{"id":47918,"date":"2026-01-30T10:00:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T05:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47918"},"modified":"2026-01-27T10:43:52","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T05:43:52","slug":"turkistonda-yer-va-davlat-mulki-boshqarmasi-hamda-uning-samarqand-viloyatidagi-faoliyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47918&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"TURKISTONDA YER VA DAVLAT MULKI BOSHQARMASI HAMDA UNING SAMARQAND VILOYATIDAGI FAOLIYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bugungi kunda tarix sohasini rivojlantirishga har qachongidan ko\u2018ra ko\u2018proq e\u2019tibor berilmoqda. Prezidentimiz Shavkat Mirziyoyev: \u201cMilliy tarixni milliy ruh bilan yaratish kerak. Aks holda, uning tarbiyaviy ta\u2019siri bo\u2018lmaydi. Biz yoshlarimizni tarixdan saboq olish, xulosa chiqarishga o\u2018rgatishimiz, ularni tarix ilmi, tarixiy tafakkur bilan qurollantirishimiz zarur\u201d, deya haq fikrni ilgari surgan.\u00a0 Milliy tarix milliy ruh bilan yaratilsa, uning kelajak uchun ham ijobiy ta\u2019siri kuchli bo\u2018ladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1897-1917-yillarda mamlakatimiz hududida faoliyat olib borgan Turkistonda yer va davlat mulki boshqarmasi tarixi haqida kompleks tadqiqotlar bugungi kunga qadar juda kam olib borilgan. Bu boshqarma tarixini o\u2018rganishning dolzarbligi shundaki, boshqarma faoliyati davrida Turkiston hududidagi tabiiy resurslarning barchasini ushbu tashkilot nazorat qilgan. Paxta siyosati shu tashkilot faoliyatining asosi hisoblanadi. Yangi yerlarni o\u2018zlashtirish borasidagi ishlar, sug\u2018orish masalasini hal qilish ham shu tashkilot tomonidan nazorat qilingan. Boshqa faoliyat turlari ham hisobga olinsa, bu tashkilot tarixshunosligi nihoyatda muhim ahamiyatga ega.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maqolani tayyorlash jarayonida O\u2018zbekiston Respublikasi Markaziy davlat arxivi I-7 fondi bo\u2018yicha ish olib borildi. Ushbu fondda aynan Turkistonda yer va davlat mulki boshqarmasi faoliyati jamlangan bo\u2018lib, boshqarmaning tashkil topishi,\u00a0 faoliyat jarayoni haqida batafsil ma\u2019lumot beradi. Undan tashqari, Samarqand viloyati tarixiga oid yilma-yil sharhlar va Samarqand viloyati ma\u2019lumotnomalar kitobi ushbu maqolani yaratishdagi yana bir muhim manba hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, Ya.Demidov, S.Konopka, G.Gins kabi o\u2018sha davr\u00a0 mutaxassislarining manbalarida ham ushbu boshqarma faoliyati haqida ma\u2019lumotlar yoritilgan. 1981-yil arxiv manbalari asosida tuzilgan \u201cGolodnoy step\u201d kitobi ham Turkistonni taftish qilish uchun kelgan K.Palenning to\u2018plagan materiallari, \u201cTurkestanskiye vedomosti\u201d gazetasida, \u201cDehqon\u201d jurnalidagi ma\u2019lumotlar ham tadqiqotda asosiy rol o\u2018ynaydi. Undan tashqari, H.Ziyoyev, D.Alimova, N.Qurbonova, B.Eshov, N.Abduraximova, F.Ergashev, N.Kasimov, H.Toshev, B.Ergashev, Sh.G\u2018affarov, F.Isxakov, T.Saitkulov, S.Tillaboyev, B.Nazirov, D.Yaqubova, O.Irisqulov, G.Normurodova, U.Jumayev kabilar o\u2018z tadqiqotlarida boshqarma faoliyat yuritgan davr voqeliklari haqida ma\u2019lumotlar berib o\u2018tgan. M.Jumayev, A.Mirzayev, B.Iminovlar o\u2018z maqolasida, M.Shushkova dissertatsiyasida boshqarma faoliyatining ayrim jihatlarini yoritib bergan. Lekin Turkistonda yer va davlat mulki boshqarmasi, uning Samarqand viloyatidagi faoliyatiga oid kompleks tadqiqotlar olib borilmaganligi bois ushbu mavzu ustida ishlandi. