{"id":44373,"date":"2025-08-06T09:48:13","date_gmt":"2025-08-06T04:48:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=44373"},"modified":"2025-08-06T09:48:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T04:48:31","slug":"alisher-navoiy-sharq-renessansining-ulkan-namoyandasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=44373&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ALISHER NAVOIY \u2013 SHARQ RENESSANSINING ULKAN NAMOYANDASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzbek xalqining ulug\u02bb shoiri va mutafakkiri Alisher Navoiy jahon adabiyotining buyuk namoyandalaridan biridir. Uning nomi va merosi Gomer va Dante, Ro\u02bbdakiy va Firdavsiy, Nizomiy va Shota Rustaveli, Sa\u02bcdiy va Jomiy, Shekspir va Balzak, Pushkin va Tolstoy, Rabindranat Tagor va Lu Sin kabi ulkan so\u02bbz san\u02bcatkorlarining nomi va merosidek o\u02bblmasdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adabiyotshunos, shuningdek, navoiyshunos olim Natan Mallayev Navoiyning yaxshi niyat va orzulari asrlar osha bashariyatga xizmat qilayotganini qayd etgan, ya\u02bcni Navoiy: \u201cUmidim uldurki va xayolimg\u02bba andoq kelurki, so\u02bbzim martabasi avjdan quyi enmagay va bu yozgan asarlarimning tantanasi a\u02bclo darajadan o\u02bbzga yerni yoqtirmagay\u201d degan edi. Navoiy yanglishmadi. Uning orzulari ayniqsa, bizning zamonda ro\u02bbyobga chiqdi [14:400].<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher Navoiy \u2013 Sharq Renessansining yirik namoyandasi sifatida jahon sivilizatsiyasi tarixida, ayniqsa, turkiyzabon xalqlar madaniy va ma\u02bcnaviy hayotining rivojida alohida o\u02bbrin tutadi. U o\u02bbz asarlarida ma\u02bcnaviy poklik, xalqsevarlik va ma\u02bcrifatparvarlikni kuylab, avlodlarga katta adabiy-falsafiy va ilmiy meros qoldirdi. Navoiyning jamiyat taraqqiyoti, shaxs kamoloti bilan bog\u02bbliq fikr va mulohazalari qadimgi dunyo faylasuflari g\u02bboyalari bilan hamohangdir. Navoiy ijodining bosh xususiyatlaridan biri, so\u02bbzsiz, kishilar o\u02bbrtasidagi mehr-muhabbat, o\u02bbzaro hurmat, bag\u02bbrikenglik va ezgulikning markaziy o\u02bbringa qo\u02bbyilishidir. Navoiy butun ongli hayotini turkiy xalqlarning nufuzini, milliy g\u02bburur va milliy o\u02bbziga xosligini qayta tiklashga sarflagan buyuk vatanparvardir. Navoiy tufayli dunyo xalqlari turkona madaniyat va ma\u02bcnaviyatga alohida ehtirom ko\u02bbrsata boshlagan. Hazrat Navoiy o\u02bbz hayotini xalqimiz ilm-fani va san\u02bcatini rivojlantirishga, mamlakat ravnaqi, xalq va millatning tinch-totuv yashashi hamda davlat qudratini mustahkamlashga bag\u02bbishladi. Sulton Husayn Boyqaro ul zotni \u201cmamlakat ustuni, davlat tayanchi\u201d deb bejiz atamagan [3:499]. Navoiydagi bag\u02bbrikenglik, adolatlilik, donolik, siyosatdonlik va fuqarolarga g\u02bbamxo\u02bbrlik fazilatlari sultonga davlatni adolatli boshqarishda yaqindan yordam bergan. Shuning uchun ham sulton Navoiyni do\u02bbst sifatida benihoya ulug\u02bbladi va qadrladi. Har qanday sharoitda ham uni yonidan uzoqlashtirmaslikka harakat qildi. Ularning birga bo\u02bblishi davlatni mustahkamlash, adolat o\u02bbrnatish, har sohada, jumladan, til, madaniyat, san\u02bcat, ilm-fan sohalarini rivojlantirish bilan birga, davlatning mudofaa qudrati, xalqaro obro\u02bb-e\u02bctiborini oshirishga xizmat qildi. Hazrat Navoiy garchi hayotining mazmunini ijod qilishda deb bilsa ham, davlat va xalq manfaatini o\u02bbylab, xalq osudaligi yo\u02bblida sulton yonida turib muhim davlat ishlarini bajardi. Navoiy Amiri kabir \u2013 bosh vazir sifatida uzoq yillar davlat boshqaruvining eng muhim va nozik bo\u02bbg\u02bbinlarida, sud \u2013 adliya, ichki ishlar, soliq tizimi, tashqi diplomatik aloqalar, ichki nizolar, chegara muammolari, umumxalq yig\u02bbinlari va tadbirlarida davlat va xalq manfaatlarini uyg\u02bbunlashtirdi va himoya qildi. Navoiy davlat xizmatini mansab va obro\u02bb emas, balki millat qadriyatlarini tiklash va butun dunyoga tan oldirishdek ulkan vazifani amalga oshirish uchun bir imkoniyat va vosita deb bildi [17:3-4].