{"id":44480,"date":"2025-08-11T11:11:01","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T06:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=44480"},"modified":"2025-08-11T11:14:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T06:14:12","slug":"xx-asr-so%ca%bbngida-markaziy-osiyoda-diniy-mutaassiblikning-oldini-olish-yuzasidan-ko%ca%bbrilgan-choralar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=44480&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"XX ASR SO\u02bbNGIDA MARKAZIY OSIYODA DINIY MUTAASSIBLIKNING OLDINI OLISH YUZASIDAN KO\u02bbRILGAN CHORALAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Markaziy Osiyoda islom dinining qayta tiklanishi va musulmonlarning siyosiy faol qismi o\u02bbrtasida shakllangan mutaassiblik SSSR parchalanganidan so\u02bbng mintaqa davlatlaridagi siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va diniy muammolar fonida o\u02bbzining cho\u02bbqqisiga yetdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Markaziy Osiyo respublikalarining mustaqillikka erishishi Moskva tomonidan to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri byudjet yordamining tugashini anglatardi. Bu esa 1991-yilda ulkan iqtisodiy muammolarni keltirib chiqardi hamda fuqarolik boshqaruvi va ijtimoiy ta\u02bcminotning aksariyat sohalariga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi. Natijada, sanoat ishlab chiqarishi keskin pasaydi, boshqaruv va intellektual elitaning keng ko\u02bblamli emigratsiyasi vujudga keldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sobiq ittifoq respublikalari ichida Qirg\u02bbiziston va Tojikiston eng qashshoq resurs, zaif infratuzilmaga ega davlatlar sifatida keskin iqtisodiy tanazzulga uchradi. Bu holat Tojikistondagi fuqarolar urushi tufayli yanada ayanchli holga keldi.\u00a0 Mazkur jarayonlarda O\u02bbzbekiston, Turkmaniston va Qozog\u02bbiston Respublikalarining iqtisodi qishloq xo\u02bbjaligi, paxta yetishtirish malakasi hamda tabiiy resurslar qazib olish hisobiga kamroq zarar ko\u02bbrdi [6:2-3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagi holatlar sababli XX asrning 90-yillarida O\u02bbzbekiston, Qozog\u02bbiston, Qirg\u02bbiziston, Tojikiston va Turkmaniston Respublikalari rasmiylarining kun tartibida jamiyatni ma\u02bcnaviy yuksaltirish, davlat va din o\u02bbrtasidagi munosabatlarni tartibga solish, radikal va ekstremistik g\u02bboyalar tarqalishining oldini olish masalalari o\u02bbrin olmadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahalliy huquqni muhofaza qilish va adliya idoralarida esa diniy xavfsizlikni ta\u02bcminlashda tajriba va ko\u02bbnikmalarning yetishmasligi, diniy ulamolar o\u02bbrtasida birdamlikning yo\u02bbqligi va turli yot g\u02bboyalarga nisbatan javob berishga tayyor emasligi jamiyatda diniy-ijtimoiy muammolarning urchishiga hamda aholi orasida turli mutaassib g\u02bboyalarning keng tarqalishiga olib keldi [5:38-50].<\/span><\/p>\n

Sovet davridagi ayrim tahlilchilar Ittifoqning parchalanishiga \u201cislom radikalizmi\u201d sabab bo\u02bblishini bashorat qilib, yashirin diniy faollik kommunistik boshqaruv izdoshlariga qarshi chiqish uchun paydo bo\u02bblganini ta\u02bckidlashgan edi [1:7].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sovet Ittifoqi mutaxassislarining bu kabi qarashlari ularning dinga bo\u02bblgan ateistik munosabati, dinga xavf sifatida qarashi va qo\u02bbrquvlar natijasida shakllangan taxminlar o\u02bbzini oqlamadi. SSSRning parchalanishida radikal dindorlarning roli sezilmadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biroq XX asrning oxiriga kelib, Sovet Ittifoqi davrida vujudga kelgan diniy mutaassiblikning radikallashuvi Markaziy Osiyodagi diniy-ijtimoiy va siyosiy vaziyatni beqarorlashtiruvchi asosiy omillardan biri bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrga kelib diniy mutaassib shaxslar aholi orasida o\u02bbz g\u02bboyalarini keng targ\u02bbib etish va dindorlarda o\u02bbzlariga nisbatan ijobiy munosabatni shakllantirishda rasmiy ulamolarni obro\u02bbsizlantirish \u201cuslubidan unumli\u201d foydalandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

