{"id":47055,"date":"2025-12-01T09:17:26","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T04:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=47055"},"modified":"2025-11-27T15:50:03","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T10:50:03","slug":"mazhablar-birlik-ramzi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47055&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MAZHABLAR \u2013 BIRLIK RAMZI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fiqh ilmining rivojlanishi islom dini avvalidan boshlab bosqichma-bosqich rivojlanib kelgan. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam va sahobiylar davrida asos solingan fiqh ilmi insoniyatning Alloh taolo uchun bajaradigan va jamiyatda qiladigan amallarini tartibga solish va tizimlashtirishni nazarda tutadi. Shu bois u zamon yo\u02bbsiniga qarab doimiy taraqqiyotda bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fiqh \u2013 \u201cbilmoq\u201d ma\u02bcnosini bildirib, Abu Hanifa rahmatulloh ta\u02bcbiricha, \u201cKishining o\u02bbzi uchun nima foyda va nima zarar ekanini bilmog\u02bbidir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shariat \u2013 Alloh taolo bandalariga Qur\u02bcon va sunnat orqali bajarishni farz qilgan buyruqlar yo man qilgan qaytariqlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fiqh ikki yo\u02bbnalishda bo\u02bblib, ibodat va muomola hukmlarini qamrab oladi. Fiqhul ibodat bandaning o\u02bbz Robbi bilan aloqasini nazarda tutadi. Bular – tahorat, namoz, zakot, ro\u02bbza, haj, qasam, nazr va shunga o\u02bbxshash boshqa amallar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fiqhul muomolot insonning inson va jamiyat bilan munosabatlarini ko\u02bbzda tutadigan amallar bo\u02bblib, ular o\u02bbzaro muomolotlar, jinoyat va jazolar, shaxsiy va oilaviy ishlar, savdo, shirkat, ijara, ihtikorlar va boshqa shunga o\u02bbxshash amallardan iborat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dastlabki davrda fiqhiy, aqidaviy mazhablar mavjud bo\u02bblib, ularning tarafdorlari o\u02bbrtasida har xil fikriy ziddiyatlar bo\u02bblgan. Bu mazhablar bosqichma-bosqich rivojlanib borgan. Sahobalar davrida Oisha roziyallohu anho mazhabi, Abdulloh ibn Umar mazhabi va Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud maktabi mavjud edi. Tobeinlar davrida Shayx Hammod ibn Sulaymon, Ibrohim Naxaiy, Alqama ibn Mas\u02bcud maktablari kabi mazhablar paydo bo\u02bblgan. Hijriy II asrdan IV asr yarmigacha bo\u02bblgan davrda yanada ko\u02bbp mazhablar paydo bo\u02bblgan, lekin aksariyati yo\u02bbqolib ketgan. Shunga qaramay, asta-sekin har xil kichik fiqhiy, aqidaviy maktablar soni ortib borgan. Oxir-oqibat sunniylikda 4 mazhab qolib, ular umumiy tarzda ahli sunna jamoasini tashkil etdi. Mazhab sohiblari ahli ray va ahli hadis ekani bilan farq qilgan. Hijozliklar (molikiy, shofe\u02bciy, hanbaliy mazhablari) ahli hadis, iroqliklar (hanafiy mazhabi) ahli ra\u02bcy bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mashhur mazhablar orasida ixtiloflar paydo bo\u02bblib turgan. Bu holat nafaqat mazhablar o\u02bbrtasida, balki bir mazhabning o\u02bbzida ham imomlar o\u02bbrtasida turli fikrlar yuzaga kelishiga olib kelgan. Din, shariat, Qur\u02bcon, sunnat va masdar – barchasi bir bo\u02bblsa, nima uchun mujtahidlar so\u02bbzi bir xil emas? Nima uchun ummatga yengillik maqsadida yagona bir mazhab olinmagan? Ixtiloflar dinga zarar yetkazmaydimi? Bunday so\u02bbzlarning barchasi botil bo\u02bblib, aslida mazhablar o\u02bbrtasidagi ixtiloflar \u2013 bu rahmat, ummat uchun yengillikdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avvalo, mazhablar o\u02bbrtasidagi ixtiloflarni ziddiyat va qarama-qarshilik deb tushunmaslik lozim. Bu fikrlar xilma-xilligini anglatadi. Bunday ixtiloflar faqat