuchlidir. Qolaversa, ra\u02bcyni ishlatishga o\u02bbrin yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblgan masalalarda sahobalarning amali ham hujjat sanaladi. Agar uni jahriy aytish sunnat bo\u02bblganida, sahobalar jamoasi uni tark qilishi mumkin emas edi. Agar ularda \u201cBasmala\u201dni jahriy aytish hukmi nasx qilingani haqida dalil bo\u02bblmaganida, mus\u02bchafni ochib beruvchi ulug\u02bb oyat hisoblanmish \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym\u201dni jahriy aytmasdan qo\u02bbymas edilar. Imom Moturidiy rahimahullohni ham shu qarashni qabul qilishga, uni aqliy va naqliy dalillar bilan isbotlab berishga undagan omillar ham ana shulardir.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Ota-bobolari ibodat amallarini bir necha asrlardan buyon hanafiylik mazhabi asosida ado etib kelgan bugungi yoshlarga \u201cBasmala\u201dning mazmun-mohiyati, hikmati, shar\u02bciy hukmlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida tushuncha berish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Zero, Qur\u02bcon va hadisga ergashish shiori ostida yoshlarni mazhabsizlikka targ\u02bbib qilish avjiga chiqqan bugungi kunda bu kabi ma\u02bcrifiy suhbatlarni ko\u02bbpaytirish ularda har xil oqimlarga nisbatan kuchli immunitetni shakllantirishga yordam beradi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
          \n
            \n
          1. Vahba Zuhayliy. At-Tafsirul munir fil aqidati vash shariati val manhaj, 1-nashr. \u2013 Damashq-Suriya: Dorul fikr, 1991.<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. Imom Moturidiy. Ta\u02bcvilotul Qur\u02bcon. \u2013 Istanbul: Dorul mezon, Ahmad Vonli O\u02bbg\u02bbli va Bakr To\u02bbpol O\u02bbg\u02bbli tahqiqi, 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n
          3. Imom Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniy. Al-Osor, Abulvafo Afg\u02bboniy tahqiqi. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul kutubil ilmiya, 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n
          4. Imom Navaviy. Al-Majmu\u02bc sharhul muhazzab. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul fikr,<\/span><\/li>\n
          5. Imom Shofeiy. Al-Um. \u2013 Misr: Dorul vafo, Rif\u02bcat Favziy Abdulmuttalib tahqiqi, 2001.<\/span><\/li>\n
          6. Molik ibn Anas. Al-Mudavvanatul kubro. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul kutubil ilmiya, 1994.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
            [1]<\/a> Tabaroniy va Zaylaiy rivoyat qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [2]<\/a> Imom Termiziy, Abu Dovud, Hokim rivoyat qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [3]<\/a> Bayhaqiy va Doraqutniy rivoyat qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [4]<\/a> Imom Muslim rivoyati.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [5]<\/a> Imom Muslim rivoyati.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [6]<\/a> Imom Molik va Bayhaqiy rivoyat qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [7]<\/a> Imom Termiziy va Ibn Moja rivoyat qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [8]<\/a> Abu Dovud rivoyati.<\/span><\/div>\n
            Alouddin NEMATOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
            Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Alloh taolo bandasiga ato etgan ne\u02bcmatlarning eng ulug\u02bbi \u2013 bu uning dunyosi va dini uchun foydasi tegadigan ilmlarni o\u02bbrganishga muvaffaq qilib qo\u02bbyishidir. Fiqh ilmi ana shunday ulug\u02bb ne\u02bcmatlardan biri ekani shubhasiz. Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalom davrlaridan bugungi kunga qadar unga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratgan ulamolar bo\u02bblgan. Abu Hanifa, Shofeiy, Molik, Ahmad rahimahulloh kabi mujtahid imomlar ana shunday ulamolardan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50780,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639,3711],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIMOM MOTURIDIYNING NAMOZDA \u201cBASMALA\u201dNI AYTISH HAQIDAGI FIQHIY QARASHLARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IMOM MOTURIDIYNING NAMOZDA \u201cBASMALA\u201dNI AYTISH HAQIDAGI FIQHIY QARASHLARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=50778&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IMOM MOTURIDIYNING NAMOZDA \u201cBASMALA\u201dNI AYTISH HAQIDAGI FIQHIY QARASHLARI - 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