{"id":46939,"date":"2025-11-27T09:41:21","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T04:41:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=46939"},"modified":"2025-11-25T11:31:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T06:31:48","slug":"mazhabga-ergashish-sunnat-mazhabsizlik-bid%ca%bcatdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46939&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MAZHABGA ERGASHISH SUNNAT, MAZHABSIZLIK BID\u02bcATDIR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fatvo berishni Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalomning o\u02bbzlari boshlab berganlar. U zot ochiq-oydin vahiyga suyanib, Alloh taolo nomidan fatvo berganlar. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning fatvolari islom fiqhining Qur\u02bconi karimdan keyingi asosiy manbasi bo\u02bblib qolgan. U zot sahobalariga fatvo berish, ijtihod qilish va qiyosdan foydalanish yo\u02bbllarini amaliy jihatdan ko\u02bbrsatib berganlar. Sahobalar roziyallohu anhum Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalomdan eshitgan hadislarga amal qilib, fatvo berish va ijtihod qilish yo\u02bbllarini o\u02bbrgangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulafoi roshidin to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bbldagi xalifalar davrining dastlabki yillarida fiqh xalifa bilan faqih sahobalar kengashi o\u02bbrtasidagi sho\u02bbro kengashga asoslangan. Sahobalar o\u02bbrtasida fikrlar xilma-xilligi yuzaga kelgan vaziyatlarda xalifa ularning qarashlaridan birini ma\u02bcqul ko\u02bbrib, amalga tatbiq etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hanafiy faqihlar ta\u02bckidlashicha[1]<\/a>, sahobalarning mujtahidlari qirqtadan oshmagan. Jumhur ulamolarga ko\u02bbra, ularning soni juda ko\u02bbpchilikni tashkil qilgan. Zero, sahobalar uch xil darajada bo\u02bblgan: ko\u02bbp fatvo bergan yetti nafar sahoba; ulardan kamroq fatvo bergan yigirmaga yaqin faqih sahoba; juda oz fatvo bergan bir yuz yigirma nafar sahoba[2]<\/a>. Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalom bilan zamondosh bo\u02bblgan sahobalarning ko\u02bbpchiligi u zotdan eshitgan yoki amallarida guvohi bo\u02bblgan sunnatlarni rivoyat qilish bilan kifoyalangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Usmon roziyallohu anhu davrida fath qilingan yurtlar hisobidan islom hududi kengaygach, sahobalar odamlarga dinni o\u02bbrgatish maqsadida Makka, Madina, Kufa, Basra, Shom, Misr kabi asosiy shaharlarga tarqalgan. Mujtahidlik darajasiga yetgan ayrim sahobalar o\u02bbzi bilgan sunnatga asoslanib fatvo bergan, lekin ularning aksariyati sunnatni rivoyat qilish bilan kifoyalangan. Binobarin, fiqhiy mazhablarning kelib chiqishi va rivojlanishida sahobalar ta\u02bcsiri katta bo\u02bblgan. Chunki bu mazhablar fiqh va fatvoni Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalomdan o\u02bbrgangan sahobalardan meros qolgan fiqhga asoslangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahobalar istiqomat qilgan shaharlar kesimida so\u02bbz yuritadigan bo\u02bblsak, birinchi navbatda, Kufa shahrini tilga olish mumkin. Chunki u fathdan so\u02bbng musulmonlar barpo etgan islomiy shahar bo\u02bblgan. Juda ko\u02bbp sahobalar u yerni o\u02bbziga vatan tutgan. Ibrohim Naxaiy: \u201c(Rizvon) daraxti ostida Rasulullohga bay\u02bcat qilgan sahobalardan uch yuztasi va Badr jangida ishtirok etgan sahobalardan yetmishtasi Kufaga kelib yashagan\u201d[3]<\/a>, deydi. Kufani vatan tutgan sahobalarning mujtahidlaridan eng mashhurlari Ali ibn Abu Tolib va Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhumo bo\u02bblgan. Ular Kufa faqihlarining birinchi tabaqasi hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ali va Ibn Mas\u02bcud eng mashhur shogirdlaridan iborat ikkinchi tabaqa faqihlari