{"id":50645,"date":"2026-07-01T10:13:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T05:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=50645"},"modified":"2026-07-01T12:06:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T07:06:27","slug":"abu-dovudning-sunan-asarida-kelgan-hadis-atamalari-tahlili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=50645&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ABU DOVUDNING \u201cSUNAN\u201d ASARIDA KELGAN HADIS ATAMALARI TAHLILI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Islom tarixida hadis ilmi rivojida yirik muhaddislar o\u2018rni beqiyosdir. Ular nafaqat hadislarni jamlab, yozib qoldirgan, balki ularning ishonchliligi va amaliy ahamiyatini chuqur tahlil qilishga katta e\u2019tibor qaratgan. Ana shunday buyuk muhaddislardan biri Abu Dovud Sijistoniydir. U hadis ilmining yirik namoyandalaridan biri bo\u2018lib, o\u2018zining \u201cSunani Abu Dovud\u201d kitobi orqali islom fiqhida muhim manba yaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud Sijistoniyning hadislarni tanlash, ularni fiqhiy jihatdan tahlil qilish va hayotga tatbiq etish borasidagi yondashuvi alohida ahamiyatga ega. U o\u2018zining \u201cSunani Abu Dovud\u201d asarida fiqhiy hukmiy hadislarni jamlab, tartibga solgan va islom huquqiy tizimida muhim o\u2018rin egallovchi asar yaratgan. Ushbu asar nafaqat hadislarni yig\u2018ish, balki ularning ishonchliligi va amaliyotda qo\u2018llashga nisbatan yondashuvi bilan ham ajralib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hadis ilmi islom huquqshunosligining asosiy manbalaridan biri bo\u2018lib, uning rivojida buyuk muhaddislarning hissasi katta. Abu Dovud esa hadislarni tanlash va tasniflash usullari orqali nafaqat hadis ilmiga, balki fiqh sohasiga ham ulkan hissa qo\u2018shgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Maqolani tayyorlashda umumlashtirish, taqqoslash, qiyosiy tahlil, tizimli yondashuv kabi tadqiqot usullaridan foydalanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh hadislarni keltirishda ularning faqat ilmiy jihatdan sahih bo\u2018lishiga emas, balki amaliy foydali bo\u2018lishiga ham katta e\u2019tibor qaratgan. U o\u2018zining \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini tartibga solishda faqat fiqhiy ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lgan hadislarni jamlagan. Uning hadislarni tanlash borasidagi yondashuvi haqida quyidagi so\u2018zlari mashhur:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cSizlar bildirgan fikrlar bilan to\u2018liq tanishib chiqdim. Aytgan so\u2018zlaringiz to\u2018g\u2018ri (ya\u2019ni, haqiqatan ham bu kitobga o\u2018z bobidagi eng sahih hadislarni kiritdim). Ammo bir masalani aytib o\u2018tay: agar bir hadis ikkita sanad bilan kelgan bo\u2018lsa-yu, ulardan biri sanadi jihatdan kuchli, ikkinchisidagi roviylar esa ustozini uzoq vaqt lozim tutgan bo\u2018lsa, men ana shu ikkinchi sanadni tanladim. Lekin shuni ham aytishim kerakki, kitobimda bu uslub qo\u2018llangan hadislar soni o\u2018ntaga ham bormasa kerak\u201d [4:22], degan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu so\u2018zlardan ko\u2018rinib turibdiki, Abu Dovud rohimahulloh hadislarni tanlashda sanadlar ishonchliligini tekshirish bilan birga, roviylarning fiqhiy bilimiga ham e\u2019tibor bergan. U hadislarni faqat ularning rivoyat zanjiri mustahkamligi bilan emas, balki amaliy qo\u2018llanishi bilan ham baholagan. Bu esa uni boshqa muhaddislardan ajratib turadigan muhim jihatlardan biridir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh uzun hadislarni qisqartirish uslubini ham qo\u2018llagan. Uning fikricha, ba\u2019zi hadislarning to\u2018liq matnida amaliy jihatdan muhim bo\u2018lmagan tafsilotlar bo\u2018lishi mumkin. Shu sababli u hadislarning asosiy mazmunini saqlagan holda, faqat fiqhiy ahamiyatga ega qismlarini keltirishni ma\u2019qul ko\u2018rgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu borada u quyidagi tamoyilga amal qilgan: \u201cHadislarni to\u2018liq rivoyat qilish muhim, biroq agar ularning ba\u2019zi qismlari shariat hukmlari bilan bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lmasa, ularni qisqartirgan ma\u2019qul. Chunki asosiy maqsad \u2013 hadislardan fiqhiy foyda olishdir\u201d [4:24].