{"id":49576,"date":"2026-04-29T16:53:39","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T11:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=49576"},"modified":"2026-04-29T17:03:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T12:03:23","slug":"alloma-abu-bakr-jassos-hayoti-va-ilmiy-unvonlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=49576&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ALLOMA ABU BAKR JASSOS HAYOTI VA ILMIY UNVONLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Olimning kunyasi Abu Bakr, ismi Ahmad, otasining ismi esa Ali bo\u2018lgan. Roziy uning nisbasi bo\u2018lib, Ray shahrida tug\u2018ilganini anglatadi. Ahmad ibn Ali \u201cJassos\u201d (ohak bilan ishlash va devorni oqlashga nisbat berilgan) laqabi bilan mashhur imom faqih bo\u2018lib, tarixchilar uning ismi, kunyasi va laqabi borasida yagona fikrga kela olmagan. Hanafiy mazhabiga doir manbalarda olimning ismi, kunya va laqabi turlicha qo\u2018llaniladi. Jumladan, \u201cAl-Xulosa\u201d asari muallifi \u201cDiyalar va shirkat\u201d bobida hamda \u201cAl-Hidoya\u201d muallifi Burhoniddin Marg\u2018inoniy \u201cQismat\u201d bobida, Shayx Jaloluddin o\u2018zining \u201cAl-Mug\u2018niy\u201d asarida, shuningdek, Saraxsiy, Dabusiy va Pazdaviy o\u2018z asarlarida olimni \u201cJassos\u201d laqabi bilan tilga olgan. \u201cAl-Miyzan\u201d asari muallifi \u201cAbu Bakr Jassos\u201d tarzida, ya\u2019ni kunya va laqabini birgalikda aks ettirgan. Shuningdek, ayrim hanafiy olimlar \u201cRoziy Jassos\u201d tarzida ham zikr etadi. \u201cAl-Qunya\u201d asari muallifi esa olimning kunyasi, ism va laqabini birgalikda ifodalagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shamsulaimma Saraxsiy boshqa bir o\u2018rinda \u201cAbu Bakr Jassos\u201d so\u2018zlarini ishlatgan. Ibn Najjor ham o\u2018zining \u201cAt-Tarix\u201d asarida olim haqida shunday degan: \u201cUni Jassos deb atashadi\u201d [12]. Bu ma\u2019lumotlarning barchasi \u201cAl-Javahir al-muziya\u201d asarida batafsil keltirilgan. Muallif bularni zikr qilishidan asosiy maqsadini quyidagicha izohlaydi: \u201cBularni keltirishimdan maqsad shuki, hanafiy olimlardan biri men bilan shu mavzuda bir necha bor bahslashdi. Uning ta\u2019kidlashicha, Jassos va Abu Bakr Jassos ikkisi boshqa shaxslar. U hanafiy mazhabiga doir ba\u2019zi kitoblarda \u201cBu Abu Bakr Jassos va Jassosning gapi\u201d, degan, ya\u2019ni Abu Bakr Jassos bilan Jassos so\u2018zlari \u201cva\u201d bog\u2018lovchisi bilan ajratilib, zikr qilingan iborani uchratganini aytgan. Uning dalili shu edi. Lekin bu kotibning nusxa ko\u2018chirishdagi xatosi yoki mazkur shaxs asarni o\u2018qishdagi yanglishishi xatosi ekani aniq. Bu bordagi to\u2018g\u2018ri so\u2018z men yuqorida zikr qilgan ma\u2019lumotlardir\u201d [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, Muhammad ibn Abdulboqiy Zurqoniy \u201cSharh al-Mavahib al-ladunniya\u201d asari ikkinchi faslining yettinchi bo\u2018limida olimning bobosini Husayn ismi bilan yodga olgan [1]. Manbalarda olimning otasi va bobosi hamda farzandlari haqida ma\u2019lumotlar uchramaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Jassosning ismi borasida ayrim olimlar turli fikrlar bildirgan. Jumladan, \u201cKashf az-zunun\u201d asarida \u201cAhkom al-Qur\u2019on\u201d asari muallifi Muhammad ibn Ahmad Jassos Roziy tarzida bayon qilingan. Shuningdek, Karxiyning \u201cAl-Muxtasar\u201diga yozgan sharhlarni sanaganda Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali Jassos iboralarini qo\u2018llaydi. Hoji Xalifa Jassosning \u201cUsul al-fiqh\u201d asari haqida ma\u2019lumot berayotganda esa olimni Imom Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali Jassos deb zikr qiladi. Abdulhay Laknaviy bu holga izoh berib, shunday deydi: \u201cBu xilma-xillikka qarang. Hoji Xalifa o\u2018z asarida Abu Bakr Jassosni gohida Ahmad ibn Ali, ba\u2019zan Muhammad ibn Ali va ba\u2019zan esa Muhammad ibn Ahmad ismlari bilan zikr qilgan. To\u2018g\u2018risi birinchisi (ya\u2019ni Ahmad ibn Ali)dir\u201d [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u2018zbek olimlaridan Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf esa, \u201cAbu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali Jassos\u201d deb zikr qilib o\u2018tgan\u00a0 [16].