far\u02bciy masalalar yechimida mavjud bo\u02bblib, shariat hukmlaridagi illat va sirlarni idrok etishda, hukmlarni teran anglashda, Qur\u02bcon va hadisni fahmlashda inson aqli va tafakkurining bir-biriga muvofiq kelmasligidir. Ijtihod borasida Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cAgar hukm chiqaruvchi ijtihod qilib (masalaning yechimini) to\u02bbg\u02bbri topsa, unga ikki savob, agar xato qilsa, bir savob\u201d, deganlar. Bu hadisda ijtihodda savob va rahmat borligiga ishora berilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazhablar o\u02bbrtasidagi ixtiloflarning asosiy sabablari:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Arab tili lafzlarining ma\u02bcno jihatdan har xilligi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Roviylarning har xilligi va hadislarning faqihga yetib kelishida farqning mavjudligi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Shar\u02bciy masdarlarning bir-biridan farqi borligi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Usul (talqin) qoidalarining bir-biridan farq qilishi (nosix, mansux, hukm va g\u02bbayri hukm oyatlar).<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Qiyos bilan ijtihod qilishda mujtahidlar fikrlarining har xilligi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Muammo va masalalarning bir necha xil yechimi bo\u02bblib, ulardagi dalillarning bir-biridan og\u02bbir kelishi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Fuqaholar muayyan bir mazhabda bo\u02bblib, uni lozim tutishni vojib degan. Sharti shuki, muqtadiy imomni haq deb e\u02bctiqod qiladi va unga ishonch hosil qilib, hukm chiqaradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ahli sunna val jamoa haq deb e\u02bctirof etilgan 4 mazhab mavjud:<\/span><\/div>\n
    Hanafiy. Abu Hanifa No\u02bbmon ibn Sobit (80\/699-150\/767 ).<\/span><\/div>\n
    Molikiy. Molik ibn Anas ibn Abi Omir Asbahiy (93\/713-189\/795).<\/span><\/div>\n
    Shofe\u02bciy. Muhammad ibn Idris Shofe\u02bciy (150\/767-204\/820).<\/span><\/div>\n
    Hanbaliy. Ahmad ibn Hanbal Shayboniy (164\/780-241\/855).<\/span><\/div>\n

    Mazkur to\u02bbrt mazhab mujtahidlari islom dinining eng ustuvor vazifalari quyidagilar ekanini ta\u02bckidlagan:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Dinni muhofaza qilish.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Hayotni muhofaza qilish.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Aqlni muhofaza qilish.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Nasl va avlodni muhofaza qilish.<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Mol-mulkni muhofaza qilish.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Hanafiy mazhabining keng yoyilish omillari:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Kufa va Basra (Iroq) ilk huquqiy maktabi negizida Abu Hanifa tomonidan hanafiy mazhabiga asos solindi;<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Imom Molik Madina maktabi asosida molikiy mazhabining tamal toshini qo\u02bbydi;<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. Imom Shofe\u02bciy ijtihodni Madina maktabining namoyandasi sifatida boshlagan. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, hanafiy mazhabidan ko\u02bbp foydalangan holda, ahli hadis va ahli ray ta\u02bclimotini birlashtirib, Misrda o\u02bbz mazhabiga asos soldi;<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. Ahmad ibn Hanbal Makka maktabi negizida hanbaliy mazhabiga poydevor ko\u02bbydi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Hozirgi kunda hanafiylikning jug\u02bbrofiy hududi Markaziy Osiyo davlatlaridan boshlab, Xitoy, Afg\u02bboniston, Pokiston, Hindiston, Eron, Iroq, Yaman, Misr, Jazoir, Tunis, Marokash, Turkiya, Indoneziya va boshqa o\u02bblkalarni qamrab oladi. Ularning ayrimlarida