XX asrning 90-yillarida Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusufning \u201cO\u02bbrta Osiyo va Qozog\u02bbiston musulmonlari idorasi\u201d muftiy lavozimiga tayinlanishi va u tomonidan 1989-1992-yillar davomida olib borilgan islohotlar (asosan hajga boruvchilarni saralash, xorijdan xayriya qilingan Qur\u02bconi karim savdosi va kadrlar almashinuvi) ayrim eski tuzum tarafdori bo\u02bblgan shaxslar tomonidan qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlanmadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston, Tojikiston va Qirg\u02bbizistondan bo\u02bblgan mazkur shaxslarning o\u02bbz manfaatlarini himoya qilishga bo\u02bblgan urinishlaridan mutaassib toifalar va ayrim siyosiy kuchlar yangi shakllanayotgan jamiyatlarda turli ixtilof, nizo va notinchlik keltirib chiqarish kabi maqsadlari yo\u02bblida foydalandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jumladan, \u201cO\u02bbrta Osiyo va Qozog\u02bbiston musulmonlari idorasi\u201d tomonidan namozxonlar o\u02bbrtasida turli ixtilof va tushunmovchiliklarni kelib chiqishining oldini olish maqsadida chiqarilgan masjidlarda ibodatlarni Imomi A\u02bczam mazhabida olib borish borasida berilgan fatvo soxta salafiylik g\u02bboyalari tarafdori bo\u02bblgan shaxslar tomonidan musulmonlar orasini bo\u02bblish, namozxonlar o\u02bbrtasida ixtilof chiqarish va mazhabparastlik sifatida talqin qilindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muftiy Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf boshchiligidagi ulamolarni esa namoz o\u02bbqimaydigan, masjidga kelmaydigan va turli gunohlarga mukkasidan ketgan shaxslarni hidoyatga chorlash o\u02bbrniga masjidga kelayotgan insonlarni qaysi mazhabda namoz o\u02bbqishini muhokama qilishda, namozxonlarni masjid va dindan bezdirishda ayblashdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta\u02bckidlash joizki, bugungi kunda ham rasmiy diniy soha vakillariga nisbatan yuqoridagi kabi ayblovlar shaklan biroz o\u02bbzgargan, ammo mazmunan o\u02bbsha-o\u02bbsha holda davom etmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aholida islom dini haqidagi bilimlarning kamligi, mintaqadan tashqaridagi siyosiy faollik va munozaralar haqida ma\u02bclumotlar yetishmasligi xorijiy musulmon davlatlardan kelgan ayrim da\u02bcvatchilarning o\u02bbz qarashlarini mahalliy aholiga singdirishi uchun qulay fursat bo\u02bbldi. Natijada, mazkur muammolar \u201cO\u02bbrta Osiyo va Qozog\u02bbiston musulmonlari idorasi\u201d parchalanishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Bu esa, o\u02bbz navbatida, Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlarining har birida o\u02bbziga xos bo\u02bblgan islom dinining tarqalishiga, 1991-yildan keyin Qirg\u02bbiziston, Qozog\u02bbiston, Tojikiston va O\u02bbzbekistonda maqsadlari \u201cislomiy xalifalik\u201dni tuzish orqali davlatlarning milliy chegaralarini tugatishni nazarda tutadigan siyosiy partiya va guruhlar tashkil etila boshlashiga olib keldi. Ushbu jarayonlarda ishtirok etmagan Markaziy Osiyoning yagona mamlakati Turkmaniston Respublikasi bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Juma Namangoniy (Juma Xojiyev) va Tohir Yo\u02bbldosh (Tohir Yo\u02bbldoshev) tomonidan asos solingan \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston Islom Harakati (O\u02bbIH)\u201d[1]<\/a> Markaziy Osiyodagi asosiy va eng faol harakatlardan biri bo\u02bbldi. Said Abdullo Nuriy boshchiligidagi \u201cTojikiston islom tiklanish partiyasi (TITP)\u201d ham ana shunday harakatlardan hisoblandi. Mazkur jarayonlarda \u201cAkromiylar\u201d[2]<\/a>, \u201cHizb ut-Tahrir\u201d[3]<\/a> va \u201cNurchilik\u201d[4]<\/a> kabi ekstremistik tashkilotlar hamda \u201cBarlaviylar\u201d, \u201cTablig\u02bb jamoati\u201d kabi soxta salafiylik va soxta tariqatchilarning sa\u02bcy-harakatlari natijasida jamiyatda diniy mutaassib g\u02bboyalar tarqaldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mintaqadagi respublikalar tomonidan mustaqillikning dastlabki yillaridagi siyosiy, iqtisodiy muammolar hal etilgach, diniy fanatizmning oldini olish maqsadida davlat va din o\u02bbrtasidagi munosabatlar tartibga solindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