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xatib Bag\u2018dodiyning Saymariydan, u esa Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muso Xorazmiydan qilgan rivoyatiga ko\u2018ra, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali Jassos Roziy 917\/305-yilda o\u2018zi nisbat beriladigan Ray shahrida tug\u2018ilgan, 937\/325-yilgacha, ya\u2019ni 20 yoshigacha shu yerda istiqomat qilgan, so\u2018ng Bag\u2018dodga ko\u2018chib kelgan [18].<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Jassos haqida keltirilgan ma\u2019lumotlarga ko\u2018ra, u Xurosonning Ray shahridan bo\u2018lib, hayotining asosiy qismini Bag\u2018dodda o\u2018tkazgani sababli unga Roziy Bag\u2018dodiy nisbalari berilgan. Shu bois, olimning ona shahri haqida ham to\u2018xtalib o\u2018tish maqsadga muvofiqdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixiy ma\u2019lumotlarning guvohlik berishicha, qadimiy Ray shahri hozirgi Eronning Tehron shahri yaqinida joylashgan. Bugungi kunda mazkur shahar yo\u2018qolib ketgan bo\u2018lib, Tehrondan sakkiz km janubi-sharqda uning ayrim yodgorliklari saqlanib qolgan. Bu shaharga xalifa Umar ibn Xattob davrida islom dini kirib kelgan bo\u2018lib, Abbosiylar davrida Ray musulmon olamining ilmiy, savdo va sanoat markazlaridan biri hisoblangan. Umroniy bu shahar aholisi haqida shunday degan: \u201cAholi uch toifadan iborat: shofeiylar, ular ozchilikni tashkil qiladi, hanafiylar, ular nisbatan ko\u2018proq va uchinchisi shialar. Shahar aholisining asosiy qismi shialardan iborat. Qishloqlarda esa, asosan, shialar hamda oz miqdorda hanafiylar yashaydi, lekin shofeiylarni qishloqlarda uchratish mushkul. Sunniylar va shialar orasida janglar bo\u2018lib o\u2018tgan va bu janglar sunniylarning g\u2018alabasi bilan tugagan\u201d [17].<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom tarixida mazkur shahardan ko\u2018plab mashhur ilm namoyandalari yetishib chiqqan. Jumladan, tabib Abu Bakr Jassos (vaf. 912 y.), mutakallim Faxruddin Roziy (vaf.1209 y.)larni sanab o\u2018tish mumkin. Abu Sa\u2019d Sam\u2019oniy o\u2018z davrida Ray shahrida qirq kun safarda bo\u2018lib, o\u2018ttizga yaqin kishidan ma\u2019lumot olganini aytadi va ulardan Abu Abdulloh Jarir ibn Abdulhamid Roziy (vaf. 804 y.), Abu Zar\u2019a Ubaydulloh ibn Abdulkarim Roziy (vaf. 878 y.), Abul Qosim Abdulloh ibn Muhammad Roziy (vaf. 932 y.) nomlarini sanaydi [5]. Arab tarixchilari keltirgan ma\u2019lumotlarga ko\u2018ra, 314\/927-yilda Somoniylar Rayni egallaydi [13]. Shundan so\u2018ng shaharning Movarounnahr bilan har tomonlama aloqalari kengayadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u2018rta asr musulmon madaniyati Abbosiylar hukmronligining dastlabki uch asri mobaynida har jihatdan rivoj topdi. Ayniqsa, bu vaqtga kelib, adabiyot, falsafa, diniy ilmlar va tabiiy fanlar gullab-yashnadi. Iqtisodiyot va savdo birinchi navbatda, Eron, Iroq, O\u2018rta Osiyo va Misrga o\u2018xshash ko\u2018pdan beri aholi yashaydigan qadimiy mamlakatlarda keng rivojlandi. Bu davrda xalifalik hududidan tashqaridagi viloyatlar \u2013 Sharqiy Yevropaning olis o\u2018lkalari, Uzoq Sharq, Hindiston va Habashiston bilan savdo aloqalari o\u2018rnatildi. X asrda bu mamlakatlardagi siyosiy tushkunlik va ichki holatning barqaror emasligiga qaramay, moddiy va madaniy rivojlanish to\u2018xtab qolmadi. Bu jihatdan olganda shveysariyalik sharqshunos olim Adam Mes bu davrni \u201cMusulmon uyg\u2018onishi\u201d deb ataganiga qo\u2018shilish mumkin. XI asr va undan keyingi davrdagi turkiy sulolalar musulmon madaniyatining faol ta\u2019sirini boshidan kechirdi. Musulmon madaniyatiga chinakam jiddiy zarba bergan mo\u2018g\u2018ullar bir necha o\u2018n yilliklar mobaynida islom bilan ashaddiy yovlashdi va u bilan bog\u2018liq hamma narsaga qarshi turdi [7].