asosiy mazhab bo\u02bblsa, ba\u02bczilarida ikkinchi yo uchinchi o\u02bbrinda turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Shimoliy Afrika mamlakatlari (Tunis, Jazoir, Marokash)da hanafiylar ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblmasa ham, bu mazhab olimlari katta izzat-hurmatga ega. Tunis poytaxtida sud ishlari hanafiy va molikiy mazhablari asosida yuritilib, sud tizimida ikkisi birga qo\u02bbllanadi. Misrlik taniqli olim Livo Hasan Sodiqning ta\u02bckidlashicha, bu yerda hanafiy mazhabining buyuk muftiylari mavjud. Ular barchaning ustidan ma\u02bcnaviy rahbarlik maqomida turib, shayxulislom deb ataladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Shuningdek, taomilga binoan \u201cZaytuna\u201d universiteti o\u02bbqituvchilarining yarmi hanafiylardan, yarmi molikiylardan iborat bo\u02bbladi. Hanafiy mazhabi tarafdorlari Hindistonda 48 million kishiga yetgan. Janubiy Amerikada 25 million hanafiy musulmon istiqomat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Hanafiy mazhabining keng tarqalishi uchun quyidagi omillar sabab bo\u02bblgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

        Birinchi omil: Ushbu mazhab o\u02bbz mohiyati, ta\u02bclimoti va qo\u02bbllagan uslubi bilan jamiyatda yuz beradigan huquqiy muammolarni hal etish imkoniyatiga ega bo\u02bblib, har qanday savolga javob topa olgan. Hanafiy mazhabi biron bir masala bo\u02bbyicha Qur\u02bcon yoki hadislarda yechim mavjud bo\u02bblmasa, qiyosga tayanib ish olib borgan va urf-odatga katta e\u02bctibor qaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ikkinchi omil: Hanafiylik ilmiy asoslarga tayangan mazhab sifatida Abbosiylar xalifaligida asosiy mazhab bo\u02bblgan. Undan keyin G\u02bbaznaviylar, Somoniylar, Qoraxoniylar, Saljuqiylar, Xorazmshohlar, Temuriylar, Boburiylar, Usmoniylar imperiyasida davlat mazhabiga aylanishi uning rivoji va tarqalishi uchun asosiy omil bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Uchinchi omil: Abu Hanifa va uning shogirdlaridan keyin bir guruh faqihlar maydonga kelib, shariat hukmlarini istinbot va istixroj qilish va ularni asrlar davomida yuz bergan hodisalarga tatbiq etish muammolariga jiddiy yondashdilar. Furu\u02bcul fiqh va fiqhning barcha tarmoqlarini birlashtiruvchi, umumiy tamoyillarga e\u02bctibor beruvchi asosiy qoidalar (usulul fiqh) yuzaga keldi hamda rivojlandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        To\u02bbrtinchi omil: Abu Hanifa shogirdlarining ko\u02bbpligi. Shayx Mahmudxon Tunkiy yozgan 60 jildlik \u201cMajma\u02bcul musannifiyn\u201d kitobida zikr etilishicha, uning shogirdlari soni 882 taga yetadi. To\u02bbrtta buyuk shogirdi (Abu Yusuf, Muhammad ibn Hasan, Zufar va Abulhasan)dan tashqari, ularning ko\u02bbpchiligi Movarounnahr, Xuroson va Eron hududlaridan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Imom A\u02bczam (Buyuk Imom) Abu Hanifa mazhab sohiblari orasida eng ulug\u02bbi, faqihi, olimi va sahobalarni ko\u02bbrib, ular bilan hamsuhbat bo\u02bblganidir. Manbalarda qayd etilishicha, Abu Hanifa yashagan davrda va undan oldinroq Kufada 10 mingdan ziyod sahoba hayot bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Mazhabboshi ko\u02bbpgina tobeinlardan ilm o\u02bbrganib, hadis rivoyat qilgan va bir qancha sahobalarni ko\u02bbrgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Yahyo ibn Muin \u201cAbu Hanifa nihoyatda ishonchli va to\u02bbg\u02bbriso\u02bbz edi\u201d degan. Abdullo ibn Muborak: \u201cAgar Alloh taolo menga Abu Hanifa bilan Sufyon Savriyning suhbatini nasib etmaganida, xuddi boshqalar kabi ilmsiz bo\u02bblib qolar edim\u201d, deb aytgan. Imom Shofe\u02bciy Abu Hanifaning yuksak ilm sohibi va aqlu zakovatda benazir bo\u02bblganini e\u02bctirof etib: \u201cAbu Hanifa agar bir ustunni