{"id":43579,"date":"2025-07-07T09:12:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T04:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=43579"},"modified":"2025-07-07T09:12:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T04:12:43","slug":"bilish-manbalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=43579&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"BILISH MANBALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Inson tabiatan bilishga ishtiyoqmand mavjudotdir. Hamisha to\u02bbg\u02bbri nima-yu haqiqat neligini anglashga intiladi. Shunday ekan, inson bilimni qanday qilib qo\u02bblga kiritadi, nimalar orqali bilish imkoniga ega bo\u02bbladi? Bu borada turfa zamon odamlari turli qarashlarda bo\u02bblib kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbpchilik faqat aqliy tafakkurga tayangan. Din, mulohaza, tajriba va ilmiy kashfiyotlarni inkor qilganlar ham bo\u02bblgan. Islom esa bilimga oid manbalarda doim muvozanat va uyg\u02bbunlikni namoyon etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom bilishning uch manbasini qabul qilgan va ularni bir-birini to\u02bbldiruvchi deb hisoblagan. Ular o\u02bbrtasida muvozanat saqlangan bo\u02bblib, bir-biriga zid emas, balki uyg\u02bbundir. Hayot ruhiy va moddiy jihatdan faqat shu uch manbani hamohang tarzda qabul qilish bilangina taraqqiy etishi mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuning uchun islom soyasida bo\u02bblgan hayot tarzida bu manbalardan birortasini inkor etish holati kuzatilmagan. Ayrim shaxs yo guruhlar bu manbalardan foydalanishda muvozanatni buzgan bo\u02bblsa-da, hech qachon birortasini to\u02bbliq inkor etish darajasiga yetmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shunday qilib, islomda ilm-ma\u02bcrifatning manbai uchta: his (mulohaza va tajriba), aql va sodiq xabar (naql \u2013 Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlari va sahih sunnat). Bu manbalar oyat va hadislarda juda ko\u02bbp zikr etilgan. Ular ayrim oyatlarda birgalikda ham qayd etilgan, masalan, Alloh taoloning quyidagi so\u02bbzlarida: \u201cAlloh sizni onalaringiz qornidan hech narsa bilmaydigan holingizda chiqardi. U sizga quloq, ko\u02bbzlar va fuod <\/strong>(dil)larni berdi. Shoyad, shukr qilsangiz\u201d <\/strong>(Nahl surasi, 78-oyat)<\/em>. Bu oyat ilm haqida so\u02bbzlaydi. Inson dunyoga kelganda hech qanday ma\u02bclumotga ega bo\u02bblmaydi. Keyin ta\u02bclim (o\u02bbrganish) manbalari zikr etiladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Quloq<\/strong> (eshitish) \u2013 bundan maqsad sodiq xabardir. Inson o\u02bbz ko\u02bbzi bilan ko\u02bbrmagan, ammo boshqalar ko\u02bbrib, unga yetkazgan ma\u02bclumotlarni eshitish orqali o\u02bbrganadi. Bu manbaga vahiy ham kiradi. Ya\u02bcni, ma\u02bclumotlar insonga Allohning elchilari \u2013 Payg\u02bbambarlar orqali yetkaziladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbz<\/strong> (ko\u02bbrish) \u2013 bu oddiy odam ko\u02bbrgan yo olimning ko\u02bbrib, ilgari surgan farazlari, mulohazalaridir. Ularni tajribalar orqali sinab, natijalarni tahlil qilib, ilmiy nazariyalar tuzadi, ilmiy haqiqatlarni ochadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fuod <\/strong>(qalb, dil) \u2013 bunda birinchi navbatda aql nazarda tutilmoqda. Aql insonga ma\u02bclumotlarni na ko\u02bbrib, na eshitib, balki mavjud hissiy yo xabariy dalillardan xulosa chiqarish orqali anglash imkonini beradi. Ulamolarning ta\u02bckidlashicha, aqliy ma\u02bclumotlar hissiy manbalardan olinar, kim hisni yo\u02bbqotsa, ilmdan ham mahrum bo\u02bblar ekan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu masala Qur\u02bconi karimda zikr etilgan bo\u02bblib, Alloh taolo hissiyotlar va aql o\u02bbrtasida bog\u02bbliqlik borligini bayon