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ilm izlash maqsadida safar qilish olim yashagan davrning o\u2018ziga xos xususiyatlaridan biri bo\u2018lgan. Oliy himmat egalari bo\u2018lgan yetuk va mashhur olimlar ham shu sifat bilan ajralib turgan. X-XII asrlarda yashab ijod qilgan atoqli olimlarning hayot tarzini kuzatar ekanmiz, ularning ilmiy safar uyushtirganiga guvoh bo\u2018lamiz. Mazkur davrda yashagan olimlar o\u2018z yurtidagi barcha ulamolardan ilm o\u2018rganish bilan cheklanmasdan, boshqa davlatlardagi taniqli shaxslarga shogird tushgan. Ular uzoq o\u2018lkalarga ilmiy safarlar uyushtirib, yangi ilmlar, olimlarning turli qo\u2018lyozma nusxalaridan istifoda etishga harakat qilgan. Odatda, bu kabi safarlar bir necha yil davom etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Jassos ham o\u2018z ilmini oshirish va zamonasining yetuk olimlaridan ta\u2019lim olish maqsadida ilmiy markaz bo\u2018lgan bir qator shaharlarga safar qilgan. Olimning ilk safari 325\/937-yili amalga oshgan. U ona yurti Ray shahridan islom dinining ilmiy-madaniy poytaxtlaridan biri bo\u2018lgan Bag\u2018dod shahriga safar qilgan. Bu davrda Bag\u2018dod mufassir, muhaddis, faqih va shu kabi ko\u2018plab olimlarni o\u2018z bag\u2018riga olgan edi. Abu Bakr Jassos ham bu olimlarning ilmidan foydalanishga astoydil bel bog\u2018laydi. Xususan, hanafiy olimlarning eng ulug\u2018laridan fiqh ilmini puxta o\u2018zlashtiradi. Bag\u2018dodda ocharchilik va qimmatchilik boshlangan 335\/947-yilda olim Ahvozga safar qiladi. Keyinchalik vaziyat iziga tushgach, yana Bag\u2018dodga qaytib keladi [9].<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Jassos Bag\u2018dodga qaytib kelgach, ustozi Abul Hasan Karxiyning ilmiy majlislarida qatnasha boshlaydi. U ustozidan hanafiy fiqhini mukammal egallab, taqvo va zohidlik borasida ham puxta ilm egallaydi. Bu esa, o\u2018z navbatida, ustoz-shogird orasidagi muhabbat va hurmatni yanada oshiradi. Abu Bakr Jassosning ilmiy ijodini kuzatar ekanmiz, uning o\u2018z ustozi Karxiyga bo\u2018lgan cheksiz hurmat va ehtiromini ko\u2018ramiz. Olimning asarlarida Abul Hasan Karxiyning ta\u2019siri yaqqol sezilib turadi. Karxiy shogirdining kelajagi porloq ekanini tushunib yetgach, uni ilm markazlaridan biri bo\u2018lgan Nishopur shahriga yuboradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Jassos ustozi Karxiyning maslahati bilan buyuk muhaddis Hokim Naysaburiy bilan birgalikda Nishopur shahriga yo\u2018l oladi. Abu Bakr Jassos Nishopurdalik paytida 340\/951-yili ustozi Karxiy vafot etadi. 344\/955-yilda Abu Bakr Jassos Bag\u2018dodga qaytib kelib, ustozining ilmiy majlislarini davom ettiradi. Karxiy vafotidan so\u2018ng uning ishlarini Abu Ali Shoshiy vaqtincha davom ettirib turgan edi. Abu Bakr Jassos Bag\u2018dodga kelgach, Abu Ali Shoshiy unga ustozining ishlarini topshiradi [9].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, Hofiz Imom Zahabiy Abu Bakr Jassosning Isfahon shahriga ham safar qilganini aytgan: \u201cAbu Bakr Jassos muhaddislardan bo\u2018lib, bir qator shaharlarga ilmiy safarlar uyushtirgan. U Nishopurda Abul Abbos Asom va uning tabaqasidagi olimlar, Bag\u2018dodda Abdulboqiy ibn Qoni\u2019 va Da\u2019laj ibn Ahmad va ularning darajasidagi olimlar, Isfahonda esa Tabaroniy va boshqa bir qator olimlar bilan uchrashgan\u201d [15]. Lekin uning Isfahon shahriga qilgan safarining aniq sanasi manbalarda ko\u2018rsatilmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tahlil va natijalar.<\/strong> Tahlil natijasida shuni aytish mumkinki, Abu Bakr Jassos ilmiy safarlardan unumli foydalangan. Uzoq o\u2018lkalarga uyushtirgan bir necha yillik ilmiy safarlari olimning hanafiy mazhabiyning yetuk faqihi sifatida tanilishiga sabab bo\u2018ldi. Tarixchilar Abu Bakr Jassosning sifatlari va shaxsiy xislatlari hamda ilmiy darajalari haqida ba\u2019zi ma\u2019lumotlarni qayd etgan. Ular Abu Bakr Jassosni quyidagi mansab va sifatlar bilan zikr qilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom.<\/strong> Bu unvon ilm va taqvoda peshqadam bo\u2018lgan allomalar uchun berilgan. Barcha muarrix va olimlar Abu Bakr Jassosning imom ekanini bir ovozdan ta\u2019kidlagan. Jumladan, Ibn Kasir ham Jassosning imom darajasidagi olim ekanini ta\u2019kidlaydi: \u201cAhmad ibn Ali Abu Bakr Jassos hanafiy mazhabi faqihi bo\u2018lib, Abu Hanifa as\u2019hoblarining imomlaridan biri sanaladi\u201d [19:221].