quyidagilardir[4]<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Alqama ibn Qays (vaf.61\/681). Tobein. Madiniy u haqda: \u201cIbn Mas\u02bcudning eng ilmli shogirdi Alqamadir\u201d[5]<\/a>, degan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Masruq ibn Ajda\u02bc (vaf.62\/682). Faqih tobein. Hadis roviylaridan biri. U Qozi Shurayhdan ko\u02bbra faqihroq bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Qozi Shurayh Kindiy (vaf.78\/697). Tobein. Umar ibn Xattob Kufaning qoziligini unga topshirgan. Undan keyingi xalifalar ham uni shu lavozimda qoldirgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Horis ibn Abdulloh Hamadoniy (vaf.65\/685). Tobein. U Ali roziyallohu anhudan ko\u02bbp rivoyat qilgani uchun \u201cAli roziyallohu anhuning roviysi\u201d deb atalgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Abdulloh ibn Hubayb Sulamiy (vaf.74\/693). Tobein. Kufaning qiroat ustozi. U Qur\u02bconni Ali, Usmon, Ubay ibn Ka\u02bcb, Zayd va Ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhumdan o\u02bbtkazib olgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Birgina Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhuning shogirdlari soni to\u02bbrt ming nafarga yetgan va ularning barchasi tobeinlarning kattalaridir. Imom Saraxsiyning yozishicha: \u201cU Kufada ekan, uning qo\u02bblida to\u02bbrt ming nafar shogirdi ta\u02bclim olgan. Hatto Ali roziyallohu anhu Kufaga kelganda, Ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhu shogirdlari bilan birga, uni kutib olishga chiqqani, ular esa, chor tarafni to\u02bbldirib yuborgani aytiladi. Ali roziyallohu anhu ularni ko\u02bbrgach, \u201cBu shahar ilm va fiqh bilan limmo-lim bo\u02bblibdi\u201d, degan\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kufalik faqihlarning uchinchi tabaqasiga kelsak, ular fiqhni ikkinchi tabaqa vakillaridan o\u02bbrgangan eng mashhur faqihlardan iboratdir:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ibrohim Naxaiy (vaf.96\/715). Tobein. Fiqh va hadis ilmining buyuk imomi. Kufaliklar fiqhi ungacha yetib kelgan. Dehlaviyning yozishicha, \u201cUning mazhabi aslida Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcudning fatvolari va Ali roziyallohu anhuning hukmlariga, kufalik qozilardan Shurayh va undan boshqalarning fatvolari va chiqargan hukmlariga asoslangan. U o\u02bbsha narsalardan Alloh muyassar qilganicha bo\u02bblgan qismini to\u02bbplagan. Ulardan so\u02bbng xuddi madinaliklar Madina ahlidan keyin qilgan ishlarni qilgan. Ya\u02bcni ular singari u ham ijtihod qilgan, fiqhiy masalalarga doir har bir mavzu uchun alohida bob tuzgan\u201d[7]<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Sha\u02bcbiy (vaf.100\/719). Tobein. Hadis ilmida buyuk imom.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Kufalik faqihlarning to\u02bbrtinchi tabaqasiga kelsak, ular uchinchi tabaqadagi faqihlardan ilm olgan eng mashhur faqihlardir:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Hammod ibn Abu Sulaymon (vaf.120\/738). Kufaning faqihi va olimi. Ilmni Ibrohim Naxaiydan o\u02bbrgangan.<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Sulaymon ibn Mehron A\u02bcmash(vaf.147\/764). Uz davrida kufaliklarning muhaddisi bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kufalik faqihlarning beshinchi tabaqasiga kelsak, ularning mashhurlari quyidagilardir:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Sufyon Savriy (vaf.161\/778). Mashhur mazhab imomi. Uning mazhabi Bag\u02bbdod, Fors va Xurosonning ayrim hududlarida tarqalgan. Zuhd ahlining imomi Bishr Hofiy Savriyning mazhabida bo\u02bblgan. Lekin XI asrga kelib, uning mazhabi yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblib ketgan. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, Sufyon Savriyning ko\u02bbplab fiqhiy qarashlari bir qator manbalarda tarqoq holda saqlanib qolgan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Abu Hanifa Nu\u02bcmon ibn Sobit (vaf.150\/787). Kufaliklarning fiqhdagi mashhur imomi. Imom Shofe\u02bciy: \u201cKim fiqhga sho\u02bbng\u02bbimoqchi bo\u02bblsa, bas, u Abu Hanifaga qaramdir\u201d[8]<\/a>, degan. Imom Abu Hanifaning qo\u02bblida ko\u02bbplab shogirdlar tahsil olgan. Ularning mashhurlari Abu Yusuf Ya\u02bcqub ibn Ibrohim (vaf.182\/798) va Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniy (vaf.189\/805)dir. Abu Yusuf xalifa Mahdiy davrida Bag\u02bbdod qozisi bo\u02bblgan. Imom Muhammad esa asarlar yozish va dars berish bilan dong taratgan. Hanafiylik mazhabi Abu Hanifa va ikki shogirdining ilmiy qarashlariga asoslangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Kufaliklar Kufaga kelib, yashab qolgan sahobalar rivoyat qilgan hadislar va ularning mujtahidlari, jumladan, Ali va Ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhumoga oid fiqhiy qarashlarni avloddan-avlodga saqlab qolgan. Keyinchalik yangi paydo bo\u02bblgan ikkilamchi masalalarni ularga qo\u02bbshishgan. Kufalik olimlarning fiqhi Abu Hanifaga qadar ana shu tarzda yetib kelgan. Imom Zahabiyning aytishicha: \u201cKufaning eng faqihi Ali va Ibn Mas\u02bcuddir. Ularning eng faqih shogirdi Alqama, uning eng faqih shogirdi Ibrohim, uning eng faqih shogirdi Hammod va uning eng faqih shogirdi Abu Hanifadir\u201d[9]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dehlaviy bunday yozadi: \u201cAbu Hanifa roziyallohu anhu ularga (kufaliklarga) Ibrohim va uning tengqurlarining mazhabini (ushlashni) lozim qilib qo\u02bbydi. Uz mazhabiga ko\u02bbra hukm chiqarishda sha\u02bcni ulug\u02bb, bu yo\u02bbnalishda teran fikrli, far\u02bciy masalalarga o\u02bbzini urgan kishi bo\u02bblgan. Aytganlarimiz haqiqatligini bilmoqchi bo\u02bblsangiz, Muhammad rahimahullohning \u201cKitabul osor\u201di, Abdurazzoqning \u201cJome\u02bc\u201dsi, Abu Bakr ibn Abu Shaybaning \u201cMusannaf\u201didan Ibrohim (Naxaiy)ning qarashlarini alohida terib olib, uning mazhabi bilan taqqoslashingiz mumkin. Ana shunda juda oz o\u02bbrinlarda undan farq qilishini ko\u02bbrasiz. O\u02bbsha oz qarashlar ham kufalik faqihlar ilgari surgan qarashlar dan chetga chiqmaydi[10]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Buyuk sahoba Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud hayoti va faoliyatini hamda uning hanafiy fiqhiga ta\u02bcsirini o\u02bbrgangan olimlarning xulosa berishicha, uning fiqhiy qarashlari hanafiylarning fiqhiy masalalardagi qarashlaridan 91 foizini tashkil qiladi[11]<\/a>. Bu shundan dalolat beradiki, hanafiylik mazhabi Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhu maktabining haqiqiy merosxo\u02bbridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Darhaqiqat, Qur\u02bconi karim bizga qadar mutavotir yo\u02bbl orqali yetib kelgan. Sunnat ham bizgacha o\u02bbzining sanadlari bilan yetib kelgan. Shunga o\u02bbxshab, fiqh ham bizgacha fiqhiy mazhablar orqali yetib kelgan. Qiroat va rivoyat yo\u02bbllari mutavotir bo\u02bblmagan biror oyat, sanadi bo\u02bblmagan biror sunnat mavjud bo\u02bblmagani kabi islom fiqhining fiqhiy mazhablarsiz mavjud bo\u02bblishi ham amri maholdir. Chunki uni shu paytga qadar saqlab qolgan, avloddan-avlodga yetkazib bergan, asarlar holiga keltirgan, ijtihodning asosiy qonun-qoidalarini ishlab chiqqan narsa bu o\u02bbsha mazhablardir.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Xulosa o\u02bbrnida aytish mumkinki, to\u02bbrt fiqhiy mazhablar Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallam va salafi solihlardan iborat mujtahid imomlarning fiqhiy qarashlaridir. Ayrim kimsalar ularni barbod qilishga, musulmonlarning ularga nisbatan ishonchini yo\u02bbqotishga urinmoqda. Yer yuzida bunday fitna-fasodni tarqatishga urinayotgan shaxslar bizni Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam va salafi solihlardan meros qolgan haqiqiy sunnatga muvofiq fiqhdan mahrum qilib, o\u02bbrniga o\u02bbzining bid\u02bcat fikhini tiqishtirmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

