{"id":47901,"date":"2026-01-27T10:35:52","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T05:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47901"},"modified":"2026-01-26T17:37:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T12:37:32","slug":"jihodning-asl-ma%ca%bcno-mohiyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47901&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cJIHOD\u201dNING ASL MA\u02bcNO MOHIYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cJihod\u201d so\u02bbzi shar\u02bciy istilohda \u201cAllohning xohishini bajarishga bor kuchini sarflash, harakat qilish\u201d ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi. Bundan kelib chiqib, \u201cmujohid\u201d deb Allohning hukmlarini amalga oshirishda bor kuchini sarflaydigan kishiga aytiladi. Qo\u02bbl jihodi \u2013 qonunbuzarlikni to\u02bbxtatishga qaratilgan harakat, qalb jihodi \u2013 o\u02bbz nafsi bilan kurashish, til jihodi \u2013 yaxshilikka chaqirish va yomonlikdan qaytarish, so\u02bbz yoki qalam jihodi \u2013 diniy targ\u02bbibot va ma\u02bcrifat tarqatish harakati, dinni turli hujumlardan saqlash va hokazo. Bu ma\u02bcnoda jihod \u2013 musulmonning barchaga mumkin bo\u02bblgan va ahdga vafo qilgan, o\u02bbzi yashab turgan mamlakat qonunlariga rioya qilgan holda bajarishi lozim bo\u02bblgan shaxsiy ishi va diniy majburiyatidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJihod\u201d so\u02bbzi lug\u02bbatda inson tomonidan jamiki imkoniyatini ishga solib, harakat qilish ma\u02bcnosini anglatadi. Shundan kelib chiqqanda, musulmon odam jihod qilmoqchi bo\u02bblsa, o\u02bbzining barcha kuch-quvvat, aql-zakovati va moddiy imkoniyatini Alloh yo\u02bblida, Uning dini uchun sarflashi lozim. Alohida ta\u02bckidlash lozimki, jihod so\u02bbzi lug\u02bbatda urush ma\u02bcnosini anglatmaydi. Bu so\u02bbz arab tilida asosan \u201cqitol\u201d so\u02bbzi bilan ifodalanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbz darsini o\u02bbzlashtirish uchun barcha imkoniyatini ishga solib, harakat qilayotgan tolibi ilm mujtahid talaba deb ataladi. Binobarin, uni ilmiy jihod qilyapti, deyish mumkin. Shar\u02bciy masalalarni yechishda bor imkoniyatini ishga solgan yirik olimlar ham mujtahid deyilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jihod so\u02bbzining lug\u02bbatdagi xususiyatidan kelib chiqib, uning turi ham ko\u02bbpaygan. O\u02bbsha so\u02bbzlar ichida dushmanga qarshi jon-jahdi bilan jang qilish ham jihod deyilgan. Ammo oxirgi ma\u02bcno boshqalaridan ustun kelib, jihod deganda faqat \u201cqitol\u201d so\u02bbzi tushuniladigan bo\u02bblib qolgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloh taolo islomning dastlabki bosqichida mushriklar bilan aqidaviy tortishuv qilib turgan O\u02bbz payg\u02bbambari Muhammad alayhissalomga Furqon surasida quyidagi oyatni nozil qilgan: \u201cKofirlarga itoat etma! Ularga qarshi u <\/strong>(Qur\u02bcon) bilan katta jihod qil!\u201d <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, Qur\u02bcon bilan katta jihod qilingan. Bunda urush olib borish ma\u02bcnosi yo\u02bbqligini anglash qiyin emas. Islomda jihod, avvalo, urush emas, balki Allohning diniga so\u02bbz bilan da\u02bcvat qilish ma\u02bcnosida yuzaga kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy, Ibn Hibbon va Daylamiy rivoyat qilgan hadisda Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cJihodning afzali Alloh taoloning zotida havoi nafsingga qarshi jihod qilmog\u02bbingdir\u201d, <\/em><\/strong>deganlar.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJome\u02bcul Ahodis\u201d kitobida keltirilgan hadisda Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cKichik jihoddan katta jihodga, bandaning havoi nafsiga qarshi qiladigan jihodiga xush keldingiz!