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bunday yondashuv islom huquqshunosligida hadislarni amaliyotda qo\u2018llashni osonlashtirgan. Abu Dovud rohimahullohning bu usuli fiqhiy masalalarni hal qilishda hadislarni o\u2018rganayotgan olimlar uchun qulaylik yaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh \u201cSunan\u201d kitobida bir bobga juda ko\u2018p hadis kiritishdan tiyilgan. Uning asosiy maqsadi \u2013 hadislarni iloji boricha ixcham holda taqdim etish, shunda kitob o\u2018quvchilar uchun oson va tushunarli bo\u2018ladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu borada u bunday degan: \u201cHamma sahih hadislarni keltirish odamlar uchun qiyinchilik tug\u2018diradi. Men esa ularni o\u2018rganish va foydalanish oson bo\u2018lishini xohladim\u201d [4:23].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Shu sababli u har bir bobda faqat eng muhim hadislarni keltirib, ortiqcha tafsilotlardan tiyilgan. Agar bir bobda ko\u2018plab sahih hadislar mavjud bo\u2018lsa ham, u odatda faqat bir-ikkita hadisni keltirish bilan kifoyalangan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud Sijistoniy rohimahulloh hadislarni tartibga solishda ularga chuqur ilmiy tahlil bilan yondashgan va har bir hadisning ma\u2019nosini to\u2018liq anglab yetish uchun turli metodlarni qo\u2018llagan. U ba\u2019zan bir bobda bitta hadisni ikki yoki uch xil sanad bilan keltirgan. Bu bejiz emas, balki muayyan maqsadga yo\u2018naltirilgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Uning bu boradagi yondashuvini tushunish uchun, quyidagi tamoyilga e\u2019tibor berish lozim. Abu Dovud rohimahulloh bir hadisni turli sanad bilan keltirganda, odatda, birinchi sanadda ba\u2019zi nuqsonlar (illatlar) bo\u2018lishi mumkinligini bildirmoqchi bo\u2018lgan. Bu haqda u bunday deydi: \u201cAgar men bir bobda bitta hadisni ikki-uch xil sanad bilan keltirgan bo\u2018lsam, bilingki, birinchi hadisda illat bor. Keyingi hadislarni u bilan solishtirib ko\u2018ring, oralaridagi farqni toping. O\u2018sha farqli joyi \u2013 birinchi hadisdagi illatdir. \u201cQo\u2018shimcha gap bor\u201d, deganim \u2013 siz o\u2018zingiz tushunib olishingiz kerak bo\u2018lgan narsa deganidir\u201d [3:4].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ya\u2019ni Abu Dovud rohimahulloh o\u2018z kitobida bir hadisni takror keltirar ekan, aslida, o\u2018quvchi va muhaddislarga u hadisning sahihligi yoki undagi ba\u2019zi zaif jihatlarni ko\u2018rsatmoqchi bo\u2018lgan. Agar keyingi sanadlar oldingisiga nisbatan mukammalroq bo\u2018lsa, bu aynan oldingi sanadning biror jihatdan muammoli ekanini bildirgan bo\u2018lishi mumkin. Bu yondashuv hadislarni chuqur tahlil qilish va ularni to\u2018g\u2018ri tushunish uchun juda muhim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh hadislarni nafaqat to\u2018plash va tartiblash, balki ularni qisqartirishga ham ehtiyotkorlik bilan yondashgan. U ba\u2019zan bir hadisni to\u2018liq shaklda keltirish o\u2018rniga, faqat asosiy fiqhiy nuqtaga e\u2019tibor qaratish maqsadida qisqartirgan. Buning sababini u quyidagicha tushuntiradi: \u201cAgar hadis uzun bo\u2018lsa, men uni qisqartirib keltirgan bo\u2018laman. Chunki agar uni to\u2018liq yozsam, uni eshitgan kishilar ayrim jihatlarini tushunmasligi mumkin. Shunday bo\u2018lsa, ular hadisdagi fiqhiy ma\u2019noni anglamay qoladi. Men esa aynan o\u2018sha bobdagi fiqhiy nuqtaga e\u2019tibor qaratmoqchi bo\u2018laman\u201d [2:2].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu so\u2018zlardan anglashiladiki, Abu Dovud rohimahulloh hadisni keltirishdan maqsad \u2013 shunchaki rivoyat qilish emas, balki uning fiqhiy ahamiyatini ochib berishdir. U hadislardagi asosiy g\u2018oyani saqlab qolgan holda, odamlarga oson va tushunarli bo\u2018lishi uchun ortiqcha tafsilotlarni chiqarib tashlagan. Bu esa hadis ilmini tushunishni yengillashtirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Mursal hadislar roviylar zanjirining to\u2018liq emasligi sababli ba\u2019zan muammoli hisoblanadi. Bunday hadislar odatda tobeinlardan rivoyat qilinadi, lekin ularning oraliqdagi sahobiyni eslatmasligi sababli sanadda uzilish paydo bo\u2018ladi. Abu Dovud rohimahulloh bu masalaga juda ehtiyotkorlik bilan yondashgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Uning mursal hadislar borasidagi pozitsiyasi quyidagicha: \u201cMursal hadislar to\u2018liq sanadga ega bo\u2018lmagani uchun ularni asosiy hujjat sifatida keltirmaganman. Lekin ba\u2019zan boshqa ishonchli dalillar topilmaganda, ulardan foydalanganman. Chunki mursal hadislar ayrim sharoitlarda foydalanishga yaroqli bo\u2018lishi mumkin\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ya\u2019ni Abu Dovud rohimahulloh mursal hadislarni mustaqil dalil sifatida ishlatmagan, lekin agar boshqa kuchli manbalar bo\u2018lmasa va hadisning mazmuni shariat qoidalariga mos kelsa, ularni hisobga olgan. Bu uning hadislarni tanlash va ulardan fiqhiy xulosa chiqarish borasida naqadar ehtiyotkor bo\u2018lganini ko\u2018rsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud hadis ilmidagi yondashuvi bilan islom fiqhiy merosida muhim o\u2018rin egallaydi. U hadislarni nafaqat jamlab, balki ularni sahihlik darajasiga ko\u2018ra tartiblash, qisqartirish va muhim fiqhiy xulosalarni chiqarish borasida ham o\u2018ziga xos uslubga ega bo\u2018lgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u2013 Bir hadisni bir bobda turli sanad bilan keltirganda, bu hadisning ayrim sanadlarida illat borligini anglatishi mumkin.