{"id":46981,"date":"2025-11-26T11:11:51","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T06:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=46981"},"modified":"2025-11-26T11:11:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T06:11:51","slug":"savdoda-halollik-baraka-omilidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46981&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SAVDODA HALOLLIK \u2013 BARAKA OMILIDIR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tijorat, bu haqida ko\u02bbplab so\u02bbzlar aytilgan. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, tijorat (bay\u02bcun) \u2013 savdo-sotiq ko\u02bbpchilik tomonidan e\u02bctiborga molik va ommaga mahbub mavzudir, chunki u insonga moddiy va ma\u02bcnaviy foyda keltiruvchi vositalardan biridir. Jumladan, bizning hanif dinimizda ham tijoratga juda katta e\u02bctibor berilgan. Qur\u02bconi karimda \u201ctijorat\u201d kalimasini haqiqiy va majoziy ma\u02bcnolarda o\u02bbndan ortiq o\u02bbrinda zikr qilinganligi so\u02bbzimizning yorqin ifodasidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomda tadbirkorlik va ishbilarmonlikka juda ijobiy yondashiladi. Ulardan kattagina qismi tijorat va savdo ishlaridir. Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cRizqning o\u02bbndan to\u02bbqqizi tijoratdan, o\u02bbndan biri chorvadandir\u201d[1], \u2013 deydilar. Albatta, har bir tijorat tadbirkorlikdir. Quyida islomdagi tijorat haqida qo\u02bbldan kelgancha ma\u02bclumot berishga harakat qilimiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tijoratning haqiqiy ma\u02bcnosi juda ko\u02bbpchilikka ma\u02bclum ibora, ammo uning majoziy ma\u02bcnosidan barcha tojir-savdogarlar ham xabardor emas. Majoziy ma\u02bcnoda Alloh taolo bilan bandasi o\u02bbrtasidagi tijorat nazarda tutilgan bo\u02bblib, bunda yaratgan zot \u2013 Alloh taolodan uning roziligini inson qilgan yaxshiliklari \u2013 solih amallari va ibodatlari evaziga sotib oladi va olinadigan foyda esa jannatdir. Ammo biz bu o\u02bbrinda savdoning haqiqiy ma\u02bcnosi hamda uning shar\u02bciy va milliy odoblari haqida so\u02bbz yuritmoqchimiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSavdo\u201d so\u02bbzining istilohiy ma\u02bcnosi \u201co\u02bbzaro bir narsani boshqa narsaga almashtirish\u201d ni bildiradi. Shariatda esa bir molni ikkinchi bir mol muqobiliga ikki tomonning roziligiga binoan qabul qilib olinishiga \u201cbay\u02bc\u201d, \u201ctijorat\u201d deb ataladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shariatimizda savdo bobida jamiyatga ham shaxsiyatga ham zarar keltirmaydigan talablar majmuasi mavjud bo\u02bblib, bu hukmlar zamirida nafaqat tijoratga oid, balki insoniy muomala odoblari va shartlari ham bayon qilingan. Zero, tijorat jamiyatning ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy asoslaridan biridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuning uchun bo\u02bblsa kerak, Islom dinida halol savdoni ibodatga tenglashtirilib, halol savdogarlar shahidlaru siddiqlar darajasiga ko\u02bbtarilgan. Rifoa (r.a.) dan rivoyat qilingan hadisda: Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi va sallam shunday deganlar : \u201cRostg<\/em>o\u02bb<\/em>y, omonatli tojir payg\u02bbambarlar, siddiqlar va shahidlar bilan birgadir\u201d. <\/em>Ulamolarimiz ziroatdan va sanoatdan so\u02bbng eng afzal kasb tijorat deganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kishiga foyda keltiruvchi omillardan biri bo\u02bblgan yana bir amal \u2013 sudxo\u02bbrlikni tijorat, tadbirkorlikning bir ko\u02bbrinishi deb qaramaslik lozim. Chunki, Alloh taolo savdoni halol va ribo (sudxo\u02bbrlik)ni harom qildi. Alloh taolo Qur\u02bconi karimda shunday marhamat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAlloh savdoni halol, ribo (sudxo\u02bbrlik)ni harom qildi\u201d.[2]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEy mo\u02bbminlar! Biringiz biringizning molini nohaq yo\u02bbllar bilan yemang. O\u02bbzganing molini faqat rozi bo\u02bblib savdo qilish bilan olgach yeyishingiz mumkin\u201d.