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBoburnoma\u201ddan: \u201cFarg\u02bbona viloyati beshinchi iqlimdindur… Yetti pora qasabasi bor. Besh Sayhun suyining janubi tarafida, ikki shimol jonibida, Janubiy tarafidagi qasabalar: bir \u2013 Andijondurkim, vasatta voqe\u02bc bo\u02bblibdur, Farg\u02bbona viloyatining poytaxtidur… eli turkdur. Shahar va bozorida turkiy bilmas kishi yo\u02bbqtur. Elining lafzi qalam bila rostdur. Ani uchunkim, Mir Alisher Navoiyning musannofoti, bovujudikim Hirotda nash\u02bcu namo topibdur, bu til biladur\u201d . \u201cAlisherbek naziri yo\u02bbq kishi edi. Turkiy til bila to she\u02bcr aytibdurlar, hech kim oncha ko\u02bbp va xo\u02bbb aytqon emas\u201d [10:214].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xuroson va Movarounnahr tarixida \u201cTemur va temuriylar davri\u201d deb ataladigan davr\u00a0 Navoiyning tahsin va g\u02bbururini uyg\u02bbotar edi, chunki bu davr \u201cturk ulusi\u201d zodagonlarining hokimiyat boshiga kelishi va milliy madaniyat hamda adabiyotining taraqqiyoti davri ham bo\u02bbldi. Zotan, Xuroson va Movarounnahrning bu davr tarixi genial shoirning bunyodga kelishiga zamin hozirlagan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navoiy tug\u02bbilgan yili Temurning olamdan o\u02bbtganiga 35-yil to\u02bblgan edi. Bu yillar ichida (1369-1405-yillar orasida) esa \u201cTemur davlati\u201d deb atalmish katta imperiya ham vujudga kelib, ham parchalanib ketgan edi [11:20].<\/span><\/p>\n

XV asr jahon ma\u02bcnaviyatining buyuk siymosi Nizomiddin Mir Alisher Navoiy hijriy 844-yil ramazon oyining 17-kuni (1441-yil 9-fevral)da Hirotda tug\u02bbilgan. Hirot shahri XV asr birinchi yarmida Sohibqiron Amir Temur asos solgan ulug\u02bb saltanatning ikkinchi poytaxti, Temurning kenja o\u02bbg\u02bbli Shohrux Mirzoning qo\u02bbl ostidagi obod manzillaridan biri edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher tug\u02bbilgan xonadon temuriylar saroyiga azaldan yaqin va yurtda muayyan nufuz sohibi edi. Bo\u02bblg\u02bbusi shoirning otasi G\u02bbiyosiddin Muhammad o\u02bbg\u02bblining tarbiyasiga jiddiy e\u02bctibor bergan.\u00a0 Alisherning she\u02bcriyatdagi ilk ustozi tog\u02bbasi Mir Sayyid Kobuliy va Muhammad Ali G\u02bbaribiylardir. Navoiy \u201cMajolisun nafois\u201d asarida Kobuliy haqida: \u201cYaxshi tab\u02bci bor erdi, turkchada mayli ko\u02bbproq erdi…\u201d \u2013 desa, G\u02bbaribiy haqida: \u201cXush muxovara (xushsuhbat) va xushxulq va dardmand yigit erdi. Ko\u02bbproq sozlarni yaxshi chalar erdi. Uni ovozi\u00a0 va usuli xo\u02bbb erdi. Musiqiy ilmidin ham xabardor erdi…\u201d \u2013 deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1447-yilda Shohrux vafot etgach, temuriy shahzodalar o\u02bbrtasida toj-taxt dardi xuruj qilib, yurtda taloto\u02bbp boshlandi va G\u02bbiyosiddin Muhammad xonadoni ham ko\u02bbp qatori vatanni tark etdi. Yosh Alisher uchun taqdir sinovlari boshlandi. Shohruxning nabirasi Abulqosim Bobur 1452-yilda Hirot taxtiga o\u02bbtirgach, Alisherning otasini Sabzavorga hokim etib tayinladi. Lekin oradan ko\u02bbp o\u02bbtmay G\u02bbiyosiddin kichkina dunyodan ko\u02bbz yumdi. Bu paytda Alisher endigina 12 yoshga qadam qo\u02bbygan edi. Abulqosim Bobur Alisher va uning maktabdosh do\u02bbsti\u00a0 Husaynni o\u02bbz tarbiyasiga oldi, 1456-yili esa o\u02bbzi bilan Mashhadga olib ketdi. Keyinchalik Husayn Boyqaro sipohiylik yo\u02bblini tanladi, Alisher esa zamonaning \u201cmalikul kalom\u201di mavlono Lutfiy tahsini va hayratiga sazovor bo\u02bblgan iste\u02bcdod egasi bo\u02bblib yetishdi. \u201cFaqirning nazmlari Xurosonda shuhrat tutib erdi\u201d, deb yozadi Navoiy 1455-1458-yillar haqida [15:208].