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u2013 Uzun hadislarni qisqartirib keltirishi esa odamlar uchun oson va tushunarli bo\u2018lishi hamda fiqhiy ma\u2019noni aniq ochib berish maqsadini ko\u2018zlagan.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u2013 Mursal hadislarni esa mustaqil hujjat sifatida ishlatmagan, lekin boshqa dalillar bo\u2018lmaganda, ularni muayyan sharoitda qo\u2018llagan.<\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu yondashuv uning hadis ilmi va fiqhga bo\u2018lgan yuksak ilmiy e\u2019tiborini hamda ixchamlik va amaliy jihatdan foydalilikni ustuvor qo\u2018yganini ko\u2018rsatadi. Shu sababli, Abu Dovud rohimahullohning \u201cSunan\u201d kitobi faqat muhaddislar emas, balki fiqh olimlari tomonidan ham asosiy manba sifatida qadrlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Islom huquqshunosligi va hadis ilmining rivojlanishida buyuk muhaddislar va faqihlarning o\u2018rni juda katta. Ularning har biri o\u2018z ilmiy uslubi va tahliliy yondashuvi bilan hadislarni tasniflash hamda ulardan fiqhiy xulosalar chiqarish borasida muayyan tamoyillarga ega bo\u2018lgan. Abu Dovud Sijistoniy rohimahulloh ham ana shunday yirik muhaddislardan bo\u2018lib, uning \u201cSunan\u201d asari fiqhiy masalalarda asosiy manbalardan biri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hadis ilmidagi muhim masalalardan biri \u2013 mursal hadislarning qabul qilinishi yoki rad etilishi masalasidir. Mursal hadis deganda, roviy sanadda sahobiyni eslatmasdan, bevosita Payg\u2018ambar alayhissalomdan rivoyat qilishi tushuniladi. Bunday hadislar, odatda, zanjirning to\u2018liq emasligi sababli ba\u2019zan ishonchli deb topilmagan, ba\u2019zan esa fiqhiy dalil sifatida qabul qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu masalada muhaddis va faqihlar o\u2018rtasida turli yondashuvlar mavjud bo\u2018lgan. Abu Dovud rohimahulloh o\u2018z risolasida bu borada quyidagilarni bayon qiladi: \u201cMursal hadislarni oldin o\u2018tgan ulamolar hujjat sifatida ishlatib kelishayotgan edi. Masalan, Sufyon Savriy, Molik ibn Anas va Avzo\u2019iy rahmatullohi alayhlar. Ammo Imom Shofeiy rahmatullohi alayhga kelganda, u zot bunga e\u2019tiroz bildirdi (ya\u2019ni ko\u2018plab shart qo\u2018ydi). So\u2018ngra Ahmad ibn Hanbal rahmatullohi alayh va boshqalar ham bu borada Shofeiyga ergashdi. Agar mursallardan boshqa musnad (muttasil) rivoyat bo\u2018lmasa, musnad rivoyat topilmasa, mursal hujjat sifatida ishlatilaveradi. Lekin u quvvatda muttasil singari bo\u2018lmaydi\u201d [1:192].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu so\u2018zlardan ko\u2018rinib turibdiki, mursal hadislarning qabul qilinishi borasida ikki xil yondashuv bo\u2018lgan:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Sufyon Savriy, Imom Molik va Imom Avzoiy kabi muhaddislar mursal hadislarni to\u2018g\u2018ridan-to\u2018g\u2018ri hujjat sifatida qabul qilgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Imom Shofeiy va Ahmad ibn Hanbal esa bunday hadislarni qabul qilish uchun qo\u2018shimcha shartlar qo\u2018ygan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh esa bu ikki yondashuv o\u2018rtasida muvozanatni saqlagan. U agar mursal hadisni tasdiqlovchi muttasil sanadli hadis topilmasa, mursalni qabul qilish mumkin deb bilgan. Ammo bu holatda ham u muttasil hadis darajasida bo\u2018la olmasligini ta\u2019kidlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hadis ilmidagi yana bir muhim masala \u2013 zaif hadislarning qanday ishlatilishi masalasidir. Abu Dovud rohimahulloh zaif hadislarni qabul qilishda juda ehtiyotkor bo\u2018lgan. U hadislarning zaifligi sababli ularga to\u2018liq tayanmagan va ilmiy tahlil qilish maqsadida ularni qayd qilib, baholagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">U bu borada shunday degan: \u201cAgar kitobda munkar hadis bo\u2018lsa, uning munkar ekanini bayon qildim. Natijada, o\u2018sha bobda unga o\u2018xshash boshqa munkar rivoyat bo\u2018lmaydi (ya\u2019ni, agar hadis munkar bo\u2018lsa, men uni albatta bayon qilaman, agar bayon qilmasam, u munkar emas, degani\u201d) [5:141].