[3]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Chunki savdoda foyda ko\u02bbrish bilan birga zararning ham ehtimoli bor. Savdogar foyda ko\u02bbrishga umid qilgani holda, zararni ham bo\u02bbyniga olib ish boshlaydi. Jamiyatning ehtiyojidagi tovarlarni mehnatu mashaqqat bilan olisdan ma\u02bclum makonga olib kelib, odamlarning talabini qondiradi. Eng muhimi savdoda xaridorning molni olish-olmaslik va tanlash ixtiyori bor. Ammo ribo \u2013 sudxo\u02bbrlikda unday emas. Sudxo\u02bbr mehnat qilmay boshqaning zarari va hatto xonavayron bo\u02bblishi evaziga foyda ko\u02bbradi. Shariatimizda savdoni halol va sudxo\u02bbrlikning harom qilinishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan yana bir qancha omillar borki, bularning barchasini bu o\u02bbrinda birma-bir sanab o\u02bbtishni imkoni yo\u02bbq va bu alohida bir mavzu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shariati islomda savdo xususida har ikki tomon manfaatlarini o\u02bbzida mujassam etgan talablar borki, hozirgi vaqtda bu soha vakillarining ko\u02bbpchiligi bundan bexabardir. Quyida ushbu talablarni baholi qudrat tojirlarimiz e\u02bctiboriga havola qilsak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xaridorning haqqiga xiyonat qilmaslik, ya\u02bcni o\u02bblchash va tortishni to\u02bbg\u02bbri qilish sotuvchining zimmasidagi talablardan eng birinchisi hisoblanadi. Alloh taolo aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026O\u02bblchov va tarozini adolat bilan to\u02bbla tortingiz!..\u201d[4]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Bas, o\u02bblchov va tarozini komil qilib (tortingiz) va odamlarning haqlaridan urib qolmangiz hamda yer (payg\u02bbambarlar yuborish bilan) o\u02bbnglab qo\u02bbyilganidan keyin, unda (kofirlik bilan) buzg\u02bbunchilik qilib yurmanglar\u2026.\u201d.[5]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Va o\u02bblchov va tarozidan urib kolmanglar\u2026\u201d.[6]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jumladan, Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cIsro\u201d, \u201cShuaro\u201d, \u201cAr-Rohman\u201d, \u201cMutoffifiyn\u201d suralarida, to\u02bbg\u02bbri o\u02bblchash, tarozi va xaridor haqqiga oid bir necha oyatlar kelgan.[7] Xaridor haqqining Qur\u02bcon oyatlarida takror va takror kelishi uning nechog\u02bblik muhimligiga dalolat qilishini unutmaslik lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, xaridor bilan xushmuomala bo\u02bblish, sotilayotgan molning aybi bo\u02bblsa aytib sotish, kelishilgan muddatda xaridor molni aybli sanab qaytarib olib kelsa, uni qaytarib olish ham savdodagi shariat talablari jumlasidandir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulamolarimiz iqtisodiy-moliyaviy muomalalarga oid bundan boshqa barcha dalillarni ham yaxshilab o\u02bbrganib chiqqanlaridan keyin, o\u02bbrtadagi savdo muomalaga sabab narsada quyidagi shartlar mavjud bo\u02bblishi kerak, degan xulosaga kelganlar:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Muomalaga qo\u02bbyilayotgan narsa kelishuv vaqtida mav\u00adjud bo\u02bblishi kerak. Yo\u02bbq narsani muomalaga qo\u02bbyib bo\u02bblmaydi. Masalan, yetilmagan ziroatni sotib bo\u02bblmaydi. Chunki u hali unib chiqadimi, yo\u02bbqmi, hosil beradimi, yo\u02bbqmi ma\u02bclum emas. Shunga o\u02bbxshash, onasining qornidagi hayvonni, yelindagi sutni ham sotib bo\u02bblmaydi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Muomalaga qo\u02bbyilgan narsada muomalaga qo\u02bbyuvchining shar\u02bciy (qonuniy) haqqi bo\u02bblishi kerak. Ya\u02bcni muomalaga qo\u02bbyuvchining shaxsiy mulki bo\u02bblib, saqlash va manfa\u02bcatlanish mumkin narsa bo\u02bblishi kerak. Biror kishi o\u02bbziga mulk bo\u02bblmagan narsani sota olmaydi, hadya qila olmaydi, ijaraga qo\u02bbya olmaydi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Shuningdek, shariatga ko\u02bbra saqlash va manfa\u02bcatlanish mumkin bo\u02bblmagan harom ichimliklar yoki cho\u02bbchqa, itga o\u02bbxshash narsalarni muomalaga qo\u02bbyish ham mutlaqo mumkin emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Muomalaga qo\u02bbyilgan narsani kelishuv vaqtida topshirish imkoni bo\u02bblishi kerak. Misol uchun, qochib ketgan hayvonni, havodagi qushni yoki suvdagi baliqni muomalaga qo\u02bbyib bo\u02bblmaydi. Agar qo\u02bbyilsa, muomala botil bo\u02bbladi, hisobga o\u02bbtmaydi.