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixchilardan Xatib Bag\u2018dodiy o\u2018z asarida Abu Bakr Jassos haqida shunday degan: \u201cU o\u2018z vaqtida as\u2019hobi ra\u2019yning imomi bo\u2018lgan\u201d [20:72].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutaaxxir olimlar Abu Bakr Jassosni ulug\u2018 imom sifatida tilga oladi. Jumladan, Taqiyuddin Izziy Hanafiy olim haqida \u201cJassos laqabi bilan tanilgan sha\u2019ni ulug\u2018 imom bo\u2018lib, hanafiy mazhabi hamda tarixga oid kitoblarda uning nomi ko\u2018p tilga olinadi\u201d, deya zikr etgan [21:412]. Abdulhay Laknaviy olimni tanishtirar ekan, uni quyidagicha ta\u2019riflagan: \u201cU Jassos nomi bilan mashhur bo\u2018lib, o\u2018z asrining sha\u2019ni, ulug\u2018 imomidir\u201d [1:28].<\/span><\/p>\n

Hujjatul islom. <\/strong>Abu Bakr Kosoniy o\u2018zining \u201cBadoi\u2019 as-sanoi\u2019\u201d asarida Abu Bakr Jassosni hujjatul islom (islom dini hujjati) deya e\u2019tirof etgan [22:77]. Bu atama noyob laqablardan bo\u2018lib, kamdan-kam olimlarga nasib etgan. Mazkur laqab so\u2018zlari va fatvolari dinda hujjat darajasida qabul qilinadigan olimga nisbatan qo\u2018llangan. Shubhasiz, hanafiy mazhabiga oid mo\u2018tabar manbalarda Abu Bakr Jassosning so\u2018zlari hujjat, ya\u2019ni so\u2018nggi xulosa sifatida keltiriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mufassir.<\/strong> Abu Bakr Jassosni mashhurlik cho\u2018qqisiga olib chiqqan asari, shubhasiz, \u201cAhkom al-Qur\u2019on\u201d kitobidir. Bu asar fiqhiy yo\u2018nalishda yozilgan tafsirlar sirasiga kiradi. Ahmad ibn Muhammad Adanaviy o\u2018zining \u201cTabaqot al-mufassiriyn\u201d asarida Abu Bakr Jassosni III\/IX asrda yashagan mufassirlar tabaqasida sanab o\u2018tgan [3:84]. Shuningdek, Doktor Muhammad Husayn Zahabiy ham Abu Bakr Jassosni faqih mufassir sifatida zikr etgan [23:295-296\/297-301].<\/span><\/p>\n

Hofiz.<\/strong> Ma\u2019lumki, hadis ilmida yetuk muhaddislarga nisbatan hofiz atamasi qo\u2018llaniladi. Hofiz deganda yuz mingta hadisni matn va isnod jihatdan to\u2018liq egallagan hamda roviylarning holati, ya\u2019ni jarh-ta\u2019dil va tarixini bilgan muhaddis tushuniladi. Muhammad ibn Abdulboqiy Zurqoniy \u201cSharh al-Mavahib al-ladunniya\u201d asari ikkinchi faslining yettinchi maqsad (bo\u2018lim)ida Abu Bakr Jassosni ta\u2019riflab, shunday degan: \u201cImom va hofiz Abu Bakr Jassos Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Husayn hanafiy mazhabi imomlaridan bo\u2018lib, Naysabur muhaddisi hisoblanadi. Ibn Uqda ham uni hofizlar qatorida sanagan\u201d [1:28].<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhaddis.<\/strong> Hadis ilmida muhaddis unvoni faqat hadis tinglash bilan cheklanmasdan, uni isbot qilish yo\u2018llarini hamda roviylarning adolati va jarh (nuqson)ini yaxshi bilgan kimsaga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Bu unvon hofiz unvonidan bir pog\u2018ona pastda turadi. Ya\u2019ni hofiz muhaddis hisoblanadi, lekin muhaddis hofiz bo\u2018lmasligi mumkin. Zurqoniyning Abu Bakr Jassosni muhaddis sifatida zikr qilganini yuqorida qayd etdik. Darhaqiqat, Abu Bakr Jassos nafaqat fiqh va tafsir ilmida, balki hadis borasida ham o\u2018ziga yarasha mavqega ega bo\u2018lgan. \u201cAl-favoid al-bahiyya\u201d asarida yozilishicha, Abu Bakr Jassos Abdulboqiy ibn Qoni\u2019 (265\/878-351\/962)dan hadis rivoyat qilgan [24:3744].<\/span><\/p>\n

Fozil.<\/strong> Bu atama ham olimlarga berilgan eng ulug\u2018 unvonlardan bo\u2018lib, fazilatli va oliyjanob ma\u2019nolarini beradi. Xayriddin Zirikliy Abu Bakr Jassos haqida yozar ekan, uni shunday ta\u2019riflaydi: \u201cAbu Bakr Jassos Ray ahlining fozil kishisidir\u201d [18:171].<\/span><\/p>\n