<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu tamoyil shuni ko\u2018rsatadiki:<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u2013 Abu Dovud rohimahulloh o\u2018z kitobida hadislarning zaif yoki munkar ekanini aniq bayon qilib ketgan;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u2013 Agar biror hadisning zaifligi yoki munkarligi haqida aniq ma\u2019lumot berilmagan bo\u2018lsa, u hadis munkar emas, deb tushunish kerak;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u2013 U ilmiy bahs va tahlil maqsadida zaif hadislarni keltirgan, lekin ularni mustaqil ravishda fiqhiy hukm chiqarish uchun ishlatmagan.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu metodika orqali Abu Dovud rohimahulloh o\u2018z kitobida zaif hadislarning o\u2018rnini aniq belgilab bergan va ularni sahih yoki hasan hadislar bilan aralashtirmagan.<\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh o\u2018z asarini boshqa muhaddislar kitoblari bilan solishtirgan. Xususan, \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini Ibn Muborak, Vaki\u2019, Molik ibn Anas va Hammod ibn Salama kabi muhaddislar asarlari bilan taqqoslagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu haqda u shunday degan: \u201cMusnad \u2013 muttasil va marfu\u2019 hadislarning ozginasigina Ibn Muborak va Vaki\u2019 rahmatullohi alayhlarning kitobida mavjud. Bu zotlarning kitobidagi ko\u2018p hadislar mursal hadislardir. Molik ibn Anas rahmatullohi alayhning \u201cMuvattosining \u201cSunan\u201d kitobida (ya\u2019ni fiqhiy hukmlarga tegishli boblarida) ko\u2018p musnad rivoyatlar bor. Shuningdek, Hammod ibn Salama va Abdurazzoq rahmatullohi alayhlarning asarlarida ham bir qancha musnad hadislar topiladi. Bilishimizcha, bu kitoblarning (ya\u2019ni \u201cSunan\u201d asaridagi bo\u2018limlarning) uchdan biri ham barchalari, ya\u2019ni Molik ibn Anas, Hammod ibn Salama va Abdurazzoq rahmatullohi alayhlarning kitoblarida bo\u2018lmasa kerak\u201d [4:25-26].<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu taqqoslash shuni ko\u2018rsatadiki:<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u2013 Ibn Muborak va Vaki\u2019ning kitoblarida ko\u2018plab mursal hadislar mavjud bo\u2018lib, ularda muttasil hadislar kamroq.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u2013 Imom Molikning \u201cMuvatto\u201d kitobi esa fiqhiy jihatdan ko\u2018plab musnad hadislarni o\u2018z ichiga olgan.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u2013 Hammod ibn Salama va Abdurazzoqning kitoblari ham musnad hadislar bilan boyitilgan, lekin Abu Dovud rohimahullohning \u201cSunan\u201d kitobidagi hadislar bilan to\u2018liq qoplanmaydi.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahullohning hadis ilmidagi yondashuvi juda ehtiyotkor va ilmiy asoslangan. U:<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u2013 Mursal hadislarni mustaqil hujjat sifatida ishlatmagan, lekin boshqa dalillar bo\u2018lmasa, qabul qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u2013 Zaif hadislarni aniq qayd qilib, ularning qanchalik ishonchli ekanini bayon qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u2013 \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini hukmiy hadislar bo\u2018yicha asosiy manba sifatida yozgan va uni boshqa muhaddislar kitobi bilan solishtirgan.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Shu sababli uning yondashuvi hadis ilmi va fiqhiy tadqiqotlarda bugungi kungacha dolzarb ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lib qolmoqda.<\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh o\u2018zining \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini eng muhim hukmiy hadislarni jamlash maqsadida tartibga keltirdi. U hadislarni tanlash va tasniflash borasida o\u2018ziga xos ilmiy yondashuvni qo\u2018lladi. \u201cSunan\u201d asari faqat sahih hadislarni yig\u2018ish uchun emas, balki fiqhiy nuqtayi nazardan amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lgan rivoyatlarni to\u2018plash uchun yozilgan. U o\u2018zining hadislarni qanday jamlagani va tanlagani haqida quyidagicha bayon qiladi: \u201cKitobni o\u2018zimdagi bor narsalar (o\u2018zimga yetib kelgan rivoyatlar)ni bir tartib (nizom)ga muvofiq yozdim. Agar Payg\u2018ambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan biror sunnat sizga yetib kelsa-yu, men uni taxrij qilmagan bo\u2018lsam (kitobimda keltirmagan bo\u2018lsam), bilingki, u (o\u2018ta) zaifdir. Illo o\u2018sha hadis kitobimda boshqa tariqdan bo\u2018lsa ham kelgan bo\u2018lsa, u zaif bo\u2018lmasligi mumkin. Chunki men tariqlarni hammasini ham rivoyat qilmadim. Sababi bu o\u2018rganuvchi uchun kattalashib (qiyin bo\u2018lib) ketadi\u201d [2:26].