{"id":42774,"date":"2025-05-28T10:31:45","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T05:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=42774"},"modified":"2025-05-28T10:31:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T05:31:45","slug":"har-bir-musulmon-bilishi-zarur-bo%ca%bblgan-uch-qoida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=42774&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"HAR BIR MUSULMON BILISHI ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN UCH QOIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Musulmon kishi sodir etgan har qanday so\u02bbz, amal yo holat ustidan bid\u02bcat yo shirk, halol yo harom deb hukm chiqarishdan oldin bu borada qanday tartib-tamoyillar mavjudligini bilib olish zarur. Aks holda, yengillik va kenglik dini bo\u02bblmish islomni qiyinlik va torlik diniga aylantirib qo\u02bbyish hech gap emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulamolar bu masalada uch asosiy qoidani joriy qilgan. Barchamizga musulmon kishining og\u02bbzidan chiqqan so\u02bbzi, qo\u02bbl urgan amali va sodir etgan holati yuzasidan yaxshi gumonda bo\u02bblish, iloji boricha uni eng yaxshi ma\u02bcnoga burib talqin qilish buyurilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinchi qoida<\/strong> shuki, musulmon kishi sodir etadigan amallar tavhidning asliga zid keladigan ma\u02bcnoga burib talqin qilinmaydi. Shu bois uni darhol kofirlik yo mushriklikda ayblash mumkin emas. Chunki sodir etgan amallarini kufrga sabab bo\u02bbladigan yo\u02bbsinda talqin qilmasligimiz zarurligini taqozo etadigan kuchli dalil uning musulmon ekanligidir. Musulmon kishi dindoshining har qanday so\u02bbz yo amaliga baho berishda ana shu umumiy qoidaga qat\u02bciyan amal qilishi shart. Bu borada Imom Molik rahimahulloh: \u201cBir shaxsning kofir bo\u02bblib qolganiga to\u02bbqson to\u02bbqqizta dalil chiqib, mo\u02bbminligiga birgina dalil qolgan bo\u02bblsa, ana shu bitta dalil olinadi\u201d, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Endi bu qoidani yaxshiroq anglab yetish uchun so\u02bbz va amaldan bittadan misol keltiramiz. Masalan, musulmon kishi Iso alayhissalom Allohning izni bilan o\u02bbliklarni tiriltirganiga ishonadi. Nasroniy ham Iso alayhissalom o\u02bbliklarni tiriltirganiga ishonadi. Lekin uning e\u02bctiqodiga ko\u02bbra, Iso alayhissalom bu ishni o\u02bbz kuch-qudrati bilan amalga oshirgan, binobarin, u Allohdir yo Uning o\u02bbg\u02bblidir, har holda Ilohiy uchlikning biridir. Shu farqqa asosan, mo\u02bbmin-musulmon \u201cMen Iso alayhissalom o\u02bbliklarni tiriltirganiga ishonaman\u201d desa, bu gapi bilan nasroniy bo\u02bblib qolmaydi. Aytganlari uning mo\u02bbmin-musulmonligiga loyiq ma\u02bcnoga burib talqin qilinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmon kishi faqat Alloh taologa ibodat qilish mumkin, deb e\u02bctiqod qiladi. Mushrikning e\u02bctiqodi boshqaga ham ibodat qilishga izn beradi. Shunga ko\u02bbra, musulmon kishi ko\u02bbrinishidan ibodatga o\u02bbxshab ketadigan biror amalni Allohdan boshqasi uchun qilayotganini ko\u02bbrsak, unga bir musulmondek qarab, aqidasiga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladigan ma\u02bcnoga burish vojibdir. Chunki bir kishining musulmonligi aniq dalillar orqali o\u02bbz tasdig\u02bbini topgan bo\u02bblsa, shak-shubha va turli ehtimollar gumoni bilan u yo\u02bbqqa chiqmaydi. Shuning uchun Muoz ibn Jabal roziyallohu anhu Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalomga sajda qilgan chog\u02bbida u zot uni bu ishdan qaytarganlar (Ibn Moja rivoyati<\/em>). Ammo bu ishini shirk yo kufr deb baholamaganlar. O\u02bbz-o\u02bbzidan ma\u02bclumki, halol-haromni eng yaxshi biluvchi sahoba \u2013 Muoz roziyallohu anhu sajda ibodat ekanini va Alloh taolodan boshqasiga sajda qilish mumkin emasligini bilmagan bo\u02bblishi amri maholdir. Zotan, sajdaning boshqa ma\u02bcnosi ham borligi uchun musulmon kishi shu ishni sodir etsa, uni haqiqiy ibodat ma\u02bcnosiga burish yo unga kufr hukmini berish umuman to\u02bbg\u02bbri emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu borada Imom Zahabiyning quyidagi so\u02bbzlarini keltirish o\u02bbrinlidir: \u201cBuni qarangki, sahobalar Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallamni haddan ziyod yaxshi ko\u02bbrgani uchun u zotga: \u201cSizga sajda qilsak bo\u02bblmaydimi?!