Faqih.<\/strong> Shubhasiz, Abu Bakr Jassos ham usul al-fiqh, ham furu\u2019 al-fiqhni mukammal egallagan yetuk olim bo\u2018lgan. Shu bois u manbalarda faqih sifatida tilga olinadi. Jumladan, Ibn Kasir ham Jassosning imom darajasidagi olim ekanini ta\u2019kidlab, uning hanafiy mazhabi faqihi ekanini \u201cHanafiy mazhabi faqihi Ahmad ibn Ali Abu Bakr Jassos\u201d iborasi bilan ifodalagan [19:221]. Abu Bakr Jassos fiqh ilmida ko\u2018proq shuhrat qozongan. Buni Xatib Bag\u2018dodiyning Jassosni faqih olim sifatida tanishtirib aytgan quyidagi so\u2018zlaridan ham bilib olishimiz mumkin: \u201cU fiqhni Abul Hasan Karxiydan o\u2018rgandi va fiqh ilmi bilan muntazam shug\u2018ullanib, bu borada rayosat \u2013 yetakchilikni qo\u2018lga kiritdi. Hatto faqihlar fiqh ilmini o\u2018rganish maqsadida uning huzuriga oqib kela boshladilar\u201d [20:72]. Shuningdek, Saymariy Abul Hasan Karxiy haqida shunday deydi: \u201cUndan keyin Bag\u2018dodda mudarrislik Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali Jassosga o\u2018tdi va undan dars olishga turli davlatlardan talabalar oqib kela boshladi\u201d [2:166; 1:28].\u00a0 \u201cTarixi Bag\u2018dod\u201d asarida: \u201cO\u2018z vaqtida as\u2019hobi ra\u2019yning imomi, zuhd va taqvo bilan mashhur bo\u2018lgan\u201d [20:72] deyilgan. Ibn Kasir: \u201cU o\u2018z davrida hanafiy mazhabining ulug\u2018i bo\u2018lgan va turli taraflardan talabalar undan fiqh o\u2018rganish uchun Bag\u2018dodga safar qilib kelar edilar\u201d [19:221], deb aytgan. Abdulhay Laknaviy shunday degan: \u201cBag\u2018dod faqihlari fiqhni Abu Bakr Jassosdan olishar edi\u201d [1:28].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mujtahid.<\/strong> Shamsuddin Zahabiy Abu Bakr Jassosni mujtahid alloma sifatida zikr qilgan [15:344]. Bu yerda mazhab ichidagi mujtahid nazarda tutilgan. Mazhabda ijtihod qiladigan olimlar tabaqasiga Abu Yusuf, Imom Muhammad va Abu Hanifaning boshqa shogirdlari kiradi. Ular ustozlari Abu Hanifa tuzib bergan qoidalar asosida dalillardan hukmlarni chiqarib olishga qodir bo\u2018lgan olimlar sanaladi. Mazkur tabaqa vakillari Abu Hanifaga ba\u2019zi far\u2019iy hukmlarda ixtilof qilsalar-da, lekin asos qoidalarda unga taqlid qiladi. Darhaqiqat, Abu Bakr Jassosning ilmiy merosi uning mazhab mujtahidlari guruhidan ekaniga dalolat qiladi. Doktor Abdulloh Nazir Ahmad o\u2018z tadqiqotida Abdulhay Laknaviyning \u201cSharh al-Jami\u2019 as-sag\u2018ir\u201dga yozgan \u201cAn-nafi\u2019 al-kabir\u201d nomli asarining muqaddimasidan iqtibos keltirib, shunday xulosa beradi: \u201cShuning uchun ham munaqqid (tanqidiy yondashuvchi) hanafiy olimlar Ibn Kamol Poshsho Hanafiyning xulosalarini qattiq tanqid ostiga oladi. Chunki u Abu Bakr Jassosni to\u2018rtinchi tabaqadagi olimlar qatorida sanab, shunday degan: \u201cBu tabaqa Abu Bakr Jassos va boshqa shu kabi muqallidlardan bo\u2018lgan taxrij sohiblari tabaqasidir. Chunki bu tabaqa olimlari ijtihod qilishga aslo qodir emaslar, ammo ular usulni yaxshi o\u2018zlashtirgani va manbalarni to\u2018liq zabt etgani bois mazhab sohibi (Abu Hanifa) yoki uning as\u2019hoblaridan rivoyat qilingan ikki ehtimolli so\u2018zlarni o\u2018z usulidagi o\u2018z qarashlari va fikrlari bilan hamda furu\u2019dagi shunga o\u2018xshash masalalarga qiyos qilish orqali bayon qilish va bu borada hukm chiqarishga qodirdirlar\u201d. Ba\u2019zi mutaaxxir hanafiy olimlar mazkur taqsimotni zaif deb hisoblaydi. Jumladan, Abdulhay Laknaviy \u201cAl-Favaid al-bahiyya\u201d muallifi \u201cAt-Ta\u2019liqot as-sunniyyaala al-favaid al-bahiyya\u201d deb nomlangan asar hoshiyasida ushbu masalaga tanqidiy yondashgan. Shuningdek, Shihob Marjoniy mazkur taqsimot olimga nisbatan hurmatsizlik ekanini ta\u2019kidlab, shunday deydi: \u201cBu \u2013 Jassosga qilingan katta zulm. Bu \u2013 uni baland martabasidan tushirish, pasaytirish va uning ilmdagi sha\u2019nini naqadar ulug\u2018ligi, fiqhda qo\u2018li uzunligi, usulda to\u2018pig\u2018i balandligi, qadamining shaxdamligi, nazar va istidlol ma\u2019rakalarida odimining mustahkamligi va zarbasining kuchliligidan ochiq-oydin g\u2018aflatda qolishdir. Jassosning asarlari va undan naql qilingan so\u2018zlarni chuqur o\u2018rgangan inson shunga amin bo\u2018ladiki, Ibn Kamol mujtahidlar qatorida sanab o\u2018tgan Shamsulaimma kabi olimlar, shuningdek, ulardan keyingi uchinchi tabaqa olimlarining barchasi Abu Bakr Jassosga muhtojdirlar. Uni shunday ulug\u2018 martabadan qanday qilib pastga tushirish mumkin?!