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqot jarayonida umumlashtirish, taqqoslash, tarixiylik, mikrotarixiy, qiyosiy tahlil, tarixiy-genetik metodlardan foydalanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkistonda mustamlaka tizimi faoliyatining asosiy yo\u2018nalishi tabiiy boyliklardan unumli foydalanishga qaratilgan. Tabiiy manbalar ustidan umumiy nazoratni 1897-yilda tuzilgan Dehqonchilik va davlat mulklari boshqaruvi amalga oshirar edi. U irrigatsiya, o\u2018rmon xo\u2018jaligi, tajriba qidiruv ishlari bilan shug\u2018ullanardi. Shuningdek, ushbu boshqaruv qishloq xo\u2018jaligi o\u2018quv yurtlari-gidrotexnika va gidrometriya maktablari, bog\u2018dorchilik, uzumchilik maktablari faoliyatini ham nazorat qilardi. Uning paxtachilikka doir ma\u2019lumotlari, paxta ekiluvchi umumiy maydonlar hisobi, ekinlar ahvoli, paxta tozalash va yog\u2018 zavodlari, paxta tolasi narxlari to\u2018g\u2018risida ma\u2019lumotlarni to\u2018plash va tahlil qilish borasidagi faoliyati jiddiy ahamiyatga ega edi [1:104-105].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu tashkilotning nomlanishi o\u2018zbek tilida chop etilgan turli adabiyotlarda turli nomlar bilan ataladi. Ko\u2018pchilik tarixchilar bu tashkilotni \u201cTurkistonda dehqonchilik va davlat mulki\u201d boshqarmasi ko\u2018rinishida atasa, ayrim tarixchilar bu tashkilotning nomini \u201cTurkiston ziroatchilik va davlat mulki\u201d boshqarmasi deb ataydi. Ayrim manbalarda esa \u201cTurkiston qishloq xo\u2018jaligi va davlat mulki\u201d boshqarmasi deb ataladi. Uni \u201cTurkistonda yer va davlat mulki\u201d boshqarmasi deb atagan tarixchilar ham talaygina. Aslida bu kabi nomlar bilan atashning barchasi bir ma\u2019noni anglatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu tashkilot Turkiston o\u02bblkasida davlat mulkini boshqarish bo\u02bbyicha oliy organni shakllantirish maqsadida 1897-yil 2-iyunda tasdiqlangan reja negizida tashkil etilgan. Boshqarma o\u2018z vazifalarini hududiy kengashlar, shuningdek, tuman boshliqlari va qishloq xo’jaligida yer tuzish bo\u2018limining mansabdor shaxslari orqali amalga oshirgan. Tashkilot tomonidan sug\u2018orish ishlariga texnik nazorat, qishloq xo\u2018jaligi muassasalari va qishloq xo\u2018jaligi faoliyatini nazorat qilish, o\u2018rmonchilik ishlari va qishloq xo\u2018jaligi zararkunandalariga qarshi kurash, foydali qazilmalarni qidirish uchun ruxsatnomalar berish joriy etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkistonda yer va davlat mulki boshqarmasi Turkiston Respublikasi Qishloq xo\u2018jaligi xalq komissarligining 1917-yil 23-noyabrdagi Turkiston Respublikasi Markaziy Ijroiya Qo\u2018mitasining qarori tuzilgach tugatilgan [10:116-117].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiston zaminida davlat mulklari va yerga doir deyarli barcha masalalarni hal etish bilan shug\u2018ullangan ushbu tashkilot 20 yildan ortiqroq vaqt davomida faoliyat yuritgan. Bu davr mobaynida yangi yerlarni o\u2018zlashtirish (masalan, Mirzacho\u2018l hududini o\u2018zlashtirishning kengayishi), qishloq xo\u2018jaligini suv bilan ta\u2019minlash, qishloq xo\u2018jaligi sohasini texnikalar bilan ta\u2019minlash, paxtachilik, dehqonchilikning boshqa tarmoqlari kabi o\u2018nlab