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Muomalaga qo\u02bbyilgan narsa muomalada ishtirok etayotgan ikki tomonga ma\u02bclum va tayinli bo\u02bblishi kerak. Ya\u02bcni, ikki tomon ham muomalaga quyilayotgan narsa\u00adni yaxshi bilishi, ko\u02bbrgan bo\u02bblishi\u00a0(agar xaridor molni ko\u02bbrmagan bo\u02bblsa, ko\u02bbrgandan keyin yoqmasa savdoni buzish ixtiyoriga ega)<\/em>, zarur ma\u02bclumotlarga ega bo\u02bblishi kerak. Agar aksi bo\u02bblsa muomala joriy bo\u02bblmaydi. Chunki bunday hollarda keyinchalik urush-janjal chiqishi ehtimoli mavjud.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Muomalaga qo\u02bbyilgan narsa pok bo\u02bblishi, najas yoki najas aralashgan bo\u02bblmasligi kerak. Ya\u02bcni, shariat yuzasidan manfaat olish imkoni berilgan narsa bo\u02bblishi kerak. Shariat harom qilgan o\u02bblimtik, qon, axlat kabi narsalarni sotib bo\u02bblmaydi. Agar shunday bo\u02bblsa, u muomala botil bo\u02bbladi, o\u02bbz kuchiga ega bo\u02bblmaydi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Savdo-sotiqning odoblari quyidagilar:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Muomalada rostgo\u02bby bo\u02bblish, ya\u02bcni savdogar sotiladigan molini haqiqiy sifatlari bilan sifatlash, uning navi, jinsi va tayyorlangan tarafi va sarf-xarajati haqidagi axborotda yolg\u02bbon ishlatmasligi lozim.<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Muomalada saxovatli bo\u02bblmoq. Sotuvchi bahoni pastroq qilishda va o\u02bblchashda saxo\u00advatli bo\u02bblishga harakat qiladi. Xaridor ham qattiq shartlarni talab qilib turib olmaydi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Jobir roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cPayg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cSotayotganda, sotib olayotganda va haqqini talab qilganda saxovatli bo\u02bblgan odamni Alloh rahm qilsin\u201d, \u2013 dedilar\u201d. (Buxoriy va Termiziy rivoyat qilishgan.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Qasam ichishdan chetda bo\u02bblish. Savdo paytida o\u02bbz gapini tasdiqlash uchun qasam ichmaslik kerak. Chunki, bu narsa barakaning qochishiga sabab bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cPayg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cQasam ichish savdo molini o\u02bbtkazuvchi, barakani o\u02bbchiruvchidir\u201d, \u2013 dedilar\u201d. Imom Buxoriy rivoyati.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Ko\u02bbp sadaqa qilish. Savdo paytida bo\u02bbladigan ba\u02bczi kamchiliklarning yuvilishi uchun tojir odam ko\u02bbproq sadaqa qilib turishi, xayr-ehsonli, muruvvatli bo\u02bblishi lozim.<\/span><\/li>\n
          2. Moliyaviy muomalalarni va qarzni yozib borish hamda guvoh keltirish. Savdogar savdo shartnomasini va qarzni yozib borishi lozim. Molni nasiyaga muomala qilganda va qarz berganda guvohlarni hozir qilish xayrli amallardan hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Alloh taolo:\u00a0\u201cEy, iymon keltirganlar! Ma\u02bclum muddatga qarz oldi -berdi qilgan vaqtingizda, uni yozib qo\u02bbying\u2026.\u201d[8],\u00a0<\/strong>degan. Jumladan, savdoning odoblari haqida olimlarimiz shunday degan ekanlar: \u201cAgar savdogarda uch xislat bo\u02bblmasa, ikki dunyoda muhtoj bo\u02bblgay, ular;<\/span><\/p>\n

            1- Tili uch narsadan: yolg\u02bbon, badxulqlik, xiyonat va qasamdan pok bo\u02bblmasa;<\/span><\/p>\n

            2- Dili uch narsadan: badxulqlik, xiyonat va hasaddan pok bo\u02bblmasa;<\/span><\/p>\n

            3- Namozi juma va jamoat namozi , ba\u02bczan ilm talab qilmoq va boshqa odamlardan ko\u02bbra Xudoyi taoloning roziligini ixtiyor qilmoq bo\u02bblmasa. \u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

            Savdo yer yuzida tinchlik va osoyishtalikni ta\u02bcminlovchi asosiy omillardan biridir. Savdo tartibiga rioya qilingan jamiyatda sotuvchi va oluvchi bir-birlarini duo qiladi, rahmat aytadi, baraka ham shunda. Savdo mol ayirboshlash bo\u02bblishi bilan birga unda kishilarning to\u02bbg\u02bbriso\u02bbzligi, va\u02bcdaga vafodorligi, omonatga sodiqligi kabi ko\u02bbplab axloqiy fazilatlar namoyon bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Payg\u02bbambarimiz sollallohu alayhi va sallam:\u201cSavdogarlik qilinglarki, xalqning rizqlari 10 qismdir, 9 qismi savdogarlikda, ya\u02bcni sotmoqda va olmoqdadir,\u201d \u2013\u00a0<\/em>dedilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ulug\u02bblardan biridan so\u02bbradilar: Obid ustunroqmi? Yo Omonatdor savdogar? Ulug\u02bb zot javob