<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher Navoiyning o\u02bbzi urug\u02bb-aymog\u02bbi borasida deyarli ma\u02bclumot qoldirmagan. Faqat tog\u02bbalari Mir Said Kobuliy va Mu\u00adhammad Ali G\u02bbaribiy, ukasi Darvishali xaqida \u201cMajolis\u201dda bir oz to\u02bbxtaladi, u ham bo\u02bblsa, tazkira talabi nuqtayi nazardan juda qisqa [6:66-67]. Otasi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida esa mavzu talab qilganda bir oz gapirishga majbur bo\u02bblgan joylari mavjud. Masalan, \u201cMajolis\u201dda Mir Shohiy nomli shoir jasadi Astroboddan vatani Sabzavorga olib kelingan paytda otasi bu yerda hukumat ishlarini boshqarib turganini aytib o\u02bbtadi [6:28]. Uning qancha payt hokimlik qilgani va Alisherlar oilasining Sabzavordagi hayotiga doir boshqa ma\u02bclumot keltirmagan. \u201cBadoye ul-bidoya\u201dda \u201cotam bu oston xokbezi, onam ham bu saroy bo\u02bbston kanizi\u201d, \u2013 deb ularning temuriylar xonadoni xizmatida bo\u02bblganini kamtarona tarzda ta\u02bckidlab o\u02bbtgan [4:17]. \u201cVaqfiya\u201d asarida \u201cbu hoksorning ota-bobosi ul xazratning bobo va ajdodi xizmatlaridakim xar biri saltanat konining gavhari va shujoat beshasining g\u02bbazanfari erdilar \u2013 ulug\u02bb marotibxa sazovor va biyik manosix komgor bo\u02bblg\u02bbon erdilar\u201d, deb [5:246] o\u02bbzining nasl-nasabiga ishora qilgan. Ammo negadir biron bir asarida ota-onasi haqida aniq ma\u02bclumot qoldirmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Faxriy Hirotiyning \u201cLatoifnoma\u201dsida yoziladi: \u201cMirning tarjimayi holidan xabardor mo\u02bbysafid tarixchilar va to\u02bbg\u02bbri so\u02bbzli dunyo ko\u02bbrganlar o\u02bbz asarlarida shunday keltiradilarkim, Mirga amirlik mansabi merosiydur. Uning otasi Amir Kichki\u00adna sulton Abusaidning xizmatida edi. Garchi muhru mansabi bo\u02bblmasa xam, katta hurmatga ega edi. Ona tomondan bobosi Amir shayx Abusaid Chang Mirzo Boyqaro xonadonida amirul umaro edi. Mir o\u02bbn yoshligidan Bobur mirzo xizmatida bo\u02bblib, (sul\u00adton) uni farzandidek ko\u02bbrardi. Mir zamon sultoni (Husayn Boy\u00adqaro) bilan maktabda hamsuhbat va hamsaboq edi. Ular qachon boshlariga baxt qushi qo\u02bbnsa, bir-birini unutmaslikka ahdu paymon bog\u02bblashgan ekan\u201d [20:133]. Faxriyning tazkirasi Navoiy vafotidan so\u02bbng \u2013 1521-1522-yili yaratilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manbalarda keltirilishicha, Navoiy yoshlik davrining bir muddatini Abulqosim Bobur saroyida o\u02bbtkazgan. Abulqosim Bobur 1456-yili qishlash uchun Mashhadga ko\u02bbchganda Alisher va Husayn Boyqaro ham u bilan ketadi. O\u02bbsha qish (1457) Abulqosim Bo\u00adbur vafot etadi. Xondamir \u201cHabibus siyar\u201dda aniq ko\u02bbrsatishicha, Alisher Navoiy Abulqosim Bobur bilan birga Mashhadda bo\u02bblgan va sulton vafotidan keyin shaharda qolib, ilm takomili bilan shug\u02bbullangan [21:217].<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher Navoiy \u201cHoloti Pahlavon Muhammad\u201d asaridagi Pahlavon bilan uchrashuvi zikrida o\u02bbzini Mashhadga \u201cayni iflosu falokat va sarnavishu ranjurish\u201d yetaklab kelgani\u00a0 va bu zamonda Xuroson Abusaid Mirzo qo\u02bblida bo\u02bblib, Hirot ahli Samarqand ahliga asir va mute bo\u02bblganini ko\u02bbrsatadi [7]. Diqqat qilsangiz, Navoiy aytmoqchi, uni Mashhadga tortgan sabablar, bu ifloslik, ya\u02bcni o\u02bbrta asrlarda bu kalima chorasizlik ma\u02bcnosida ishlatilgan; ikkinchisi \u2013 falokat, uchinchisi esa sarnavisht, ya\u02bcni taqdir, peshona hamda to\u02bbrtinchisi \u2013 ranjurish. Mazkur oxirgi kalima ham forsiy bo\u02bblib, xafachilik ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi. Demak, Alisher chorasizlik, falokat, taqdir va xafagarchilik oqibatida Mashhadga kelgan. Bu alamzada ohangni biz bilgan Abulqosim Bobur davriga bog\u02bblab bo\u02bblmaydi. Alisher Abulqosim Boburga farzand o\u02bbrnida hisoblanardi (Davlatshoh\u00a0 Samarqandiy) va uni Mashhadga Bobur keltirgan edi. Ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, voqea Abusaid zamonasida ro\u02bby bergan. Ma\u02bclumki, Abusaid Abulqosim Bo\u00adbur vafot etgan yildayoq Xurosonni egallaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur aslida \u201cAbusaid Navoiyni Samarqandga nega sur\u00adgun qildi?\u201d deb emas, balki \u201cBilmayman, qaysi gunohi uchun Hirotdan chiqarib yubordi?\u201d degan mazmunda gapirgan. Mana shu farqni tushunishning o\u02bbziyoq shoir tarjimayi holidagi ba\u02bczi to\u02bbqimalarni bekor qiladi. Bobur Navoiyning saroydan ketishi Abusaid bilan bog\u02bbliqligini bilib, shohning xatti-harakatini qoralagan. Chunki shoirlar va ilm ahliga homiylik qilish shohlik rasmi bo\u02bblgan. Shoirlar va ilm ahli siyosatda betaraf bo\u02bblgan. Ular bir podshohdan qanchalik muruvvat ko\u02bbrsa, uning vafotidan keyin unga muxolif (hatto qotili) bo\u02bblgan keyingi podshohlardan ham shunchalik muruvvat ko\u02bbrgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xurosondan Samarqandga ketib, Xoja Jaloliddin Fazlulloh (Abulays) xonaqosida yashadi. Bu hayot shungacha davom etdiki, Sulton Ahmad \u2013 Husayn Mirzoga qarshi Amudan kechib, Xurosonga yurish qilganda Amir Alisher ham uning o\u02bbrdusida edi. Abusaid Mirzo o\u02bblimi voqeasi va Husayn Boyqaroning Hirotni istilo etgani haqidagi xabar aniqlangandan so\u02bbng Ahmad Hojibekdan ruxsat olib, Hirotga yuzlandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu esa Abusaid Navoiydan mutlaqo xavfsiramaganini bildiradi. Agar sulton Navoiyning Husayn Boyqaroga yaqin aloqasi borligi uchun dushmanona kayfiyatda bo\u02bblganda edi, unda Abulqosim Boburning amirlarini o\u02bbz xizmatiga olganini qanday izohlash mumkin? Ularning ko\u02bbpchiligi Husaynning ustozi va yaqinlari bo\u02bblgan. Xuddi shunday: sulton Husayn Boyqaro ham Abusaidning amirlarini o\u02bbz xizmatiga olgan. Temuriy sultonlar nazdida ko\u02bbkaldoshlar va amirlar qaysi bir temuriy sultonga xizmat qilganiga qarab emas, balki, umuman, temuriylar sulolasi sultonlariga sodiqligiga qarab qadrlangan. Shuning uchun ham sultonlar o\u02bbzgaraversa-da, ko\u02bbpchilik amirlar izzat-hurmatda qolavergan. Ko\u02bbkaldoshlar temuriylarga yaqin kishilar sifatida shu davlat hududida xos e\u02bctiborga ega bo\u02bblgan. Temur tuzuklariga binoan, g\u02bbanim tarafidan kimki o\u02bbz davlatidan umidini uzib, boshqa bir podshoh qoshiga kelib, xizmatiga kirsa, bu podshoh uni aziz tutishi, uning muxolif podshoga vafodorligini unutib, martabasini ulug\u02bb qilishi lozim bo\u02bblgan. Bu jihatdan ham tadqiqotlarda aytilgan Abusaidning Navoiyga Husayn bilan birga o\u02bbsgani uchun yomon munosabatda bo\u02bblishi haqiqatga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelmaydi[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xullas, Navoiyning Abusaid Mirzoga salbiy munosabati uning o\u02bbzigagina ma\u02bclum sir bo\u02bblib qoldi. Masalaning ikkinchi tomoni muhimroq. Navoiy Hirotdan chiqib, Mashhadga borgan ekan, nega muayyan vaqt o\u02bbtib, Samarqandga ketish istagi tug\u02bbildi ekan? Axir, Samarqand shu paytlari ham Abusaidning jiddiy nazorati ostida edi-ku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu o\u02bbrinda quyidagilarga e\u02bctibor qaratish lozim. Hijriy 869 (1464 \u2013 1465) yili Hirot dorus saltanasining hokimi \u2013 Vafoiy taxallusi bilan ajoyib she\u02bcrlar yozgan Ahmad Hojibek Abusaid Mirzoning farmoni bilan shahzoda sulton Ahmad Mirzoning eshik og\u02bbasi sifatida uning nomidan hukumatni boshqarish uchun Samarqandga yuboriladi [16:290]. Agar Alisher Hirotda yashab yurganida Abusaid tarixini yozayotgan Mavlono Abusamad Badaxshiy [13:44] va sultonning xos mulozimi Shayxim Suhayliy bilan yaqindan oshnoligi hisobga olinsa, Ahmad Hojibek bilan ham yaqin munosabatda bo\u02bblgani aniqlashadi. Chunonchi, \u201cMajolisun nafois\u201dda u yozadi: \u00ab…Vafoiy taxallus qilur. Surati xush va siyrati dilkash, axloqi hamida va atvori pisandida yigitdur. Xurosonda tarbiyat topti. Hirot dorus saltanatida o\u02bbn yilga yaqin hukumat qildi. Samarqand mahfuzasida ham muddate hokim erdi…\u00bb [13:151].