sohalarni o\u2018z ichiga olgan vazifalarni amalga oshirib borgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkistonda yer va davlat mulki boshqarmasining Samarqand viloyatidagi faoliyati ham muhim ahamiyatga ega. Tarixiy nuqtayi nazardan, Samarqand zaminiga imperiya kuchlarining kirib kelishi XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmiga to\u2018g\u2018ri keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ruslar 1865-yilda Turkiston viloyatini tuzdi. Xuddi shu yili ular Toshkentni egallab olishdi. 1867-yilda ular Turkiston general-gubernatorligini tuzdi, uning poytaxti Toshkent hisoblanadi. 1868-yilda imperiya Samarqand va Buxoroni egallab, Buxoro amirligini Rossiya protektoratiga aylantirdilar [4:77].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiston general-gubernatorligi tarkibidagi Samarqand viloyati hududining umumiy maydoni haqida ma\u2019lumotlar 1912-yilga tegishli. Viloyat hududi 60597,6 kvadrat metrni tashkil etadi. Viloyat ma\u02bcmuriy jihatdan to\u02bbrt uyezdga bo\u02bblingan: Samarqand \u2013 maydoni 7751,3 kv.m. verst. Kattaqo\u2018rg\u2018on \u2013 maydoni 6997,6 kv. verst, Jizzax \u2013 maydoni 25812 kv. verst. Xo\u2018jand \u2013 maydoni 20036.7 kv. verst. Viloyatning asosiy suv manbalariga quyidagi daryolar kiradi: Sirdaryo, Zarafshon, Sangzor [5:116].<\/span><\/p>\n

Viloyat aholisi 1907-yil 1-yanvar holatiga ko\u2018ra 1 046 135 kishini tashkil etdi; shundan 166 819 kishi, ya\u2019ni 16% shaharliklar va 879 316 kishi, ya\u2019ni\u00a0 84% qishloq aholisi [9:66].<\/span><\/p>\n

Samarqand viloyatida ham boshqarma keng ko\u2018lamli tarzda faoliyat olib borgan. Jumladan, yangi yerlarni o\u2018zlashtirishda rejali ishlar olib borgan. Xususan, 1912-yilda Samarqand viloyatining bo\u2018sh yerlaridan xabardor bo\u2018lish uchun 1913-1915-yillarga mo\u2018ljallangan ish dasturi rejalashtirilgan. Shu vaqt ichida viloyatning markaziy qismida joylashgan barcha bo\u02bbsh yer maydonlari hisobga olinadi, degan taxmin bor edi. Ushbu taxminlarga ko\u2018ra, o\u2018rganilishi kerak bo\u2018lgan umumiy maydon 1\u00a0100 000 desyatina bo\u2018lib, ulardan xuddi shu taxminlarga ko\u2018ra, 1915-yilda 300 000 desyatinagacha tekshirilishi kerak edi. Biroq keyin ma\u2019lum bo\u2018ldiki, bu behisob hududga qo\u2018shimcha ravishda, ilgari ko\u2018chmanchi mintaqada joylashgan deb hisoblangan yana 386 ta o\u2018lchamli yer maydonini o\u2018rganish kerak edi [11:7].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mintaqa hududida hosildor yerlar bo\u2018lishi va yangi yerlar o\u2018zlashtirilishi amalga oshayotganiga qaramasdan mahalliy aholi yerlari juda kam edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

K.K.Palenning ma\u2019lumotlariga ko\u2018ra, tub aholining jon boshiga to\u2018g\u2018ri keluvchi sug\u2018oriladigan yer miqdori quyidagicha: Andijon uyezdida 0,7 desyatina, Marg\u2018ilon uyezdida 0,65 desyatina, Namangan uyezdida 0,5 desyatina, Qo\u2018qon uyezdida 0,5 desyatina. Xuddi shu ma\u2019lumotlarga ko\u2018ra, aholi jon boshiga: Toshkent uyezdida 1,1 desyatina, Xo\u2018jand uyezdida 1,1 desyatina, Samarqand uyezdida 0,9 desyatina, Kattaqo\u2018rg\u2018on, Jizzax va O\u2018sh uyezdlarida 0,6 desyatina yer to\u2018g\u2018ri keladi [1:107].<\/span><\/p>\n