          [1]<\/a> Kamoliddin ibn Humom Sevasiy. Fathul Qadir. J.3.\u00a0 Dorul fikr.\u00a0 B.470<\/span><\/div>\n
          [2]<\/a> Ibn Hajar Asqaloniy. Alisoba fi tamyizis sahoba. J. 1.\u00a0 Bayrut: Dorul kutubil ilmiya, 1994,\u00a0 B.166<\/span><\/div>\n
          [3]<\/a> Ibn Sa\u02bcd. Attabaqotul kubro. J.6.\u00a0 Bayrut: Dorul kutubil ilmiya, 1990.\u00a0 B.89.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [4]<\/a> Saloh Muhammad Abulhoj. Almadxalul mufassal lil fiqhil hanafiy.\u00a0 Ummon: Dorul Foruq, 2015.\u00a0 B.105109.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [5]<\/a> Shamsiddin Zahabiy. Siyaru a\u02bclomin nubaloi. J.5.\u00a0 Qohira: Dorul hadis, 2006.\u00a0 B.17.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [6]<\/a> Shamsul aimma Saraxsiy. AlMabsut. J.16.\u00a0 Bayrut: Dorul ma\u02bcrifa, 1993.\u00a0 B.68<\/span><\/div>\n
          [7]<\/a> Ahmad ibn Abdurahim Dehlaviy. Alinsof fi bayani asbobil ixtilof.\u00a0 Bayrut: Dorun nafois, 1984.\u00a0 B.32.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [8]<\/a> Abu Is\u02bchoq Sheroziy. Tabaqotul fuqaho. Dorur roidil arabiy, Bayrut:<\/span><\/div>\n
          [9]<\/a> Siyaru a\u02bclomin nubalo. J.5.\u00a0 B.531.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [10]<\/a> Alinsof fi bayan asbobil ixtilof.\u00a0 B.39.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [11]<\/a> Ahmad Muhammad Hasson. Sahoba Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud va uning hanafiy fiqhiga ta\u02bcsiri, magistrlik dissertatsiyasi. Islomiy ilmlar universiteti, hanafiy fiqhi fakulteti, 2021. B.544.<\/span><\/div>\n
          Alouddin Ne\u02bcmatov,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
          Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Fatvo berishni Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalomning o\u02bbzlari boshlab berganlar. U zot ochiq-oydin vahiyga suyanib, Alloh taolo nomidan fatvo berganlar. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning fatvolari islom fiqhining Qur\u02bconi karimdan keyingi asosiy manbasi bo\u02bblib qolgan. U zot sahobalariga fatvo berish, ijtihod qilish va qiyosdan foydalanish yo\u02bbllarini amaliy jihatdan ko\u02bbrsatib berganlar. Sahobalar roziyallohu anhum Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalomdan eshitgan hadislarga amal qilib, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46940,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAZHABGA ERGASHISH SUNNAT, MAZHABSIZLIK BID\u02bcATDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MAZHABGA ERGASHISH SUNNAT, MAZHABSIZLIK BID\u02bcATDIR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46939&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAZHABGA ERGASHISH SUNNAT, MAZHABSIZLIK BID\u02bcATDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MAZHABGA ERGASHISH SUNNAT, MAZHABSIZLIK BID\u02bcATDIR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46939&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-27T04:41:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-25T06:31:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mazhabga2711.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"462\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46939&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=46939&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"MAZHABGA ERGASHISH SUNNAT, MAZHABSIZLIK BID\u02bcATDIR - 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