\u201d dedi. U zot: \u201cYo\u02bbq\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, dedilar. Izn berganlarida edi, ular, albatta, ibodat ma\u02bcnosida emas, balki Yusuf alayhissalomning birodarlari singari ulug\u02bblash va ta\u02bczim bajo keltirish ma\u02bcnosida u zotga sajda qilgan bo\u02bblar edi. Musulmon kishi ulug\u02bblash va ta\u02bczim ma\u02bcnosida Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallamning qabrlariga sajda qilishi haqidagi hukm ham xuddi shunday, ya\u02bcni bu bilan aslo kofir bo\u02bblib qolmaydi, balki osiy bo\u02bbladi. Qabr tomonga qarab namoz o\u02bbqish ham xuddi shunday\u201d (\u201cMo\u02bbjamush shuyux\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n

Xavorijlar mana shu qoidani inkor qiladi. Ibn Umar roziyallohu anhumo ularning zalolatga ketishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan asosiy jihatni tushuntirayotib: \u201cUlar kofirlar xususida nozil bo\u02bblgan oyatlarni mo\u02bbminlarga nisbatan tatbiq etishga kirishib ketdi\u201d, degan (Imom Buxoriy va Ibn Jarir Tabariy rivoyat qilgan<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchi qoida<\/strong> vasila bilan shirk o\u02bbrtasidagi juda katta farqni ajrata bilishdir. Vasila \u2013 Alloh taoloning: \u201c<\/strong>Ey imon keltirganlar! Allohdan qo\u02bbrqingiz va Unga <\/strong>(yaqinlashtiruvchi savobli ishlardan) vasila <\/strong>(vosita) izlangiz!<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> (Moida surasi, 35-oyat) degan so\u02bbzlari bilan shar\u02bcan buyurilgan ish.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cVasila\u201d so\u02bbzi lug\u02bbatda martaba, yaqinlik, aloqa singari ma\u02bcnolarni ifodalaydi. Umuman olganda, vasila \u2013 bu Alloh taolo ruxsat bergan har qanday narsa vositasi bilan Unga yaqinlashishdir. Haq taolo ulug\u02bblab qo\u02bbygan makon va zamonlar, shaxslar va holatlarni ulug\u02bb deb e\u02bctiqod qilish ham shunga kiradi. Binobarin, musulmon kishi Masjidul haromda namoz o\u02bbqish, Multazam (Ka\u02bcba devorining eshik bilan Hajarul asvad orasidagi qismi)da, Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalomning qabrlari oldida duo qilish payida bo\u02bblar ekan, Alloh taoloning O\u02bbzi ulug\u02bblab qo\u02bbygan o\u02bbsha makonlarni ulug\u02bb deb bilgani uchun shunday qiladi. Qadr kechasini ibodat va munojot bilan bedor o\u02bbtkazishga, juma kuni va har kechaning oxirgi uchdan bir qismidagi duo ijobat bo\u02bbladigan lahzalarda duo qilishga intilar ekan, Alloh taoloning O\u02bbzi ulug\u02bblab qo\u02bbygan o\u02bbsha pallalarni ulug\u02bb deb bilgani uchun shunday qiladi. Shuningdek, Alloh taoloning O\u02bbzi ulug\u02bblab qo\u02bbygan anbiyolar va solihlarni yaxshi ko\u02bbrgani uchun ularni vasila qilib, ehtiyojlarini Undan so\u02bbraydi. Musofirlikda, yomg\u02bbir yog\u02bbayotganda duo qilishga shoshiladi. Chunki bu holatlarni Alloh taoloning O\u02bbzi ulug\u02bblab qo\u02bbygan. Xullas, bu ishlarning barchasi Alloh taoloning \u201c<\/strong>(Gap) shudir. Yana kim Allohning shiorlarini <\/strong>(qurbonliklarni) ulug\u02bb deb bilsa, bas, albatta, <\/strong>(bu) dillarning taqvosidandir<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> (Haj surasi, 32-oyat) degan so\u02bbzlari jumlasiga kiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shirk to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida so\u02bbz yuritadigan bo\u02bblsak, u faqatgina Alloh taolo uchun mumkin bo\u02bblgan tarzdagi ibodat amallarining biron bir turini U Zotdan boshqaga yo\u02bbnaltirishdir. Hatto