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu so\u2018zlardan anglashiladiki, Abu Dovud hadislarni to\u2018plashda aniq maqsad va mezonlarga asoslangan:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Eng muhim va amaliy ahamiyatga ega hadislar tanlangan, ya\u2019ni fiqhiy hukmlarga doir bo\u2018lmagan, amaliy jihatdan ahamiyatsiz hadislar jamlanmagan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Zaif hadislarni ehtiyotkorlik bilan keltirgan, ya\u2019ni agar u biror hadisni o\u2018z kitobiga kiritmagan bo\u2018lsa, demak, uni juda zaif deb bilgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hadislarni haddan tashqari ko\u2018paytirishdan tiyilgan, ya\u2019ni har bir hadisning barcha sanadlarini alohida-alohida keltirmagan, balki asosiy variantlarini tanlagan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh \u201cSunan\u201d kitobida hadislarni saralashda o\u2018ziga xos yondashuvga ega bo\u2018lgan. Uning kitobi boshqa muhaddislar asarlaridan amaliy foydali hadislarni tanlash usuli bilan ajralib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Masalan, ba\u2019zi uzun yoki to\u2018liq anglab bo\u2018lmaydigan hadislar qisqartirilgan yoki izohlangan. Chunki u hadislarni to\u2018liq shaklda keltirganda, ularning ba\u2019zi qismlarini anglash qiyin bo\u2018lishi mumkin edi. Bunda u hadisning mazmunini yo\u2018qotmagan holda, faqat muhim fiqhiy jihatlariga e\u2019tibor qaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahullohning hadislarni eng keng qamrab olgan muhaddis ekanini o\u2018zi ham e\u2019tirof etgan: \u201cRivoyatlarni bu darajada keng qamrab olgan mendan boshqa kishini bilmayman\u201d [5:142].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu borada Hasan ibn Ali Xallol rahmatullohi alayh hadislarning umumiy miqdori haqida quyidagicha fikr bildirgan: \u201cIbn Muborak rahmatullohi alayh shunday degan: \u201cPayg\u2018ambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan rivoyat qilingan sunnatlar (hukmiy hadislar) to\u2018qqiz yuzga yaqin hadisdir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu fikrga javoban unga e\u2019tiroz bildirib: \u201cAbu Yusuf rahmatullohi alayh ularni bir ming bir yuzta\u201d, deganku?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Shunda Ibn Muborak rohimahulloh bunga javoban bunday degan: \u201cAbu Yusuf u yerdan, bu yerdan zaif hadislarni ham olaverganda\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu so\u2018zlardan ko\u2018rinib turibdiki, Abu Dovud rohimahulloh faqat miqdorni emas, balki hadislarning sifati va ishonchliligini ham asosiy mezon sifatida olgan. Uning yondashuvi shunchaki hadislarni yig\u2018ish emas, balki eng ishonchli va amaliy jihatdan kerakli bo\u2018lganlarini ajratishga qaratilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahullohning \u201cSunan\u201d kitobi hukmiy hadislarning noyob to\u2018plami hisoblanadi. U hadislarni tanlash, tahlil qilish va kitob holiga keltirishda yuqori darajadagi ilmiy yondashuvni namoyon etgan. U bu kitob haqida shunday degan:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cU shunday kitobki, sizga Payg\u2018ambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan biror sunnat yetib kelgan bo\u2018lsa, albatta u kitobda bordir. Biroq hadisdan (mujtahidlar tomonidan) biron hukm chiqarib olingan bo\u2018lsa, bu narsa (mujtahid imomlarning ijtihodlari) deyarli keltirilmagan\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ya\u2019ni \u201cSunan\u201d asarida hadislarning o\u2018zi keltirilgan, lekin fiqhiy ijtihodlar va ulamolar tomonidan chiqarilgan hukmlar alohida bayon qilinmagan. Bu esa hadislarni o\u2018rganmoqchi bo\u2018lgan har bir kishi uchun asl manbadan to\u2018g\u2018ridan-to\u2018g\u2018ri foydalanish imkoniyatini yaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu fikr shuni anglatadiki, Abu Dovud o\u2018zining \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini fiqhiy bilimlarni o\u2018rganishda eng muhim manba deb bilgan. Uning fikricha, agar bir talaba \u201cSunan\u201d asarini yozib olsa va undagi hadislarni o\u2018rgansa, bu unga katta ilmiy asos bo\u2018lishi mumkin. U bu haqda quyidagi fikrni bildirgan:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cBu kitoblarni (\u201cSunan\u201d asaridagi bo\u2018limlarni) yozgan tolibi ilm boshqa biron hadis yozmasa ham zarari yo\u2018q. Kishi unga (bu kitobga) nazar solsa, uni tadabbur qilsa va tushunsa, shunda uning qadrini bilib oladi\u201d [4:28].