XX asrning 90-yillari o\u02bbrtalariga kelib Markaziy Osiyo respublikalarining aksariyati bozor iqtisodiyotiga asoslangan, dunyoviy xarakterga ega bo\u02bblgan, demokratik tamoyillar asosidagi o\u02bbzining taraqqiyot yo\u02bblini belgilab oldi va bu o\u02bbzining bosh qomusi bo\u02bblgan konstitutsiyalarda referendumlar orqali belgilab qo\u02bbyildi [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, Markaziy Osiyo respublikalarida turli din va millat vakillari istiqomat qilar edi. Jamiyatda barqarorlikni saqlash uchun birinchi navbatda ularning huquq va majburiyatlarini belgilash, \u201cdin va e\u02bctiqod erkinligi\u201dni ta\u02bcminlash qonuniy asosi yaratildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mintaqa davlatlari vijdon erkinligining huquqiy asoslarini ta\u02bcminlash va ularni tartibga solish orqali jamiyatda diniy mutaassiblikning oldini olish bo\u02bbyicha olib borgan islohotlari va yuqoridagi kabi qonunlari inson huquqlari bo\u02bbyicha xalqaro tashkilotlar tomonidan xalqaro\u00a0 standartlarga mos kelmasligi aytilib, e\u02bctiroz bildirib kelinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta\u02bckidlash joizki, bu kabi e\u02bctirozlarning ayrimlari o\u02bbrinli bo\u02bblsa-da, aksariyat mulohaza va tavsiyalarda Markaziy Osiyoda xalqlarning mentaliteti, ularning milliy urf-odatlari, mintaqadagi diniy-ijtimoiy vaziyatga salbiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatayotgan xavflar va muammolarni hamda mazkur erkinlikning o\u02bbziga xos bo\u02bblgan mintaqa xalqlari orasida yoyilishi ortidan kelib chiqadigan salbiy holatlar inobatga olinmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Markaziy Osiyo respublikalarining din va jamiyatda diniy mutaassiblikning oldini olish borasidagi siyosati 1999-yil 16-fevral kuni Toshkent shahrida ro\u02bby bergan terroristik harakatlar, 2000-yilda Surxondaryo viloyatining Sarosiyo va Uzun tumanlariga terrorchilarning bostirib kirishi hamda 1999-2000-yillarda Qirg\u02bbiziston Respublikasining Botken viloyatida sodir bo\u02bblgan voqealar [3:206] dan so\u02bbng o\u02bbzgardi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur voqealar Markaziy Osiyoda diniy mutaassiblik, ekstremizm va terrorizmga qarshi kurash siyosatida ayrim kamchiliklar mavjudligini ochib berdi va mutaxassislar o\u02bbrtasida ma\u02bclum kelishmovchiliklar paydo bo\u02bblishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Ba\u02bczi mutaxassislar diniy tashkilotlar va missionerlar faoliyati ustidan nazoratni kuchaytirish zarur deb hisoblasa, boshqalari zo\u02bbravonlik usullari, ayniqsa, e\u02bctiqod erkinligi tamoyilini cheklash hech qachon ijobiy natijaga olib kelmasligi borasidagi qarashlarni ilgari surdi [4:15-17].<\/span><\/p>\n

Jumladan, O.Moldaliyev \u201cMintaqaviy barqarorlik va xavfsizlikni mustahkamlash uchun fuqarolarga mintaqa mamlakatlari konstitutsiyalarida nazarda tutilgan barcha huquq va erkinliklarning, shu jumladan, diniy huquqlarning kafolatlarini izchil ta\u02bcminlash zarur\u201d deya ta\u02bckidladi [7:103-109].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutaxassislarning bu kabi xulosalarga kelishiga Markaziy Osiyo respublikalarining jamiyatdagi diniy muammolarni bartaraf etish borasida\u00a0 diniy sohadagi yagona konsepsiyasi va tajribasi yo\u02bbqligi asos bo\u02bbldi. Shu sababli, yuqoridagi ekstremistik va terroristik harakatlarning ro\u02bby berishi ortidan mintaqa davlatlarining diniy sohadagi siyosati o\u02bbzgarib ketdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, mintaqada diniy fanatizm ta\u02bcsiriga tushgan shaxslar faoliyatiga qonuniy chora ko\u02bbrilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, mutaassib shaxslar va ularning oila a\u02bczolarini reabilitatsiya qilish bo\u02bbyicha chora-tadbirlar amalga oshirilmadi. Bu esa javobgarlikka tortilgan shaxslarning yaqinlarida ham davlat va jamiyatdan norozilik kayfiyatining shakllanishiga, aholi orasida mutaassiblik g\u02bboyalarining ildiz otishi uchun qulay sharoitning yaralishiga olib keldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa o\u02bbrnida aytish mumkinki, diniy mutaassiblikning oldi olishda birinchi navbatda fuqarolarning huquq va majburiyatlarni davlat tomonidan kafolatlanishi va ta\u02bcminlanishi muhim omillardan biri bo\u02bblib xizmat qiladi. Fuqarolarning qonuniy huquq va erkinliklari to\u02bbliq ta\u02bcminlangan jamiyatlarda aholida davlat va jamiyatga nisbatan norozilik kayfiyati shakllanmaydi va daxldorlik hissi kuchli bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO\u02bbYXATI:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    \n