\u201d deganlar. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan insonning havoyi nafsi aytganiga kirmaslik, uni yengib, shariatga muvofiq yashash uchun jon-jahdi bilan qilgan harakati ham jihod ekani kelib chiqadi. Bunday jihod oddiy emas, balki afzal jihod hisoblanadi.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Buxoriy va boshqa muhaddislar rivoyat qilgan hadisda bu haqda quyidagicha keltirilgan: \u201cBir kishi Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam huzurlariga u zotdan jihodga izn so\u02bbrab keldi. <\/em>Shunda<\/em> u zot unga: \u201cSening ota-onang bormi?\u201d<\/strong><\/em> dedilar. \u201cHa\u201d, dedi. \u201cBas, ikkovlari<\/strong><\/em> (xizmati)da jihod qil!\u201d <\/strong>dedilar\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, ota-onaning xizmati ham jihod<\/em> bo\u02bblishi mumkin ekan.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Islomning dastlabki o\u02bbn uch yili davomida Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam va u zotning sahobalari Makkai mukarramada yuqorida zikr qilingan qitol, ya\u02bcni urush ma\u02bcnosi bo\u02bblmagan jihodni olib bordilar.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbsha davrda Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam biror bir guruh yoki firqa doirasida urush olib bormaganlar. U zotga Makkada zulm qilgan paytda ham biror marotaba sahobalariga Makka mushriklari \u2013 shahar hokimlariga qarshi qurolli kurashni boshlash to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida buyruq bermaganlar. Har holda u zotning tarafdorlari yetarli bo\u02bblib, shaharni ikkiga bo\u02bblgan holda chegaralab olishga va shu maqsadda kurash boshlashga qurbi yetar edi. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Shunga qaramay Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam ma\u02bcnaviy haqdor bo\u02bblsalar-da, isyon ko\u02bbtarmay, Alloh taoloning buyrug\u02bbiga itoat etib, shaharni tark etishni afzal ko\u02bbrganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlarning urush qilishiga mushriklar va ba\u02bczi ahli kitoblarning islomga qarshi tajovuzi sabab bo\u02bblgan. Shunday ekan, islomdagi jihodning asoslariga murojaat qilamiz. Islomda dastlab adolatsizlik va zararga qarshi kurashish, shuningdek, Quraysh mushriklari musulmonlarni o\u02bbz uyidan quvib chiqarganda va Makkada Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam va u zotning sahobalariga tajovuz kuchayganda ularni daf etish uchun urushga ruxsat berilgan edi. Musulmonlar Makkadan majburan ko\u02bbchguniga qadar urush qilishga ruxsat yo\u02bbq edi. So\u02bbng Alloh taolo mo\u02bbminlarga tajovuzni qaytarish va o\u02bbzini himoya qilish uchun jihod qilishga quyidagi oyatlar bilan izn berdi: \u201cO\u02bbzlariga qarshi urush ochganlarga ularga zulm qilingani uchun <\/strong>(urushga) izn berildi. Albatta, Alloh ularga nusrat berishga qodirdir. Ular nohaqdan, faqatgina \u201cRobbimiz Alloh\u201d deganlari uchun o\u02bbz diyorlaridan chiqarilgandirlar. Agar Alloh odamlarning ba\u02bczilarini ba\u02bczilari bilan daf qilib turmasa, uzlatgohlar, kanisalar, havralar va Allohning nomi ko\u02bbp zikr qilinadigan masjidlar vayron qilingan bo\u02bblur edi. Albatta, Alloh O\u02bbziga yordam berganlarga yordam berur. Albatta, Alloh kuchli va g\u02bbolibdir\u201d[1]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu oyatlar Aqaba bay\u02bcatidan keyin, hijrati nabaviyaning ikkinchi sanasidagina musulmonlar o\u02bbzini mudofaa qilishga tayyorlanishi uchun izn sifatida nozil bo\u02bblgan. Bundan oldin