oltin demoqchi bo\u02bblsa, albatta, unga hujjat keltirib, isbotlab bera olar edi\u201d, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Haq taolo dinni insonga uni qiynash yo azoblash uchun emas, balki dunyoda Allohni tanib, halol, pok va xotirjam hayot kechirishi uchun nozil qilgan. Mazkur to\u02bbrt mazhabning vujudga kelishidagi asosiy omil va maqsad ixtilof emas, balki musulmonlarga shar\u02bciy hukmlarni bajarishda yengillik yaratishdir. Ularning har birini dunyoning yetuk ulamolari \u201chaq mazhab\u201d deb tan olgan va musulmonlar o\u02bbn ikki asrdan buyon amalda qo\u02bbllab kelmoqda. To\u02bbrt mazhabdan biriga amal qilayotgan hech bir musulmon qolgan uch mazhabning ham haqligini inkor qilmaydi. Aksincha, \u201cshar\u02bciy hukmlar borasida qolgan uch mazhabdagi fatvolar to\u02bbg\u02bbri, bizniki esa to\u02bbg\u02bbriroq\u201d degan qarashda bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Mazhab, uning kelib chiqishi va ko\u02bbzlagan maqsadi haqida gapirganda, albatta, mazhablar ummat uchun Alloh taoloning rahmati ekaniga guvoh bo\u02bblamiz. Mazhabda bo\u02bblish va buyuk mujtahidlar yo\u02bbliga ergashish hozirgi davr talabidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Xulosa sifatida shuni aytish mumkinki, ajdodlarimiz qoldirgan ilmiy-ma\u02bcnaviy merosni o\u02bbrganish bevosita mazhab bilan bog\u02bbliqdir. Qolaversa, mazhab bag\u02bbrikenglik dini bo\u02bblmish islomda birlik ramzi bo\u02bblib, uni sofligicha avlodlarga yetkazishga xizmat qiluvchi va Payg\u02bbambarimiz alayhissalom sunnatlariga amal qilishning oson va mukammal yo\u02bblini o\u02bbrgatuvchi rahmoniy ta\u02bclimotdir. Xususan, hanafiylik o\u02bbzining xalqchilligi, yanada bag\u02bbrikengligi va qulayligi sababli, mana o\u02bbn uch asr bo\u02bblibdiki, xalqimiz hayotiga, turmush-tarziga chuqur singib ketgan. Diniy va milliy marosimlarimiz, ibodatlarimiz, iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy aloqalarimiz, ilmiy-ma\u02bcrifiy ishlar hanafiy mazhabi asosida amalga oshirib kelingan va hozir ham shunday bo\u02bblib qolmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Nodir QOBILOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
        Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Fiqh ilmining rivojlanishi islom dini avvalidan boshlab bosqichma-bosqich rivojlanib kelgan. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam va sahobiylar davrida asos solingan fiqh ilmi insoniyatning Alloh taolo uchun bajaradigan va jamiyatda qiladigan amallarini tartibga solish va tizimlashtirishni nazarda tutadi. Shu bois u zamon yo\u02bbsiniga qarab doimiy taraqqiyotda bo\u02bblgan. Fiqh \u2013 \u201cbilmoq\u201d ma\u02bcnosini bildirib, Abu Hanifa rahmatulloh ta\u02bcbiricha, \u201cKishining …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47056,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAZHABLAR \u2013 BIRLIK RAMZI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MAZHABLAR \u2013 BIRLIK RAMZI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47055&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAZHABLAR \u2013 BIRLIK RAMZI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MAZHABLAR \u2013 BIRLIK RAMZI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47055&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-01T04:17:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-27T10:50:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mazhabbirlik0112.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"463\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47055&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=47055&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"MAZHABLAR \u2013 BIRLIK RAMZI - 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