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ya\u2019ni \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini o\u2018rganish, tadqiq qilish va undagi hadislarni chuqur tushunish har bir talabaga yetarli bo\u2018ladi. Chunki bu kitobda eng muhim va amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lgan hadislar jamlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovudning \u201cSunan\u201d kitobi hadis ilmi va fiqhiy tadqiqotlar uchun bebaho manba hisoblanadi. Uning hadislarni tanlash va tasniflash borasidagi yondashuvi quyidagi asosiy jihatlar bilan ajralib turadi:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Faqat eng muhim va amaliy jihatdan muhim bo\u2018lgan hadislarni jamlagan, ya\u2019ni hadislar ortiqcha tafsilotlarsiz, faqat fiqhiy ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lgan qismigina keltirilgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hadislar sanadi va sifatini aniq bayon qilgan, ya\u2019ni zaif hadislarni ochiq bayon etgan va sahihlar bilan aralashtirmagan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">O\u2018rganish oson bo\u2018lishi uchun uni ixchamlashtirgan, ya\u2019ni barcha sanadlarni keltirmay, faqat asosiy dalillarga e\u2019tibor bergan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Qur\u2019ondan keyingi eng muhim kitoblardan biri deb e\u2019tirof etgan. Hadis va fiqh ilmini o\u2018rganayotgan har bir kishi uchun uni zarur manba deb bilgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bugungi kunda ham Abu Dovudning \u201cSunan\u201d kitobi islom huquqshunosligi va hadis ilmi bo\u2018yicha asosiy manbalardan biri bo\u2018lib qolmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh hadis ilmidagi yuksak bilim va tajribasini namoyon etgan holda, o\u2018zining \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini eng ishonchli va hukmiy ahamiyatga ega hadislar asosida tuzdi. U hadislarni nafaqat rivoyat qilish, balki ularning sanadi va lafzlarini chuqur tahlil qilishga katta e\u2019tibor qaratdi. O\u2018zining hadislarni tanlash va saralash uslubi haqida u bunday deydi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cKim ushbu hadislarni lafzlari bilan qo\u2018shib farqiga borishni istasa, (unga shuni aytamanki), ba\u2019zi hadislar boshqalarning kitobida mashhur imomlarning tariqidan kelgan bo\u2018lsa ham, men uni (ba\u2019zan) boshqa tariqdan keltiraman. Sababi matnlar ichidan ko\u2018p ma\u2019nolarni ifoda qila oladigan, o\u2018zim boxabar bo\u2018lgan lafzli matnni tanlab olgan bo\u2018laman\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu so\u2018zlardan anglashiladiki, Abu Dovud hadislarni tanlashda faqat ularning isnodi bilan cheklanmay, balki matnining aniq va tushunarli bo\u2018lishiga ham e\u2019tibor bergan. Bunday uslub orqali u hadislarning ma\u2019no jihatdan yanada boy va ishonchli shaklda yetkazilishini ta\u2019minlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ushbu tanqidiy yondashuvi bilan u boshqa muhaddislar kitoblarida uchraydigan ba\u2019zi isnodlar muammolarini ham ochib bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ya\u2019ni ba\u2019zan boshqa muhaddislar tomonidan muttasil deb qabul qilingan isnodlarning aslida uzilgan yoki zaif ekanini Abu Dovud o\u2018zining chuqur ilmiy tahlili orqali aniqlagan. Masalan, u Ibn Jurayjning Zuhriydan rivoyati haqida quyidagi misolni keltiradi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cMasalan, Ibn Jurayjdan rivoyat qilingan bir sanadda u: \u201cZuhriyning bunday degani haqida menga xabar berildi\u201d degan iborani ishlatadi (ya\u2019ni, Ibn Jurayj hadisni Zuhriydan eshitmagani namoyon bo\u2018lib turibdi). Biroq Bursoniy \u201cIbn Jurayjdan, u Zuhriydan\u201d deb rivoyat qilgan (Bursoniyning lafzida xuddi Ibn Jurayj o\u2018sha hadisni Zuhriydan eshitgandek tuyulib qolgan). Buni eshitgan roviy uni muttasil deb o\u2018ylaydi. Holbuki, u sanad hech qanaqasiga muttasil bo\u2018lolmaydi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu o\u2018rinda Abu Dovud Bursoniy tomonidan keltirilgan isnodning illatli ekanini tushuntiradi. Ibn Jurayj aslida Zuhriydan to\u2018g\u2018ridan-to\u2018g\u2018ri eshitmagan bo\u2018lsa-da, Bursoniy uni muttasil ravishda rivoyat qilgan. Shu sababli, bunday sanadning qabul qilinishi mumkin