muqarrablik (yaqin bo\u02bblish) niyati bilan bo\u02bblsa ham. Chunonchi, Alloh taolo: (Ey insonlar!) Ogoh bo\u02bblingizki, xolis din yolg\u02bbiz Allohnikidir. Undan o\u02bbzga \u201cdo\u02bbstlar\u201dni <\/strong>(\u201ciloh\u201d) qilib olgan kimsalar: \u201cBiz ularga faqat bizni Allohga yaqin qilishlari uchungina ibodat qilurmiz\u201d <\/strong>(derlar)\u201d<\/strong> (Zumar surasi, 3-oyat), degan. Tashqi ko\u02bbrinishdan ibodatga o\u02bbxshasa-da, haqiqiy ma\u02bcnoda ibodat sanalmaydigan ishlarni bu siradan chiqarib yuborish maqsadida \u201cfaqatgina Alloh taolo uchun mumkin bo\u02bblgan tarzda\u201d degan shartni qayd etdik. Chunki \u201c<\/strong>Ular <\/strong>(mushriklar) Allohni qo\u02bbyib, faqat ayollar <\/strong>(Lot, Uzzo va Manot degan but-sanamlar)ga sig\u02bbinadilar<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> (Niso surasi, 117-oyati)da ta\u02bckidlanganidek, duo o\u02bbsha duo bilan murojaat qilinayotgan narsaga ibodat hisoblanishi ham, \u201c<\/strong>(Ey mo\u02bbminlar!) Payg\u02bbambarni chaqirishni o\u02bbrtalaringizda bir-birlaringizni chaqirish kabi qilmangiz!<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> (Nur surasi, 63-oyat)ida aytilganidek, ibodat hisoblanmasligi ham mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

So\u02bbrash ham xuddi shunday. \u201c<\/strong>Allohdan Uning fazlini so\u02bbrangiz<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> (Niso surasi, 32-oyat)ida aytilganidek, so\u02bbraluvchi zotga ibodat sanalishi ham, \u201c<\/strong>Agar <\/strong>(bu haqda) bilmaydigan bo\u02bblsangiz, zikr ahlidan <\/strong>(ya\u02bcni Tavrot va Injilni biladiganlardan) so\u02bbrangiz!<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> (Nahl surasi, 43-oyat)ida ko\u02bbrsatilganidek, ibodat sanalmasligi ham mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yordam so\u02bbrash ham ayni shunday. Ya\u02bcni \u201cSengagina ibodat qilamiz va Sendangina yordam so\u02bbraymiz\u201d<\/strong> (Fotiha surasi, 5-oyat) va \u201c<\/strong>Muso <\/strong>(o\u02bbz) qavmiga dedi: <\/strong>\u00ab<\/strong>Allohdan madad so\u02bbrangiz va sabrli bo\u02bblingiz!<\/strong>\u00bb\u201d<\/strong> (A\u02bcrof surasi, 128-oyat)da aytilganidek, yo yordam so\u02bbraluvchi zotga ibodat sanalishi ham, \u201cSabr va namoz ila <\/strong>(Allohdan) yordam so\u02bbrangiz\u201d<\/strong> (Baqara surasi, 45-oyat)da ko\u02bbrsatilganidek, ibodat sanalmasligi ham mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida bayon qilinganlardan yaqqol ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, vasila bilan shirk o\u02bbrtasida kattagina farq bor. Vasila qilishda Alloh taolo ulug\u02bblagan narsani ulug\u02bb deb bilish ma\u02bcnosi mujassam. Demak, bu Alloh taolo uchun ulug\u02bblashdir. Shirkda esa Allohga qo\u02bbshib yo U Zotning o\u02bbrniga ulug\u02bblash ma\u02bcnosi bo\u02bbladi. Shuning uchun farishtalarning Odam alayhissalomga sajda qilgani tavhid, mushriklarning butlarga sajda qilishi kufr va shirk hisoblanadi. Vaholanki, ikki holatda ham sajda obyektlari Alloh taolo yaratgan mavjudotlardir. Lekin farishtalarning Odam alayhissalomga sajda qilishi \u2013 Alloh taolo amr etganidek \u2013 unga ta\u02bczim ma\u02bcnosida bo\u02bblgani uchun u shar\u02bcan savobli ish sanaladi. Mushriklarning butlarga sajda qilishi ularni xuddi Alloh taoloni ulug\u02bblagandek ulug\u02bblash bo\u02bblgani uchun shirk bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Binobarin, vasilaning solihlarni vasila qilish yo ularning qabrlari yonida turib Alloh taologa duo qilish singari ko\u02bbrinishlari borasida ixtilof paydo bo\u02bblib qolsa, bu ishni vasila doirasidan chiqarib, shirk va kufr doirasiga kiritish mumkin emas. Chunki bu orqali ishlarning mohiyati chalkashib ketadi, Alloh uchun ulug\u02bblash Allohga qo\u02bbshib ulug\u02bblashga chiqib qoladi. Vaholanki, Alloh taolo: \u201cAxir, Biz musulmonlarni jinoyatchilarga <\/strong>(kofirlarga) barobar qilarmidik?! <\/strong>(Ey mushriklar!) Sizlarga ne bo\u02bbldi? Qanday hukm chiqarmoqdasiz?!