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mashhadda tushkun kayfiyat bilan yurgan Alisher iloji boricha uzoqroqqa ketishni istagan va buning isbotini \u201cIlk devon\u201d g\u02bbazallarida ko\u02bbrish mumkin [9:168]. Ahmad Hojibek Sa\u00admarqandda Navoiyga qulay sharoit yaratib berishi mumkin edi. Yuqorida \u201cRavzatus safo\u201ddan keltirilgan iqtibosda Navoiyning Ahmad Hojibek bilan suhbatdosh bo\u02bblgani haqidagi ma\u02bclumot shunday xulosaga olib keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ehtimol, Alisher shoirtabiat va fozil hukmdorni qora tortib, Samarqandga borishni ixtiyor etgan bo\u02bblsa, ajab emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navoiygacha Navoiy bo\u02bblmagan, Navoiy davrida Navoiy Navoiyning o\u02bbzi, Navoiydan so\u02bbng Navoiyday bo\u02bbladimi, yo\u02bbqmi \u2013 bu dargumon \u2013 degan hikmatomuz ta\u02bcbir Samarqandda paydo bo\u02bblgan. Darvoqe, Sharq adabiyotida Bobosulton Na\u00advoiy, Mullo Shamsiddin Muhammad Navoiy, Mir Muhammad Sharif Navoiy, Baqoiy Navoiy kabi Navoiylar o\u02bbtgan. Biroq har qaysisi o\u02bbzicha Navoiy bo\u02bblgan va birortasi ham Alisher Navoiy bo\u02bbla olmagan. Shu sababdan ham Samarqandga Alisher Navoiyning poyqadami 1465-yili tushgandan boshlab qadimiy va hamisha navqiron shahrimizning ahli donishlari Alisher Navoiy haqida gap boshlagan va yillar, o\u02bbn yillar, yuz yillardirki uni o\u02bbz shahrining barhayot fuqarosi sifatida ardoqlab, qayerda she\u02bcr va shuaro, ma\u02bcrifat va madaniyat, aql va odob, ma\u02bcnidonlik va hozirjavoblik to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida gap ketsa, unga murojaat etgan, uning bitmas va tuganmas merosidan bahramand bo\u02bblgan, undan javob axtarib topgan [2:79].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cHayratul abror\u201dning 11 maqolatidagi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tongla qilib sayr madoris aro,<\/span>
\nMadrasalar ichra majolis aro…<\/span><\/p>\n

misralaridan ravshanki, Alisher Navoiy o\u02bbz maktabdoshlari Yusuf Andijoniy, Yusuf Safoiy, Mirzo Xoja So\u02bbg\u02bbdiy va Harimiy Qalandar bilan birga o\u02bbsha vaqtdagi Samarqand fozillarining \u201ca\u02bclamul ulamosi\u201d Fazlullo Abulays madrasasida o\u02bbqib, o\u02bbsha yerdagina sokin bo\u02bblib qolmadi, bal\u00adki Samarqand qayerida madrasa, mudarris, \u201cmajolis\u201d \u2013 ilmiy majlislar bo\u02bblsa, o\u02bbsha yerda\u00a0 hozir bo\u02bblishga urindi. Alisher Navoiyga xos bo\u02bblgan dilkashu dilrabo harakat va g\u02bbayrat Samarqandning o\u02bbsha kezlardagi madaniy muhitidan bahramand bo\u02bblishga muxlis bo\u02bblgan xorazmlik, hirotlik, andijonlik, toshkentlik, qarshilik, badaxshonlik, marvlik tolibi ilmlarni ham qiziqtirmay qo\u02bbymas edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher Navoiy Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekni \u201c…kamoloti bag\u02bboyat ko\u02bbp erdi\u201d deb ta\u02bcriflagan ekan, bu ta\u02bcrif zaminida barkamollikda Ulug\u02bbbek darajasiga ko\u02bbtarilish lozim degan maqsadni ko\u02bbzda tutgan edi. \u201cHay\u02bcat va riyoziyni ko\u02bbp bilur erdi. Andoqkim zich bitdi va rasad\u00a0 bog\u02bbladi va holo aning zichi aroda shoe\u02bcdur\u00bb deganida, uning \u00abYulduzshunoslik jadvali\u201d ni biz o\u02bbrganar edik, hisobdonlik, yulduzshunoslikda Ulug\u02bbbekdan ibrat olish lozim, degan muhim g\u02bboyani ilgari surdi. Uning XV asr ilmiy she\u02bcriyatida muhim o\u02bbrinni ishg\u02bbol etib, mangulikka o\u02bblmas fazilat kasb etgan Ulug\u02bbbek, rasadxona, undagi ilmiy kashfiyotlar ta\u02bcrifotiga doir mana bu misralari samarqandliklarning ham\u00a0 dili, ham tilida mangulik kasb etgan edi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Temurxon naslidin sulton Ulug\u02bbbek,<\/span><\/div>\n
Ki olam ko\u02bbrmadi sulton aningdek.<\/span><\/div>\n