  1. Alexander Bennigsen and Marie Broxup, The Islamic Threat to the Soviet State (New York: St. Martin\u02bbs Press, 1985), as cited in ICG Asia report, No. 14 \u201cCentral Asia: Islamist Mobilisation and Regional Security\u201d 1 March 2001.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Bushkov V.I., Mikulskiy D.V. Anatomiya grajdanskoy voyn\u044b v Tadjikistane (Etno-sotsialn\u044bye protsess\u044b i politicheskaya borba, 1992-1995) \/ red. G. Gubareva. \u2014 M.: Institut Prakticheskogo Vostokovedeniya, 1996.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Goibnazarov Sh. Islam otvergayet terror. \u2013 Toshkent: Niso nashryot va matbaa uyi, 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Djalilov Z. Analiz sovremenn\u044bx religiozn\u044bx protsessov sentralnoaziatskimi issledovatelyami: kratkiy obzor \/\/ Innovatsii v nauke. \u2013 2017. \u2013 \u211617 (73).<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Zhiltsov S.S., Slisovskiy D.E., Shulenina N.V., Markova E.A. Shaping national Identities in Central Asian countries: results, problems, prospects. Central Asia and the Caucasus. 2018; 19 (1).<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. ICG Asia Report, Incubators of Conflict: Central Asia\u02bbs localised poverty and social unrest, 8 June, 2001.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Moldaliyev O. Islamizm i mejdunarodn\u044by terrorizm: ugroza islama ili ugroza islamu? \/\/ Sentralnaya Aziya i Kavkaz. \u2013 2002. \u2013 \u21163 (21).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    \u00a0<\/strong>[1]<\/a> O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Sudining 2016 yil 26 sentyabrdagi qarori bilan O\u02bbzbekiston hududida faoliyati ta\u02bcqiqlangan.<\/span><\/div>\n
    [2]<\/a> O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Sudining 2016-yil 26-sentyabrdagi qarori bilan O\u02bbzbekiston hududida faoliyati ta\u02bcqiqlangan.<\/span><\/div>\n
    [3]<\/a> O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Sudining 2016-yil 26-sentyabrdagi qarori bilan O\u02bbzbekiston hududida faoliyati ta\u02bcqiqlangan.<\/span><\/div>\n
    [4]<\/a> O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Sudining 2016-yil 26-sentyabrdagi qarori bilan O\u02bbzbekiston hududida faoliyati ta\u02bcqiqlangan.<\/span><\/div>\n
    B<\/strong>ahodir DAMINOV <\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Din ishlari bo\u02bbyicha qo\u02bbmita Axborot-tahlil <\/em>va targ\u02bbibot ishlarini tashkil etish <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
    boshqarmasi bosh mutaxassisi<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Markaziy Osiyoda islom dinining qayta tiklanishi va musulmonlarning siyosiy faol qismi o\u02bbrtasida shakllangan mutaassiblik SSSR parchalanganidan so\u02bbng mintaqa davlatlaridagi siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va diniy muammolar fonida o\u02bbzining cho\u02bbqqisiga yetdi. Markaziy Osiyo respublikalarining mustaqillikka erishishi Moskva tomonidan to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri byudjet yordamining tugashini anglatardi. Bu esa 1991-yilda ulkan iqtisodiy muammolarni keltirib chiqardi hamda fuqarolik boshqaruvi va ijtimoiy ta\u02bcminotning aksariyat …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nXX ASR SO\u02bbNGIDA MARKAZIY OSIYODA DINIY MUTAASSIBLIKNING OLDINI OLISH YUZASIDAN KO\u02bbRILGAN CHORALAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"XX ASR SO\u02bbNGIDA MARKAZIY OSIYODA DINIY MUTAASSIBLIKNING OLDINI OLISH YUZASIDAN KO\u02bbRILGAN CHORALAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=44480&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"XX ASR SO\u02bbNGIDA MARKAZIY OSIYODA DINIY MUTAASSIBLIKNING OLDINI OLISH YUZASIDAN KO\u02bbRILGAN CHORALAR - 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