\u201d<\/strong> (Qalam surasi, 35-36-oyatlar), degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uchinchi qoida<\/strong> shuki, bir narsani sabab deb bilish bilan yaratuvchi deb e\u02bctiqod qilish o\u02bbrtasida farq bor. Birinchi qoidani bayon etish asnosida keltirgan misolga yana bir murojaat qilsak, musulmon kishi Iso alayhissalom Alloh taoloning izni bilan loydan qush yaralishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan, deb e\u02bctiqod qiladi. Nasroniy esa Iso alayhissalom bu ishni mustaqil ravishda (o\u02bbz qudrati bilan) amalga oshirgan, deb ishonadi. Binobarin, biror musulmon Alloh taolodan boshqadan nimadir berishni yo qaysidir yomonlikni daf qilishni so\u02bbrayotganini ko\u02bbrsak, buni ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatish va yaratishga emas, balki sababiyatga burib talqin qilishimiz shart. Chunki har bir musulmon foyda ham, zarar ham yolg\u02bbiz Alloh taoloning qo\u02bblida bo\u02bblib, Undan boshqa biror narsa mustaqil ravishda foyda yo zarar bera olmaydi, deb e\u02bctiqod qiladi. Shu bilan birga, U Zot yaratgan narsalarning ayrimlari Uning izni bilan foyda berishi yo zarar yetkazishi mumkinligiga ham ishonadi. Bu yerda gap o\u02bbsha narsaga yaratuvchi yo sabab sifatida qarashga bog\u02bbliq, xolos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa shuki, musulmonlarni sal narsaga bid\u02bcatchi yo kofirga chiqarishga undaydigan asosiy sabab \u2013 bu dinning mohiyatini yaxshi anglab yetmaslik va ulamolar joriy qilgan mazkur uch asosiy qoidaga amal qilmaslikdir. Xotirada mustahkam o\u02bbrnashib qolsin, degan maqsadda quyida ularni umumiy qilib keltirib o\u02bbtamiz:<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinchi qoida:<\/strong> musulmon kishi sodir etadigan amallar tavhidning asliga zid keladigan ma\u02bcnoga burib talqin qilinmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchi qoida:<\/strong> vasila bilan shirkning o\u02bbrtasida juda katta farq bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uchinchi qoida:<\/strong> bir narsani sabab deb bilish bilan yaratuvchi deb e\u02bctiqod qilish bir-biridan mutlaqo farqlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alouddin NEMATOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi <\/strong>ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Musulmon kishi sodir etgan har qanday so\u02bbz, amal yo holat ustidan bid\u02bcat yo shirk, halol yo harom deb hukm chiqarishdan oldin bu borada qanday tartib-tamoyillar mavjudligini bilib olish zarur. Aks holda, yengillik va kenglik dini bo\u02bblmish islomni qiyinlik va torlik diniga aylantirib qo\u02bbyish hech gap emas. Ulamolar bu masalada uch asosiy qoidani joriy qilgan. Barchamizga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHAR BIR MUSULMON BILISHI ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN UCH QOIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"HAR BIR MUSULMON BILISHI ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN UCH QOIDA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=42774&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HAR BIR MUSULMON BILISHI ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN UCH QOIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"HAR BIR MUSULMON BILISHI ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN UCH QOIDA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=42774&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-28T05:31:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/qoida2805.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=42774&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=42774&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"HAR BIR MUSULMON BILISHI ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN UCH QOIDA - 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