Boshqarma faoliyati davrida Samarqand viloyatida, ayniqsa, dehqonchilik sohasida tabiiy sharoit bilan bog\u2018liq bir qancha muammolarga ham duch kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masalan, 1899-yil so\u2018ngi o\u2018n yil ichida umuman qishloq xo\u2018jaligi va dehqonchilik uchun juda og\u2018ir yil bo\u2018ldi. 1899-yilning quruq va og\u2018ir qishi, issiq va kam yomg\u02bbirli bahori, tog\u02bb daryolarining kech yoki arzimas suv bilan ta\u02bcminlanishi, tog\u02bblarda yetarli miqdorda qorlarning yo\u2018qligi va chigirtka ofati, tabiiyki, bularning barchasi tayyorgarlik jarayoniga ham salbiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdim [7:1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Undan tashqari,\u00a0 viloyatda yetishtirilayotgan paxta miqdori, paxta navlari va tabiat hodisalari bilan bog\u2018liq jarayonlar ham aynan ushbu boshqarma faoliyati tarkibiga kiradi. Xususan, uyezdlar misolida oladigan bo\u2018lsak, Kattaqo\u2018rg\u2018on uyezdida 1909-yil 13255 desyatina maydonga paxta ekilgan bo\u2018lsa, 1910-yilga kelib bu maydon 13601 desyatinani tashkil qildi. Xo\u2018jand uyezdida esa 1909-yilda 6637 desyatina yerga paxta ekilgan bo\u2018lsa, 1910-yilga kelib bu ko\u2018rsatkich biroz pastladi, ya\u2019ni 6571 desyatinani tashkil qildi. Samarqand uyezdida 1909-yilda 9901 desyatina maydonga paxta ekilgan bo\u2018lsa, 1910-yilga kelib ushbu ko\u2018rsatkichda sezilarli kamayish ro\u2018y berdi. Bu yilda uyezd dalalariga 4542 desyatina maydonga paxta chigiti qadaldi. Jizzax uyezdida 1909-yilda 476 desyatina paxta maydoni mavjud bo\u2018lgan bo\u2018lsa, keyingi yilda bu maydonlar miqdori 510 desyatinani tashkil qilgan. Umumiy hisobda Samarqand viloyati paxta dalalariga 1909-yilda 30269 desyatina maydonga chigit qadalgan bo\u2018lsa, 1910-yilga kelib bu ko\u2018rsatkich 25224 desyatinani tashkil qilgan. Shu bilan birga, paxta yetishtiruvi ham ushbu yillar solishtirmasida quyidagicha ifodalanadi: Kattaqo\u2018rg\u2018on uyezdida 1909-yil 803948 pudni ko\u2018rsatsa, 1910-yilga kelib bu raqamlar 1562832 pudni tashkil qildi. Xo\u2018jand uyezdida esa 1909-yilda 360225 pud paxta yetishtirilgan bo\u2018lsa, 1910-yilga kelib bu ko\u2018rsatkich 424705 pudni tashkil qildi. Samarqand uyezdida 1909-yilda 119260 pud\u00a0 paxta maydonlardan terib olingan bo\u2018lsa, 1910-yilga kelib bu ko\u2018rsatkichda sezilarli ko\u2018tarilish ro\u2018y berdi. Bu yilda uyezd dalalaridan 173660 pud paxta yig\u2018ishtirib olindi. Jizzax uyezdida 1909-yilda 18185 pud paxta hosili olingan bo\u2018lsa, keyingi yili 17486 pud paxta uyezd dalalaridan terib olinib, paxta xirmoni tashkil qilindi. Umumiy hisobda Samarqand viloyati paxta dalalaridan 1909-yilda 1301618 pud, 1910-yilga kelib esa 2178683 pud paxta hosili yig\u2018ishtirib olinganligi manbalardan ma\u2019lum bo\u2018ladi [8:15].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunday yilma-yil farqli holatlar ko\u2018proq tabiat injiqliklari, chigirtka galalarining paxta hosiliga qattiq zarba bergani bilan izohlanadi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkistonda yer davlat mulki boshqarmasining yana bir yirik vazifalaridan biri sug\u2018orish masalasi edi. Bu jarayonga juda katta e\u2019tibor qaratilgan.\u00a0 Hali boshqarma tashkil etilmasdan oldin, Qishloq xo\u02bbjaligi va davlat mulki vazirligidan Samarqand viloyatida 1895-yildan buyon uch nafar texnik xodimdan iborat tadqiqot guruhi ishlagan. Ular yangi yerlarni sug\u2018orish bo\u2018yicha tadqiqot ishlarini olib borgan. 