\u201d [1:27; 22:40-41\/75-76].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana buni shu narsa ham qo\u2018llab-quvvatlaydiki, u o\u2018z asrining olimlari orasida taniqli bo\u2018lib, hatto o\u2018z vaqtida ahli ra\u2019y maktabining imomi darajasiga yetib boradi. Uning kitoblari o\u2018z vaqtida ko\u2018p ko\u2018chirilgan. Xususan, fiqh va tafsir bo\u2018yicha \u201cAhkom al-Qur\u2019on\u201d kitobining qo\u2018lyozmalari dunyoning ko\u2018plab kutubxonalariga yetib borgan. Qolaversa, ustozi Imom Karxiydan so\u2018ng uning o\u2018rniga o\u2018tirib, ilmiy majlislarni boshqarganligi ham Abu Bakr Jassosning ijtihodda mohir bo\u2018lganligidan darak beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muftiy.<\/strong> Shubhasiz, mujtahid olimga nisbatan muftiy atamasi ham qo\u2018llaniladi. Muftiy asosan, fatvo berish bilan shug\u2018ullanadi. Abu Bakr Jassos ustozi Imom Karxiy vafotidan so\u2018ng dars berish bilan bir qatorda, muftiylik maqomini ham o\u2018z qo\u2018liga oladi. Tarixchilardan Imom Zahabiy uning muftiy ekanini ta\u2019kidlagan [15:344].<\/span><\/p>\n

Iroq olimi.<\/strong> Shamsuddin Zahabiyning ta\u2019kidlashicha, Abu Bakr Jassos Iroqda juda mashhur bo\u2018lgan. Shuningdek, Amir Kotib Itqoniy bu haqda shunday degan: \u201cShayx Abu Bakr Jassos Iroq olimlarining ulug\u2018laridan sanaladi\u201d [22:77; 15:344].<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Jassosning vafot etgan sanasi haqida Saymariy shunday yozadi: \u201cShayx Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali Jassos 370 hijriy yili Zulhijja (981 yil iyun) oyida vafot etdi. Unga shayx Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muso Xorazmiy janoza namozini o\u2018qib, o\u2018z qo\u2018llari bilan qabrga qo\u2018ydi\u201d [10]. Bu yakshanba kuni yettinchi zulhijja oyida, ya\u2019ni olimning oltmish besh yoshiga to\u2018g\u2018ri kelib, shu sanada vafot etganligiga shubha yo\u2018qdir. Dafn qilingan joyi ma\u2019lum emas. Fuad Sezgin uni Bag\u2018dodda vafot etgan, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shubhasiz, biror olimning tarjimayi holi va ilmiy ijodini o\u2018rganishda uning ustozlari katta ahamiyat kasb etadi. Zero, shogirdning dunyoqarashi, aqidasi va ilmiy salohiyati ustozning o\u2018giti bilan hamohang tarzda shakllanib boradi. Yuqorida ta\u2019kidlanganidek, Abu Bakr Jassos turli yurtlarga safar qilib, u yerlardagi olimlardan ta\u2019lim olgan. Natijada, uning ilmiy dunyoqarashi, tafakkuri va ma\u2019naviy ko\u2018nikmalari kengayib, fiqh, tafsir, hadis va usul kabi fanlar bo\u2018yicha yetuk mutaxassis sifatida shakllangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimlarning tarjimayi holi va tarixga oid manbalarda Abu Bakr Jassosning faqat to\u2018qqizta ustozi tilga olinadi. Lekin Doktor Safvat Mustafo bu borada kengroq tadqiqot olib borganini ko\u2018rish mumkin. U Abu Bakr Jassosning asarlari, xususan, \u201cAhkom al-Qur\u2019on\u201d hamda \u201cAl-fusul fi al-usul\u201d nomli kitoblariga tayangan holda olimning o\u2018n beshta, \u201cSharh Muxtasar at-Tahoviy\u201d asarida ikkita hamda \u201cAl-Jami\u2019 al-kabir\u201d asarida bitta, jami o\u2018n sakkizta ustozi zikr qilinganini aniqlagan. Doktor Safvat Mustafo mazkur asarlardagi Abu Bakr Jassosning \u201cBizga hadis aytib berdi\u201d, \u201cBizga xabar berdi\u201d, \u201cBizga hikoya qilib berdi\u201d, \u201cBizga shunday dedi\u201d, \u201cBizga zikr qilib berdi\u201d kabi jumlalariga asoslangan holda uning ustozlarini aniqlashga harakat qilgan [9].