emas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ya\u2019ni, ba\u2019zan odamlar Abu Dovudni \u201cfalon hadisni tark qilibdi\u201d deb ayblashi mumkin. Ammo aslida u hadisni emas, balki uning zaif yoki uzilgan isnodini tark qilgan bo\u2018ladi. Bu uning hadis tanlashdagi eng muhim yondashuvlaridan biridir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud o\u2018zining \u201cSunan\u201d kitobini faqat hukmiy hadislar asosida tuzgan bo\u2018lib, unda zuhd, amallar fazilatlari yoki boshqa mavzularga oid hadislarni kiritmagan. Bu haqda u shunday degan:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cSunan\u201d kitobida faqat ahkom (hadislar)ni yozdim. Zuhd, amallarning fazilatlari va boshqa mavzudagi hadislarni yozmadim. Ushbu to\u2018rt ming sakkiz yuz hadisning barchasi hukmlar haqida. Zuhd, fazilatlar va bundan boshqa hadislarni esa taxrij qilmadim (rivoyat qilmadim)\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu so\u2018zlar Abu Dovudning hadislarni qisqartirilgan va faqat amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lganlarini tanlaganini ko\u2018rsatadi. Uning maqsadi faqat fiqhiy hukmlarga oid hadislarni jamlash bo\u2018lgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud Sijistoniyning \u201cSunan\u201d asari islom huquqshunosligi uchun muhim manba hisoblanadi. Quyida Abu Dovudning yondashuvlari haqida batafsil ma\u2019lumot taqdim etiladi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud hadislarni tanlashda ularning faqat sahihligi va rivoyat ishonchliligiga emas, balki amaliy jihatlariga ham e\u2019tibor qaratgan. U fiqhiy hukmlarni chiqarishda zarur bo\u2018lgan hadislarni \u201cSunan\u201d asariga kiritgan. Hadislarni tanlash jarayonida quyidagi tamoyillarni qo\u2018llagan:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Faoliy yondashuv<\/strong>. Fiqhiy ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lmagan hadislarni chetga surib, faqat amaliy hukmlar bilan bog\u2018liq hadislarni jamlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Ishonchlilik mezoni<\/strong>. Agar hadisning sanadida zaiflik mavjud bo\u2018lsa, uni asosiy hujjat sifatida qabul qilmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Mursal hadislar roviylar zanjirining uzilishi sababli e\u2019tiborlidir. Abu Dovud mursal hadislarni mustaqil hujjat sifatida ishlatmagan bo\u2018lsa-da, zarurat tug\u2018ilganda boshqa ishonchli dalillar bilan birga ko\u2018rib chiqqan. Shuningdek, zaif hadislarni kiritishda ehtiyotkorlik qilgan va ularning ishonchliligini ochiq-oydin bayon etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud uzun hadislarni qisqartirish uslubini qo\u2018llagan. U hadislarning asosiy mazmunini saqlab qolgan holda, fiqhiy jihatdan muhim bo\u2018lmagan qismlarini olib tashlagan. Bundan maqsad hadislarni o\u2018rganishni yengillashtirish va ularni tushunarli qilish edi. Bu uslub ulamolar tomonidan juda qadrlangan, chunki u fiqhiy masalalarni hal qilishni osonlashtirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovudning hadislarni tanlash va tahlil qilishdagi ilmiy asoslangan yondashuvi bugungi kungacha dolzarb bo\u2018lib qolmoqda. Uning \u201cSunan\u201d asari nafaqat muhaddislar, balki fiqh olimlari tomonidan ham asosiy manba sifatida e\u2019tirof etiladi. U hadislarni ixcham, amaliy va aniq shaklda taqdim etib, islom huquqshunosligining rivojlanishiga katta hissa qo\u2018shgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud Sijistoniy rohimahullohning hadis ilmidagi yondashuvi ilmiy asosga ega bo\u2018lib, u o\u2018zining tanqidiy fikrlash va yuqori saviyadagi tahliliy uslubi bilan boshqa muhaddislardan ajralib turadi. Uning \u201cSunan\u201d asari islom huquqshunosligida hukmiy hadislarni tartiblash va ulardan fiqhiy hukmlar chiqarishda asosiy manba sifatida qabul qilinadi. Ushbu asar quyidagi xususiyatlari bilan yuksak e\u2019tirofga ega:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud hadislarni kiritishda sanad ishonchliligiga, roviylarning fiqhiy saviyasiga va hadisning amaliy ahamiyatiga jiddiy e\u2019tibor bergan. U zaif va mursal hadislarni asosiy dalil sifatida ishlatmagan, balki ularni faqat zarur hollarda va boshqa dalillar bilan birga ko\u2018rib chiqqan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">U hadislarni qisqartirish orqali ularni tushunarli va amaliy jihatdan foydalanishga yaroqli shaklda jamlagan. Bu uslub ulamolar va talabalar uchun hadislarni o\u2018rganishni yengillashtirgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cSunan\u201d asarida faqat fiqhiy hukmlar bilan bog\u2018liq hadislar