1897-yilda bu partiyaning ikki texnik xodimi Mirzacho\u2018lni tekislash ishlarini olib bordi, uchinchisi esa Xo\u2018jand tumanidagi Xo\u2018jaboqirg\u2018on, Oqsuv va Shahriston daryolari hududlarida, bir vaqtlar sun\u2019iy inshootlar izlari saqlanib qolgan\u00a0 daryolarda, suv omborlari qurish maqsadida ishladi [2:58]. Mazkur ma\u2019lumot sug\u2018orish tizimi yangi yerlarni o\u2018zlashtirish bilan birgalikda izchil amalga oshirib borilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y.P.Demidov yangi yerlarni sug\u2018orish tizimi haqidagi nuqtayi nazarida quyidagi fikrlarni keltirib o\u2018tadi: \u201cYangi yerlarni sug\u2018orishning zamonaviy muammosi, ayniqsa, muhim va juda murakkab bo\u2018lib bormoqda. So\u2018nggi amaliyot bizga beradigan barcha tajribani hisobga olish uchun unga juda keng yondashish kerak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tajriba shuni ko\u2018rsatadiki, yangi yerlarni sug\u2018orish muhandislik san\u2019ati doirasidan tashqariga chiqadi va vazifaga aylanadi, uni to\u2018g\u2018ri hal qilish uchun tuproqshunos, iqtisodchi va statistik mutaxassislarni jalb qilish kerak. Tajriba shuni ko\u2018rsatadiki, sug\u2018orish qurilishi boshlanishi kerak. Faqat tuproqning barcha kimyoviy, fizik va biologik xossalari to\u2018liq o\u2018rganilganda, bo\u2018lajak tajribali ko\u2018chmanchilar kontingenti tayyorlanganda, quruvchi drenaj tarmoqlari sxemasini oxirigacha va barcha detallarda ishlab chiqqanda, sun\u2019iy suv havzalari hosil bo\u2018lishi natijasida yer osti suvlarida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo\u2018lgan o\u2018zgarishlarni hisobga olgan holda va hokazo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Misr tajribasi shuni ko\u2018rsatadiki, agar drenaj tizimi yomon yoki yetarli bo\u2018lmasa, sug\u2018orish milliy iqtisodiyot uchun qimmatga tushadi. Mirzacho\u2018l haqida ham shunday deyish mumkin\u201d [3:24-25]. Boshqarma ham buni to\u2018g\u2018ri anglagan holda sug\u2018orish masalasiga jiddiy yondashgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu bilan bir qatorda mustamlakachilarning kirib kelishi natijasida yirik paxta plantatsiyalari paydo bo\u2018la boshladi. Samarqandda shunday plantatsiya egalaridan biri Mayerkort bo\u2018lib, uning yer maydoni 200 gektarni tashkil qilgan. Sug\u2018oriladigan yerning bir bo\u2018lagi topilgan joyga ham paxta ekilgan [3:42]. Demak, Turkistonda yer va davlat mulki boshqarmasi katta sa\u2019y-harakatlar asosida mintaqa hududlarini egallash va foydalanishga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlarni dastur asosida amalga oshirgan. Ammo bu jarayonda juda ko\u2018p xato va kamchiliklarga ham yo\u2018l qo\u2018ygan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqot natijasida 1897-yilda tashkil topgan Turkistonda yer va davlat mulki boshqarmasi, uning Samarqand viloyatidagi faoliyati o\u2018rganildi. Bu tashkilot mavjud bo\u2018lgan davr oralig\u2018ida Samarqand viloyati hududida yangi yerlarni o\u2018zlashtirishga katta e\u2019tibor qaratildi. Masalan, 1912-yilda viloyatda 1\u00a0100\u00a0000 desyatina bo\u2018sh yerlar mavjudligini taxmin qilingan bo\u2018lib, ularni o\u2018rganishning keyingi yillardagi rejalari ishlab chiqilgan edi. Yoki paxta eksporti miqdori solishtirilganda, Turkistondan Rossiyaga eksport qilinayotgan tolaning miqdori ham tobora ortdi. Agar 1888-yilda Rossiyaga 873 ming pud paxta tolasi eksport