<\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, Abu Bakr Jassosning ustozlarini ikki guruhga bo\u2018lib o\u2018rganish mumkin. Birinchi guruh olimlarning tarjimayi holi va tarix manbalarida ko\u2018rsatilgan ustozlari bo\u2018lib ular quyidagilar:<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Abul Hasan Ubaydulloh ibn Husayn ibn Dallol ibn Dalham Karxiy (260\/873-340\/951), Abul Husayn Umaviy (265\/878-351\/962), Abu Umar G\u02bbulom Sa\u2019lab, Abul Abbos Asom Naysoburiy (247\/861-346\/957), Abdulloh ibn Ja\u2019far ibn Foris Asfahoniy (258\/871-347\/958), Sulaymon ibn Ahmad Tabaroniy (260\/873-360\/970), Hokim Naysaburiy, Da\u2019laj ibn Ahmad Da\u2019laj Sijistoniy Bag\u2018dodiy, Abu Sahl Zujojiy, Abu Bakr Ali Forisiy, Muhammad ibn Bakr Basriy, Abdurahmon ibn Siymo, Ja\u2019far ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad Vositiy, Abul Qosim Abdulloh ibn Muhammad ibn Is\u2019hoq Marvaziy, Abu Bakr Mukram ibn Ahmad Qoziy, Qozi Abu Ja\u2019far Nasafiy, Abu Ja\u2019far Ustrushaniy kabi ko\u2018plab ustozlardan ta\u2019lim olgani haqida o\u2018z asarlarida ma\u2019lumot bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Abulvafo Abu Bakr Jassosning shogirdlari to\u2018g\u2018risida shunday fikrni bildiradi: \u201cAbu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muso Xorazmiy (vaf.1012\/403 y.), Quduriy (vaf. 1037\/428 y.) ustozi Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Yahyo ibn Mahdiy Jurjoniy (vaf.1007\/398 y.), Ibn Maslama nomi bilan mashhur Abulfaraj Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Umar (vaf. 1024\/415 y.), Abu Ja\u2019far Muhammad ibn Ahmad Nasafiy(vaf. 1023\/414 y.), Abul Husayn Muhammad ibn Ahmad Za\u2019faroniy (vaf. 1002\/393 y.) va Vosit qozisi Ismoilning otasi Abul Husayn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Toyyib Kamoriy (vaf. 1023 \/417 y.) kabi mashhur olimlar undan fiqhni o\u2018rgangan. Shuningdek, u kishining manbalarda qayd etilmagan\u00a0 bundan boshqa shogirdlari ham bor [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Jassosning hayoti va asarlari haqidagi ma\u2019lumotlar tarixiy manbalarda muxtasar tarzda keltiriladi. Masalan, Abu Sa\u2019d Sam\u2019oniy [4], Ibn Qutlubug\u2018o [14], Laknaviy [1], Qurashiy [3] va Hoja Xalifa [11], Zahabiy [15], Zirikliy [18], Alouddin Samarqandiyning \u201cTuhfat al-fuqaho\u201d, Shamsuddin Zahabiyning \u201cTazkirat al-huffoz\u201d, Ibn Kasirning \u201cAl-Bidoya\u201d, Manno Qattonning \u201cMabohis fi ulum al-Qur\u2019on\u201d, Istanbulda nashr etilgan \u201cIslom ensiklopediyasi\u201d kabi manbalar shular jumlasidan.\u00a0 Shuningdek, Abu Bakr Jassosning Imom Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniy (vaf. 804\/189 y.), Tahoviy (vaf. 933\/321 y.) kabi hanafiy mazhabiga mansub mujtahid olimlarga sharh va muxtasar tarzida bitilgan bir qancha asarlari mavjud.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Abdulhay Laknaviy. Al-Favaid al-bahiyya fi tarojim al-hanafiyya. \u2013 Misr: Dar as-sa\u2019ada, 1906.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Abu Abdulloh Saymariy. Axbor Abi Hanifa va asxabuhu. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-kitab al-arabiy, 1976.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Abu Muhammad Abdul Qodir ibn Abulvafo Muhammad ibn Muhammad Misriy Qurashiy. Al-Javohirul muziya fi tabaqotil J.1. \u2013 Haydarobod: 1913.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Abu Sa\u2019d Abdulkarim ibn Muhammad ibn Mansur Tamimiy. Kitobul J.5. \/Abdulloh Umar al-Borudiy tahriri ostida. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul fikr, 1998.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Abu Sa\u2019d Abdulkarim ibn Muhammad Sam\u2019oniy. Al-Ansob \/ Hoshiya: Muhammad. Abdulqodir. J. 3. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul kutub al-ilmiya, 1998.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Badruddin Ayniy. Al-banaya \u2013 Sharh al-Hidaya. J.11. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-kutub al-ilmiya, 2000.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Bosvort K.E. Musulmon sulolalari. \u2013T.: Fan, 2007.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Burhonuddin Marg\u2018inoniy. Al-Hidoya. J.2. \u2013 Makka: Al-maktaba at-tijariya \u2013 Mustafo Ahmad al-Boz, 1994.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Doktor Safvat Mustafo. Al-Imam Abu Bakr Jassos Jassos va manhajuh fi at-tafsir. \u2013 Qohira: Dar as-salom, 2008.