keltirilgani, ortiqcha tafsilotlardan tiyilganligi va mazmun jihatidan ravonlikka erishilgani uni boshqa hadis to\u2018plamlaridan ajratib turadi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud hadis ilmini rivojlantirishda yuqori ilmiy standartlarni joriy qilib, hadislar asosida fiqhiy xulosalar chiqarishda izchil yondashuvni taqdim etdi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Natijada, Abu Dovudning yondashuvi va \u201cSunan\u201d asari islom huquqiy va ilmiy merosining ajralmas qismiga aylandi. Uning ilmiy usuli va ehtiyotkorligi zamonaviy islomshunoslik tadqiqotlari uchun ham dolzarb bo\u2018lib, ulamolar uchun o\u2018rganilishi lozim bo\u2018lgan asosiy manbalardan biri sifatida qadrlanadi. Abu Dovud rohimahullohning xizmati nafaqat o\u2018z davrida, balki keyingi asrlarda ham hadis va fiqh ilmining taraqqiyotida mustahkam poydevor yaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Xulosa qilganda, Abu Dovud Sijistoniy rohimahulloh hadis ilmining yirik namoyandalaridan biri bo\u2018lib, uning \u201cSunan\u201d kitobi islom fiqhida muhim manba hisoblanadi. U hadislarni nafaqat sanad ishonchliligi, balki ularning amaliy ahamiyati va fiqhiy foydalanish imkoniyatini ham hisobga olib jamlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahulloh hadislarni tanlashda fiqhiy yondashuvni qo\u2018llagan va hadislarning faqat ahkom (hukmiy) jihatiga e\u2019tibor bergan. U mursal va zaif hadislarni mustaqil dalil sifatida qabul qilmagan, lekin boshqa ishonchli dalillar bo\u2018lmasa, ularni ma\u2019lum shartlar asosida hisobga olgan. U uzun hadislarni qisqartirish uslubini qo\u2018llagan, bu esa fiqhiy ma\u2019noni aniq tushunishga yordam bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cSunan\u201d kitobi faqat hukmiy hadislarni o\u2018z ichiga olgani bilan ajralib turadi. Abu Dovud rohimahulloh bu kitobda ortiqcha tafsilotlarga berilmay, faqat fiqhiy ahamiyatga ega hadislarni jamlagan. Shuningdek, u hadislarni isnodlarining mustahkamligi va mazmunining ravshanligi nuqtayi nazaridan tahlil qilib, eng muhimlarini tanlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Abu Dovud rohimahullohning yondashuvi hadis ilmi va fiqhiy tadqiqotlar uchun katta ahamiyat kasb etadi. Uning metodikasi hozirgi kungacha islom huquqshunosligida dolzarb bo\u2018lib, fiqhiy masalalarni yoritishda muhim manba sifatida e\u2019tirof etiladi.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Ibn Abdul Barr. Tamhid. \u2013 Bayrut: Turos as-islamiy, 2008.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Jaloloddin Suyutiy. Mirqotu as-su\u2019ud ila sunani Abi Davud. \u2013 Bayrut: Daru ibn Hazm, 2012.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Muhammad ibn Matar. Tadvin as-sunnatin nabaviyya nash\u2019atuhu va tatovuruhu. \u2013 Ar-Riyod: Daru al-hijrati, 1997.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Sulaymon ibn Ash\u2019as. Risaltu Abi Davud ila ahli Makka rif vasfi as-sunan. \u2013 Bayrut: Maktab al-islamiy, 2008.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Xalil Ahmad Saharonfuriy. \u2013 J: 1. Bazlul majhud fi halli sunani Abi Davud. \u2013 Hind: Markazu ash-Shayx Abu Hasan Nadaviy, 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Ma<\/strong><strong>h<\/strong><strong>mud ABDURAXM<\/strong><strong>O<\/strong><strong>NOV<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">O\u2018zbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi\u00a0 3-kurs doktoranti,<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hadis ilmi maktabi \u201cHadis ilmlari\u201d kafedrasi mudiri<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Islom tarixida hadis ilmi rivojida yirik muhaddislar o\u2018rni beqiyosdir. Ular nafaqat hadislarni jamlab, yozib qoldirgan, balki ularning ishonchliligi va amaliy ahamiyatini chuqur tahlil qilishga katta e\u2019tibor qaratgan. Ana shunday buyuk muhaddislardan biri Abu Dovud Sijistoniydir. U hadis ilmining yirik namoyandalaridan biri bo\u2018lib, o\u2018zining \u201cSunani Abu Dovud\u201d kitobi orqali islom fiqhida muhim manba yaratgan. Abu Dovud &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ABU DOVUDNING \u201cSUNAN\u201d ASARIDA KELGAN HADIS ATAMALARI TAHLILI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ABU DOVUDNING \u201cSUNAN\u201d ASARIDA KELGAN HADIS ATAMALARI TAHLILI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=50645&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABU DOVUDNING \u201cSUNAN\u201d ASARIDA KELGAN HADIS ATAMALARI TAHLILI - 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