qilingan bo\u2018lsa, 1913-yilga kelib bu 697 000 pudga yetdi [6:549]. Demak, ushbu boshqarma bu borada faollikni oshirganligini manbalardan ko\u2018rishimiz mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrda paxta siyosatining qo\u2018llanilishi oqibatida mahalliy aholiga nisbatan bosim va zo\u2018ravonlik holatlari har doimgidan ham yuqori bo\u2018lgan. Mahalliy aholining milliy manfaatlari hisobga olinmagan. Yangi yerlarni o\u2018zlashtirish va ko\u2018chirib keltirilganlarga yer ajratish masalasida ham shunday kamchiliklarga yo\u2018l qo\u2018yilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u0421. \u0413. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439. \u2013 \u0422., 1912.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    \u041b\u044f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u041f.\u0418. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430. \u0422-2, 4-\u0438\u0437\u0434, 1956.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 1899 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044a. \u2013 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434: \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432a, 1900.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 1910 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434: \u0411.\u0413\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u041a.\u0421\u043b\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0432. 1912.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u041a.\u041a. \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u2013 \u0421.\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433. \u0421\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1910.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  10. \n
    \u041f\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u2013 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1948.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  11. \n
    O\u2018z.RMDA: 7-fond, 1-ro\u2018yxat, 8909-ish.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Otabek ALLAYAROV<\/strong>,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    ISFT (International school of finance technology and science) instituti<\/span><\/div>\n
    Samarqand filiali assistenti<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bugungi kunda tarix sohasini rivojlantirishga har qachongidan ko\u2018ra ko\u2018proq e\u2019tibor berilmoqda. Prezidentimiz Shavkat Mirziyoyev: \u201cMilliy tarixni milliy ruh bilan yaratish kerak. Aks holda, uning tarbiyaviy ta\u2019siri bo\u2018lmaydi. Biz yoshlarimizni tarixdan saboq olish, xulosa chiqarishga o\u2018rgatishimiz, ularni tarix ilmi, tarixiy tafakkur bilan qurollantirishimiz zarur\u201d, deya haq fikrni ilgari surgan.\u00a0 Milliy tarix milliy ruh bilan yaratilsa, uning …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47919,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTURKISTONDA YER VA DAVLAT MULKI BOSHQARMASI HAMDA UNING SAMARQAND VILOYATIDAGI FAOLIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"TURKISTONDA YER VA DAVLAT MULKI BOSHQARMASI HAMDA UNING SAMARQAND VILOYATIDAGI FAOLIYATI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47918&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TURKISTONDA YER VA DAVLAT MULKI BOSHQARMASI HAMDA UNING SAMARQAND VILOYATIDAGI FAOLIYATI - 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