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Fuad Sezgin. J.2. Tarix at-turos al-arabiy.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Hoji Xalifa. Kashfuz J.2. \u2013 Istanbul: 1941-43.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Ibn Abulvafo. Al-Javahir al-mudiyya fi tobaqot al-hanafiyya. J.1 \u2013 Haydarobod: Dirayat al-ma\u2019arif an-nizomiyya, yili ko\u2018rsatilmagan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. Ibn Asir. Al-Komil fit-tarix. J.7. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul kutub al-ilmiya, 1998.<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Qosim ibn Qutlubug\u2018o. Tojut tarojim fi tabaqot al-hanafiya. 1862.<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. Shamsuddin Muhammad ibn Ahmad Zahabiy. Siyar a\u2019lom an-nubalo. J.7. \u2013 Bayrut: Muassasatur risola, 1992.<\/span><\/li>\n
  16. Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Usul fiqh. \u2013 T.: Sharq. 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n
  17. Shihabuddin Yoqut Hamaviy. Mu\u2019jamul buldon. J.3. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor Bayrut, 1984.<\/span><\/li>\n
  18. Xayriddin Zirikliy. Al-a\u2019lam \u2013 Qomus tarojim li ashhur ar-rijal va an-nisa min al-arab va al-musta\u2019ribin va al-mustashri J.1. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-ilm li al-malayin, 1998.<\/span><\/li>\n
  19. Imoduddin Abul Fido Ismoil ibn Kasir al-Qurashiy ad-Dimashqiy. Al-bidayava an-nihaya. J.11. \u2013 Bayrut: Dar ihya at-turos al-arabiy, 1997.<\/span><\/li>\n
  20. Hofiz Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali Xatib Bag\u2018dodiy. Tarix Bag\u2018dod. J.5. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-kutub al-ilmiya, 2011.<\/span><\/li>\n
  21. Taqiyyuddin ibn Abdulqodir Tamimiy Doriy Izziy Misriy Hanafiy. At-tabaqot as-saniya fi tarojim al-hanafiyya. J.1. \u2013 Ar-Riyod: Dar ar-rifoiy, 1983.<\/span><\/li>\n
  22. Abu Bakr Jassos. Muxtasar Ixtilaf al-ulama. J.1. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-bashair al-islamiya, 1995.<\/span><\/li>\n
  23. Doktor Muhammad Husayn Zahabiy. At-tafsir va al-mufassirun. J.2. \u2013 Qohira: Ovand donesh, 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n
  24. Doktor Vahba Zuhayliy. Al-fiqh al-islamiy va adillatuh. J.5. \u2013 Damashq: Dor al-fikr, 1997.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Burxon AXMEDO<\/strong>V
    \n<\/strong>O\u2018zbekiston xalqaro islomshunoslik akademiyasi
    \nIslomshunoslik va islom sivilizatsiyasini o\u2018rganish
    \nICESCO kafedrasi katta o\u2018qituvchisi, PhD<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Olimning kunyasi Abu Bakr, ismi Ahmad, otasining ismi esa Ali bo\u2018lgan. Roziy uning nisbasi bo\u2018lib, Ray shahrida tug\u2018ilganini anglatadi. Ahmad ibn Ali \u201cJassos\u201d (ohak bilan ishlash va devorni oqlashga nisbat berilgan) laqabi bilan mashhur imom faqih bo\u2018lib, tarixchilar uning ismi, kunyasi va laqabi borasida yagona fikrga kela olmagan. Hanafiy mazhabiga doir manbalarda olimning ismi, kunya …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nALLOMA ABU BAKR JASSOS HAYOTI VA ILMIY UNVONLARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ALLOMA ABU BAKR JASSOS HAYOTI VA ILMIY UNVONLARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=49576&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ALLOMA ABU BAKR JASSOS HAYOTI VA ILMIY UNVONLARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ALLOMA ABU BAKR JASSOS HAYOTI VA ILMIY UNVONLARI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=49576&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-29T11:53:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-29T12:03:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/AbuBakrJassos.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"370\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=49576&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=49576&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ALLOMA ABU BAKR JASSOS HAYOTI VA ILMIY UNVONLARI - 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