urushga ruxsat berilmagan. Chunki Alloh taolo: \u201cUlar nohaqdan, faqatgina \u201cRobbimiz Alloh\u201d deganlari uchun o\u02bbz diyorlaridan chiqarilgandirlar\u201d, <\/strong>demoqda. Bu xabar urushga berilgan izn ortidan kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu oyatlarning nozil bo\u02bblishi g\u02bbayridinlarga nisbatan tinchlik munosabatlarini bekor qilgani yo\u02bbq. Oradagi tinch aloqalar davom etavergan. Faqat tajovuzkor Quraysh kofirlari va ularga o\u02bbxshagan qavmlarga qarshi kurash olib borilgan, xolos. Tinchlik barcha musulmon bo\u02bblgan va bo\u02bblmaganlarning barchasi bilan munosabatlarning asosi bo\u02bblib qolavergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam Madinaga ko\u02bbchib kelganlaridan keyin tarixda birinchi musulmon davlatiga asos soldilar. Musulmonlar faqat ushbu davlatning doimiy rasmiy armiyasi sifatida o\u02bbziga qarshi zulm qiluvchi dushman qo\u02bbshiniga qarshi jang boshladi. Buni Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam Madina davlatining hokimiyat rahbari \u2013 oliy ulamosi va oliy qo\u02bbmondoni vazifasida bo\u02bblibgina e\u02bclon qildilar. Shu bilan birga, u zot qattiq intizomni joriy etdilar. Agar biror guruh yoki firqa musulmon davlati rahbari ruxsatisiz jihod e\u02bclon qiladigan bo\u02bblsa, uni qattiq jazo kutar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam qo\u02bbshinni jangga yuborayotganlarida, ularni faqat musulmonlarga qarshilik ko\u02bbrsatayotgan, qurol ushlagan dushman bilangina jang qilish lozimligi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida ogohlantirar edilar. Dinidan qat\u02bci nazar, dushman zaminida yashayotgan tinch aholini o\u02bbldirish man qilingan edi. Shuningdek, hayvon, ekin va daraxtlarga ziyon yetkazmaslik buyurilar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jihod haqidagi oyatlardan ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladiki, islomda jihod hukmi sharoitga qarab o\u02bbzgarib turadi. Jihod ikki qismdan iborat: talab va mudofaa. Talab jihodi hozir yo\u02bbqligiga ulamolar ijmo\u02bc qilgan. Chunki hozirgi kunda hamma davlatlar urushmaslikka kelishgan va o\u02bbzaro aloqa o\u02bbrnatib, elchixonalar ochgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mudofaa jihodi dushman musulmonlar yurtiga bostirib kirsa, himoya uchun amalga oshiriladi. Tashqaridan hujum, bosqinchilik va qaroqchilik yuz berganda o\u02bbzini himoya qilish va mudofaa urushi \u2013 jihod deyiladi. Ya\u02bcni o\u02bbzi, butun jamiyat va xalqning diniy huquqlarini himoya qilish, shuningdek, Vatani, qarindoshlari, oilasi va mulkini himoya qilish huquqi \u2013 shaxsiy huquqdir. Lekin jihod olib borish vazifasi faqat mamlakat hukumati yoki musulmonlarning ma\u02bclum qismi tomonidan (farzi kifoya) yoki alohida lozim bo\u02bblgan holatlarda har bir musulmon tomonidan (farzi ayn) majburiy vazifadir. Islom ulamolari fatvosiga muvofiq jihod e\u02bclon qilish huquqi faqat davlat rahbariga tegishli bo\u02bblib, bu, o\u02bbz navbatida, mamlakatning yuqori darajadagi olimlari bilan maslahatlashgan holda amalga oshiriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hozirgi kunda jihodga chaqirayotganlarning chaqirig\u02bbini hech qanday asosga ega emasligini anglab olish lozim. Zero, men jihod qilaman deb o\u02bbzga yurtlarda begunoh insonlarga qarshi qurol ko\u02bbtarib, ularning tinchligiga raxna solsa va qotillik qilib, halok bo\u02bblsa, shahid emas, balki, johiliyat o\u02bblimiga giriftor bo\u02bbladi. Jihodga targ\u02bbib qilayotgan guruhlar va ularga ergashayotganlar kimga xizmat qilayotganini o\u02bbzi ham bilmaydi. Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cKim noma\u02bclum bayroq ostida jang qilsa va bu yo\u02bblda o\u02bbldirilsa, demak, u johiliyat o\u02bblimini topibdi\u201d, <\/em><\/strong>deb aytganlar. Ya\u02bcni kimning qo\u02bblida ekanini, maqsadi qandayligini bilmay jang qilsa va bu yo\u02bblda halok bo\u02bblsa, u johiliyatda o\u02bblgandek bo\u02bblar ekan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jihodga chaqirayotganlarning aksariyati xalqi musulmon bo\u02bblgan o\u02bblkalarda begunoh insonlarning o\u02bbldirilayotgani holatiga shar\u02bcan ruxsat ko\u02bbzi bilan qaramoqda. Bu esa, juda achinarli holdir. Alloh taolo bir mo\u02bbmin kishini qasddan o\u02bbldirganlar jahannam azobiga duchor bo\u02bblishi haqida xabar bergan. \u201cKim bir mo\u02bbminni qasddan o\u02bbldirsa, uning jazosi jahannamdir. Unda abadiy qolur. Unga Allohning g\u02bbazabi va la\u02bcnati yog\u02bbilur. Va Alloh unga ulkan azobni tayyorlagandir\u201d *[2]<\/a>. <\/strong>Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam bu haqda \u201cDunyoning yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblib ketishi Alloh nazdida bir mo\u02bbminning nohaq o\u02bbldirilishidan ko\u02bbra yengilroqdir\u201d, <\/em><\/strong>deb bu jinoyatning oqibati qanchalar yomon ekaniga ishora qilmoqdalar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, fitnaga olib boruvchi noto\u02bbg\u02bbri fikrlar tarqalishining oldini olishimiz lozim. Ulamolar dan so\u02bbrab o\u02bbrganmasdan har kimga ishonib qolmasligimiz kerak. Fitna eshigini yopadigan ham, ulardan chiqish kalitini topadigan ham ulamolardir. Shuning uchun ahli sunna val jamoa ulamolari atrofida birlashish lozim. Musulmonlar jamoasi bilan birga bo\u02bblgandagina fitnalar zarar qilmasligi mumkin. Chunki bo\u02bbri ham podadan ayrilgan qo\u02bbyga hujum qilganidek, shayton ham musulmon jamoasidan ajralgan kishilarni fitna domiga tortadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Haj surasi, 39-40-oyatlar mazmuni<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> Niso surasi, 93-oyat<\/span><\/div>\n
Qodirxon MAHMUDOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cJihod\u201d so\u02bbzi shar\u02bciy istilohda \u201cAllohning xohishini bajarishga bor kuchini sarflash, harakat qilish\u201d ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi. Bundan kelib chiqib, \u201cmujohid\u201d deb Allohning hukmlarini amalga oshirishda bor kuchini sarflaydigan kishiga aytiladi. Qo\u02bbl jihodi \u2013 qonunbuzarlikni to\u02bbxtatishga qaratilgan harakat, qalb jihodi \u2013 o\u02bbz nafsi bilan kurashish, til jihodi \u2013 yaxshilikka chaqirish va yomonlikdan qaytarish, so\u02bbz yoki qalam jihodi \u2013 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cJIHOD\u201dNING ASL MA\u02bcNO MOHIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cJIHOD\u201dNING ASL MA\u02bcNO MOHIYATI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47901&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cJIHOD\u201dNING ASL MA\u02bcNO MOHIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cJIHOD\u201dNING ASL MA\u02bcNO MOHIYATI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47901&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-27T05:35:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-26T12:37:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/jihod270126.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"464\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47901&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47901&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"\u201cJIHOD\u201dNING ASL MA\u02bcNO MOHIYATI - 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