berdilar: \u201cOmonatdor savdogar ustunki, tarozuda bermoq va olmoqda shayton uni ozdirmoqqa qasd qilur, omonatdor savdogar esa uning xilofini qilib, shaytonga g\u02bbolib bo\u02bblur\u201d. Eng e\u02bctiborli tomoni Islom shariati ahkomlariga binoan, halol savdo ibodat sifatida qaraladi. U orqali bu dunyoda topilgan rizqning halol va barakali bo\u02bblishi ta\u02bcminlanadi. U dunyoda esa shunga yarasha ajru savob, maqomu martabaga erishiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Darhaqiqat, so\u02bbngi yillarda muhtaram prezidentimiz tomonidan bozor iqtisodiyotining ustivor yo\u02bbnalishlarini amalda tatbiq etish borasida ishlab chiqarish va savdo sohasidagi olib borilayotgan islohotlari, dunyo bozoridan munosib o\u02bbrin topish borasida berayotgan doimiy ko\u02bbrsatma va tavsiyalari hamda kichik biznes va tadbirkorlikka, tashqi investitsiyaga berilayotgan yuqori e\u02bctiborning o\u02bbziyoq mamlakatimizda tijorat sohasi davlat ahamiyatiga molik soha ekanligiga dalolat qiladi. Jumladan, O\u02bbzbekistonda yangi tadbirkorlik ish ini boshlovchi yoshlar uchun davlatimiz tomonidan yaratib berilgan imkoniyatlar; banklar tomonidan berilayotgan muddatsiz qarzlar hamda ularni himoya qilish uchun chiqarilayotgan qonunlar yurtimizda tijorat sohasining istiqbollarini ko\u02bbrsatib beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

            [1] Ali ibn Hisomiddin. Kanzu-l-ammol. J. 4. \u2013 Bayrut, 1989.\u00a0 B. 55. 9342-hadis.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [2] Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjima va tafsiri, Baqara surasi, 275-oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [3] Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjima va tafsiri, Niso surasi, 29 -oyat mazmuni..<\/span><\/div>\n
            [4] Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjima va tafsiri, An\u02bcom surasi, 152-oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [5] Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjima va tafsiri, A\u02bcrof surasi, 85 -oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [6] Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjima va tafsiri, Hud surasi, 84 -oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [7] Qur\u02bconi karim, Isro surasi 35-oyat, Shuaro surasi 181-182 oyatlar, Rohman surasi 7-8-9 oyatlar, Mutoffifin surasi 1-4-oyatlar. Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjima va tafsiri.<\/span><\/div>\n
            [8] Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjima va tafsiri, Baqara surasi, 282-oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
            Nodir <\/strong>QOBILOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
            Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Tijorat, bu haqida ko\u02bbplab so\u02bbzlar aytilgan. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, tijorat (bay\u02bcun) \u2013 savdo-sotiq ko\u02bbpchilik tomonidan e\u02bctiborga molik va ommaga mahbub mavzudir, chunki u insonga moddiy va ma\u02bcnaviy foyda keltiruvchi vositalardan biridir. Jumladan, bizning hanif dinimizda ham tijoratga juda katta e\u02bctibor berilgan. Qur\u02bconi karimda \u201ctijorat\u201d kalimasini haqiqiy va majoziy ma\u02bcnolarda o\u02bbndan ortiq o\u02bbrinda zikr qilinganligi so\u02bbzimizning yorqin …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4106,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSAVDODA HALOLLIK \u2013 BARAKA OMILIDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SAVDODA HALOLLIK \u2013 BARAKA OMILIDIR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46981&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SAVDODA HALOLLIK \u2013 BARAKA OMILIDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SAVDODA HALOLLIK \u2013 BARAKA OMILIDIR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46981&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-26T06:11:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/halollik2611.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"371\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46981&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46981&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"SAVDODA HALOLLIK \u2013 BARAKA OMILIDIR - 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