Rasadkim bog\u02bblamish zebi jahondur,<\/span><\/div>\n
Jahon ichra yana bir osmondur.<\/span><\/div>\n
Valek ul ilm sori topdi chun dast,<\/span><\/div>\n
Ko\u02bbzi oldida bo\u02bbldi osmon past.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Bilib bu nav\u02bc ilmi osmoniy,<\/span><\/div>\n
Ki andin yozdi Zichi Ko\u02bbragoniy.<\/span><\/div>\n
Qiyomatga degancha ahli ayyom,<\/span><\/div>\n
Yozarlar oning ahkomidin ahkom [8:74].<\/span><\/div>\n

Oradan yigirma yil vaqt o\u02bbtadi. Bu yillarda Alisher Navoiy juda katta hayotiy va ijodiy tajriba orttiradi. Navoiy Samarqandda yashagan yillarida Turkiston tomonlarda ham bo\u02bblgan, deb taxmin qilish mumkin. Chunki \u201cNasoyimul muhabbat\u201dda Ahmad Yassaviyning ma\u02bcnaviy vorislari bo\u02bblgan Hakim ota, Ismoil ota, Zangi ota, Xoja Boyazid kabi tarixiy shaxslarning alohida ehtirom bilan qalamga olinishi, ularning hayotiga oid tafsilotlar va she\u02bcrlaridan namunalar keltirilishi Navoiy\u00adning Ahmad Yassaviy va uning vorislari yashagan muhit bilan yaqindan tanish bo\u02bblganini ko\u02bbrsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu bilan birga, Navoiy Balx, Marv, Astrobodda yashaydi. Xorazmga safar qiladi. Husayn Boyqaroning yaqin musohibi sifatida boshqa safarlarda ham uning yo\u02bbldoshi bo\u02bblgan [12:134].<\/span><\/p>\n

Sulton Husayn Boyqaroning taxtga o\u02bbtirishi munosabati bilan keltirilgan tafsilotlarda, \u201cTaqdir jafokorligi\u201d iborasi Xondamir Navoiyning poytaxtdan uzoqligini nazarda tutgan. U, ehtimol, ixroj sabablaridan to\u02bbla bo\u02bblmasa-da, qisman xabardor bo\u02bblishi ham mumkin. Chunki Navoiy vafotidan so\u02bbng yaratgan \u201cHabibus siyar\u201d asarida xuddi shu voqealar bayoniga aniqlik kiritib: \u201cSulton Abusaid zamonida Hirot dorus saltanatiga qaytib, bir muddat ul iqbol oshiyonlik ostona xizmatida bo\u02bbldi. Ammo o\u02bbz holiga yarasha daraja va rioyat topmagach, Xurosondan Samarqandga ketdi\u201d tarzida Abusaid nomini ochiq-oydin ko\u02bbrsatib o\u02bbtgan [21:217].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSulton sohibqiron (Husayn Boyqaro) mazkur amirni (Alisherni) talab qilib sulton Ahmad Mirzoga xat yozgan, (uni olib kelish uchun) kishi yuborgan. (Sulton Ahmad Mirzo) uni munosib anjomlar bilan sulton sohibqiron huzuriga jo\u02bbnatdi. Amir Hirotga qarab yo\u02bbl oldi va xizmat qilish davlatiga muyassar bo\u02bbldi\u201d [20:134]. Shu faktning o\u02bbzi ham uning Samarqandda chor-nochor va kimsasiz yashamaganiga dalolatdir. Garchi u muayyan lavozimda bo\u02bblmagan esa-da, hokimga yaqin inson maqomida bo\u02bblgan ko\u02bbrinadi, aks xolda, uni Hirotga keltirish uchun Samarqand hokimiga maxsus noma yuborilmas edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samarqand Alisher Navoiy hayotida alohida o\u02bbrin tutadi. XV asrning ikkinchi yarmida Samarqand ilm-fan markazi sifatida o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotgani borasidagi rus olimlarining ta\u02bckidlarini bahs doirasiga tortishning hojati yo\u02bbq. Chunki bunday qarashlar ancha yillar oldin akademik Vohid Abdul\u00adlayev tomonidan ancha jiddiy qoralangan va yetarlicha dalillar asosida uning aksi isbotlab berilgan edi [1:14].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shoirning Samarqanddagi hayotini oydinlashtiruvchi ayrim ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud. \u201cRavzatus safo\u201dda quyidagicha yoziladi: (… Xurosondan Samarqandga ketib, Xoja Jaloliddin Fazlulloh (Abulays) xonaqosida yashadi. Asosiy vaqtini mutolaa bilan o\u02bbtkazdi. Gohida Movarounnahr davlati ishlarining sohib ixtiyori Amir Darvesh Muhammad Tarxon va Amir Ahmad Hojibek bilan suhbat qurardi. Bu hayot shunchaga davom etdiki, Mirzo Sulton Ahmad \u2013 Husayn Mirzoga qarshi Amudan kechib, Xurosonga yurish qilganda, Amir Alisher ham uning o\u02bbrdusida edi. Abusaid Mirzo o\u02bblimi voqeasi va Husayn Boyqaroning Hirotni istilo etgani haqidagi xabar aniqlangandan so\u02bbng Ahmad Hojibekdan ruxsat olib Hirotga yuzlandi [18:121].<\/span><\/p>\n