etgan: \u201cKufr keltirganlar xuddi qichqiriq va sasdan boshqa narsani eshitmaydiganlarga baqirayotganga o\u02bbxshaydi. Ular kar, soqov va ko\u02bbrdirlar. Ular aql ishlatmaslar\u201d <\/strong>(Baqara surasi, 171-oyat)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, U Zot: \u201cO\u02bbzing bilmagan narsaga ergashma! Albatta, quloq, ko\u02bbz va dil \u2013 ana o\u02bbshalar mas\u02bculdirlar\u201d,<\/strong> (Isro surasi, 36-oyat) <\/em>degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cBizdan bir hadisni eshitib, <\/em><\/strong>(o\u02bbzgaga) yetkazgunicha yodda saqlagan kishini Alloh yarlaqasin! Fiqhni yod olgan ba\u02bczilar uni o\u02bbzidan faqihroqlarga yetkazadi, fiqhni yod bilgan ba\u02bczilarning esa o\u02bbzi faqih <\/strong>(tushunuvchi) bo\u02bblmaydi\u201d,<\/strong><\/em> deganlar (Abu Dovud rivoyati)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u02bczi hadislarda \u201cGapimni yaxshilab yodlab olib, boshqalarga xuddi eshitganidek yetkazgan kishini Alloh yarlaqasin!\u201d<\/em><\/strong> deyilgan (Bazzor va Shofeiy rivoyat qilgan)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu hadislar to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri \u201csodiq xabar \u2013 naql\u201d manbasini tasdiqlaydi. Eshitilgan ilmni boshqalarga o\u02bbzgartirmay yetkazish \u2013 ilmni saqlash va tarqatishda muhim vositadir. Shuningdek, aql-tafakkur va mulohazaning bilishdagi ahamiyati ko\u02bbrsatib o\u02bbtilyapti. Ilm faqat eshitish va yodlashdangina iborat emas, balki uni anglash va tahlil qilish ham zarur. Bu \u2013 aql va fahm manbasining o\u02bbrni. Ya\u02bcni, bevosita eshitgan odamlardan ko\u02bbra bilvosita eshitgan bir kishi faqihroq bo\u02bblib chiqishi mumkin, islom tarixida bunga dalillar juda ko\u02bbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu oyat va hadislardan ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladiki, insonning bilim olishida eshitish, ko\u02bbrish va aql \u2013 uch manba ham muhim va har kishi ulardan foydalanish yo foydalanmaslik uchun javobgar bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Haqiqiy ilmiy taraqqiyot, hayotdagi ruhiy va moddiy barqarorlik ham ana shu manbalar o\u02bbrtasidagi muvozanatni saqlash bilan bog\u02bbliqdir. Aynan shu muvozanatga tayangan hayot tarzi insonning har tomonlama kamolotiga xizmat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qodirxon MAHMUDOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Inson tabiatan bilishga ishtiyoqmand mavjudotdir. Hamisha to\u02bbg\u02bbri nima-yu haqiqat neligini anglashga intiladi. Shunday ekan, inson bilimni qanday qilib qo\u02bblga kiritadi, nimalar orqali bilish imkoniga ega bo\u02bbladi? Bu borada turfa zamon odamlari turli qarashlarda bo\u02bblib kelgan. Ko\u02bbpchilik faqat aqliy tafakkurga tayangan. Din, mulohaza, tajriba va ilmiy kashfiyotlarni inkor qilganlar ham bo\u02bblgan. Islom esa bilimga oid manbalarda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43580,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nBILISH MANBALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BILISH MANBALARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=43579&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BILISH MANBALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BILISH MANBALARI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=43579&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-07T04:12:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/bilish070725.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=43579&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=43579&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"BILISH MANBALARI - 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