1469-yil Husayn Boyqaro Abusaid Mirzoning shahid bo\u02bblganidan foydalanib, Hirot taxtini o\u02bbz tasarrufiga kiritadi. Sulton Husayn Xuroson taxtini egallagandan so\u02bbng ilgari o\u02bbziga yordamlashgan, sodiq odamlariga saltanat lavozim va mansablarini ulashadi. Zero, Amir Temur o\u02bbz \u201cTuzuklar\u201dida yozadi: \u201c… mol-dunyoga hirs qo\u02bbygan ochko\u02bbz va tamagirlarga mol-dunyo va\u02bcda qildim, mansab-martabaga va mamlakatlarni boshqarishga ko\u02bbz tikkan amalparastlarni qo\u02bblim ostidagi mamlakat va viloyatlardan biriga (hokimlik) qilishga nomzod qilib ko\u02bbrsatdim… qilgan bir xizmatini o\u02bbn barobar qilib taqdirlab, dillarini xushnud qildim\u201d [19:31].<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher Navoiydek obro\u02bbli va tadbirli kishilarga muhtoj bo\u02bblgan Husayn Boyqaro Navoiyning Hirotga qaytishidan mamnun bo\u02bblib, uni saroyga chaqirdi va muhrdorlik vazifasini topshirdi. Bu mansab eng katta mansablardan biri bo\u02bblib, davlatning har qanday hujjati muhrdor orqali rasmiylashtirilar, muhrdor muhr\u00a0 bosar va imzo chekar edi [18:114]. Navoiy Husayn Boyqaro davlatini mustahkamlashda va mamlakatni mayda qismlarga bo\u02bblib yuborishga intilayotgan shahzoda va amir-amaldorlarga qarshi kurashda katta ish ko\u02bbrsatdi. Yodgor Muhammadning fitnasini fosh qilib, mamlakat va xalqning osoyishtaligiga butun kuchini sarf qildi. Soliqlarni xalqdan orttirib olayotgan ba\u02bczi bir amaldorlar Navoiyning talabi bilan ishdan chetlashtirildi. Bu esa, Navoiyning xalq orasidagi obro\u02bbsini yanada oshirib yubordi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
    \n
  1. Abdullayev V. Navoiy Samarqandda. \u2013 T.: Adabiyot va san\u02bcat, 1968.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Abdullayev V. Navoiy va Samarqand shoirlari. Navoiy va adabiy ta\u02bcsir masalalari. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1969.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Abdurraxman Djami. Xiradnomai Iskandari. Kriticheskiy tekst i predisloviye G.Tarbiyata. \u2013 Moskva: GRVL, 1984.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Alisher Navoiy. Badoyeul bidoya \/\/ Mukammal asarlar to\u02bbplami. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1987. I.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Alisher Navoiy. Vaqfiya \/\/ Mukammal asarlar to\u02bbplami. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1998. XIV.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Alisher Navoiy. Majolisun nafois. II Mukammal asarlar to\u02bbplami \/ Nashrga tayyorlovchi G\u02bbaniyeva S. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1997. XIII.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Alisher Navoiy. Holoti Pahlavon Muhammad \/\/ Mukammal asarlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Alisher Navoiy. Hayratul abror. \u2013 T.: Yangi asr avlodi, 2014.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Navoiyning ilk lirikasi. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1965.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma. \u2013 T.: Kamalak, 1991.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Izzat Sulton. Navoiyning qalb daftari. \u2013 T.: G\u02bbafur G\u02bbulom nomidagi badiiy adabiyot nashriyoti, 1969.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Qodirov Pirimqul. Til va el. \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. Majolisun-nafois.<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Mallayev Natan. O\u02bbzbek adabiyoti tarixi. Birinchi kitob. \u2013 T.: O\u02bbqituvchi, 1965.<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. Ma\u02bcnaviyat yulduzlari. Nashrga tayyorlovchi va mas\u02bcul muharrir M.Xayrullayev. \u2013 T.: Abdulla Qodiriy nomidagi Xalq merosi nashriyoti, 1999.<\/span><\/li>\n
  16. Ravzatus safo… – B.:290.<\/span><\/li>\n
  17. Sirojiddinov Shuhrat. Alisher Navoiy dahosi. Oltin bitiklar. 2018\/1.<\/span><\/li>\n
  18. Sirojiddinov Shuhrat. Alisher Navoiy. Manbalarning qiyosiy-tipologik tekstologik tahlili. \u2013 T.: Akademnashr, 2011.<\/span><\/li>\n
  19. Temur tuzuklari \/ Forschadan A.Sog\u02bbuniy va X.Karomatov tarjimasi. \u2013 T.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 1991.<\/span><\/li>\n
  20. Faxriy Hirotiy. Latoifnoma. Tarjumayi \u201cMajolisun nafois\u201di Alisher Navoyi \/ Ba sa\u02bcy va extimomi Ali Asg\u02bbar Hikmat. \u2013 Tehron, 1323 h.<\/span><\/li>\n
  21. Habibus siyar. Qo\u02bblyozma. IV jild.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    \u00a0<\/strong>[1]<\/a> Shu yerda ta\u02bckidlash joizki, xozirgi yangi tafakkur davrida temu\u00adriy sulton Abusaid Ko\u02bbragon shaxsiga xam xolis yondashish vakti keldi. Ba\u02bczi tadkikotlarda Hirotning g\u02bborat etilishi va ba\u02bczi konli vokealar mazkur sultonga nisbat beriladi (karang: Abdullayev V. Navoiy Samarqandda. – Toshkent, 1968. – B.39.). O\u02bbsha davr tarixi yozilgan manbalar qayta ko\u02bbrib chiqilganida sho\u02bbrolar davri tadqikotlarida Abusaid Sulton Amir shayx Abu Sa\u02bcd nomli lashkarboshi bilan adashtirib yuborilgani aniklandi (karang: Xondamir. Habib us-siyar. O\u02bbzRFA SHI, inv. \u21162153. 568a<\/sup>-varaq). Albatta, sulton Abusaid mirzoning qonli yurishlaridan ko\u02bbz yumib bo\u02bblmaydi. Bu barcha sultonlarga xosdir. Biroq uning Hirot taxtini egallashi, ba\u02bczilar aytganidek, g\u02bbopat kilinib emas, balki tinch yo\u02bbl bilan bo\u02bblgani va xalqka xech kanaka ranju sitam yetkazmagani manbalar\u00adda ko\u02bbrsatilgan. Qolaversa, uning ilm-fan ahli va shoirlarga nisbatan yaxshi munosabatlarda bo\u02bblgani, davlat obodligi uchun jon kuydirgani, temuriy shahzodalarga nisbatan, avvalo, tinchlik va omonlik tilagani , boshka bir kancha olijanob xislatlari Abdurazzoq Samarkandiyning \u201cMatlai sa\u02bcdayn…\u201d, Xondamirning tarixiy asarlarida keltirilgan ashyoviy dalillar xamda Abusaid tomonidan rag\u02bbbatlantirilgan shoir va ilm ahli ro\u02bbyxati, Movarounnaxr, Xurosonda qurilgan inshootlar tavsifidan ko\u02bbrinib turadi.<\/span><\/div>\n
    MO\u02bbMIN HOSHIMXONOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    falsafa fanlari doktori, professor v.b<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O\u02bbzbek xalqining ulug\u02bb shoiri va mutafakkiri Alisher Navoiy jahon adabiyotining buyuk namoyandalaridan biridir. Uning nomi va merosi Gomer va Dante, Ro\u02bbdakiy va Firdavsiy, Nizomiy va Shota Rustaveli, Sa\u02bcdiy va Jomiy, Shekspir va Balzak, Pushkin va Tolstoy, Rabindranat Tagor va Lu Sin kabi ulkan so\u02bbz san\u02bcatkorlarining nomi va merosidek o\u02bblmasdir. Adabiyotshunos, shuningdek, navoiyshunos olim Natan Mallayev …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nALISHER NAVOIY \u2013 SHARQ RENESSANSINING ULKAN NAMOYANDASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ALISHER NAVOIY \u2013 SHARQ RENESSANSINING ULKAN NAMOYANDASI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=44373&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ALISHER NAVOIY \u2013 SHARQ RENESSANSINING ULKAN NAMOYANDASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ALISHER NAVOIY \u2013 SHARQ RENESSANSINING ULKAN NAMOYANDASI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=44373&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-06T04:48:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-06T04:48:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/navoiy0608.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"371\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=44373&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=44373&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ALISHER NAVOIY \u2013 SHARQ RENESSANSINING ULKAN NAMOYANDASI - 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