{"id":41365,"date":"2025-04-09T10:25:36","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T05:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=41365"},"modified":"2025-04-09T10:25:36","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T05:25:36","slug":"imom-moturidiy-ilmiy-faoliyatining-islom-ilm-fanida-tutgan-o%ca%bbrni-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41365&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"IMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Allomaning to\u02bbliq ismi Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Hanafiy Moturidiy Samarqandiydir. Ba\u02bczi tarixchilar Imom Moturidiyning nasabini sahobiy Abu Ayyub Ansoriy roziyallohu anhuga bog\u02bblaydi. Shu sababli unga \u201cAnsoriy\u201d nisbatini ham beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Moturidiy Samarqandning Motrid qishlog\u02bbida dunyoga kelgan. Tarixiy manbalarda tug\u02bbilgan yili haqida qat\u02bciy ma\u02bclumot yo\u02bbq, taqribiy yoki taxminiy sanalar berilgan, xolos. \u201cIslom\u201d qomusida tug\u02bbilgan yili 870 milodiy yil deb ko\u02bbrsatilgan. Shunga asosan 2000-yilda alloma tavalludining 1130-yilligi nishonlandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Moturidiyning hayoti va ilmiy merosi muarrixlar Xatib Bag\u02bbdodiy, Sam\u02bconiy, Ibn Qutlubug\u02bbo, Muhitdin Qurashiy, Kafaviy, Abul Mu\u02bcin Nasafiy, Hoji Xaliyfa asarlarida keltirilgan. Kafaviy va boshqalarning yozishlaricha Imom Moturidiy o\u02bbz zamonasidayoq \u201cImomul huda\u201d (\u201cHidoyatga boshlovchi imom\u201d), \u201cRofi\u02bc a\u02bclom ahlis sunna val jamoa\u201d (\u201cAhli sunna val jamoaning bayrog\u02bbini baland ko\u02bbtaruvchisi\u201d), \u201cImomul mutakallimin\u201d (\u201cBarcha mutakallimlarning imomi\u201d), \u201cMusahhihu aqoidil muslimin\u201d (\u201cBarcha musulmonlar aqidalarining tuzatuvchisi\u201d), \u201cShayx\u201d va \u201cImom\u201d kabi yuksak nomlarga sazovor bo\u02bblgan alloma sifatida tan olingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Moturidiy dastlabki ta\u02bclimni otasi Muhammad ibn Mahmuddan olgani, so\u02bbngra Samarqanddagi Raboti G\u02bboziyon masjidi qoshidagi madrasada o\u02bbqigani haqida ma\u02bclumotlar bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Alloma Abu Nasr Iyoziy, Abu Bakr Ahmad Juzjoniy, Nusayr ibn Yahyo Balxiy, Muhammad ibn Muqotil Roziy va Muhammad ibn Fazl kabi ustozlardan ta\u02bclim olgan. Ilmda yuksalishida Samarqand hanafiy maktabining asoschilaridan biri Abu Bakr Juzjoniyning o\u02bbrni katta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Manbalarda u haqda: \u201cX-XII asrlarda Samarqanddagi yirik ilmiy markaz \u201cJuzjoniya\u201d deb nomlangan. Aynan uning \u201cJuzjoniya\u201d deb nomlanishi Samarqandga birinchi bo\u02bblib hanafiylik mazhabini olib kirgan Abu Bakr Sulaymon Juzjoniy (vaf. IX asr) nomi bilan bog\u02bbliq. Ko\u02bbplab hanafiy tabaqotlarida Samarqand ulamolarining silsilasi Abu Bakr Sulaymon Juzjoniyga borib taqaladi\u201d[1]<\/a>, deb keltirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Moturidiy \u201cJuzjoniya\u201d (keyinchalik \u201cIyoziya\u201d deb nomlangan) madrasasini boshqargan vaqtda minglab talabalarga dars bergan, o\u02bbsha davrdagi ko\u02bbplab olimlar undan ta\u02bclim olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Moturidiy ta\u02bclimotini batafsil o\u02bbrgangan va uning mohiyatini chuqur bilgan Abul Yusr Pazdaviy (vaf. 1099-y.), Abul Muin Nasafiy (vaf. 1114-y.), Saffor Buxoriy (vaf. 1134-y.), Abu Hafs Nasafiy (vaf. 1142-y.), Ali ibn Usmon O\u02bbshiy (vaf. 1173-y.), Nuriddin Sobuniy (vaf. 1184-y.) va Umar Hanafiy (vaf. 1200-y.) kabi olimlar Moturidiya maktabini davom ettirdi[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiy qalamiga mansub asarlarning soni o\u02bbn beshtaga yetib qoladi. Tarixiy manbalarda ta\u02bckidlanishicha Moturidiy uch yo\u02bbnalish: kalom, tafsir va fiqh bo\u02bbyicha asarlar yozgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Allomaning tafsirga oid \u201cTa\u02bcvilotu ahlis sunna\u201d, kalomga oid \u201cKitobut tavhid\u201d (\u201cTavhid kitobi\u201d), \u201cRaddu usulil xamsa\u201d (\u201cBesh usulga raddiya\u201d), \u201cRaddul imamiyya li-ba\u02bcd ar-ravafid\u201d (\u201cImomiylarning ba\u02bczi rofiziylarga raddiyasi\u201d), \u201cRaddu alal Qaramita\u201d (\u201cQarmatiylarga raddiya\u201d), shuningdek, fiqhga oid \u201cMa\u02bcxaz ash-shari\u02bca fil fiqh\u201d (\u201cFiqh ilmida shar\u02bciy manbalar\u201d) va \u201cAl-jad fiy usulil fiqh\u201d (\u201cFiqh ilmi asoslari xususida munozaralar\u201d) kabi asarlari ma\u02bclum va ulardan ba\u02bczilari bizgacha yetib kelgan[3]<\/a>. Ya\u02bcni uning boy ilmiy merosidan faqat uch dona asari bizgacha yetib kelgan. Bular \u201cTa\u02bcvilotu ahlis sunna\u201d, \u201cKitobut tavhid\u201d va \u201cKitobul maqulati\u201d asarlaridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiyning \u201cKitobut tavhid\u201d asari islom olamida alohida ahamiyatga ega. Alloma ushbu asarida Abu Hanifaning qarashlariga suyangan holda sunniy aqidadagi (ta\u02bcvilda) zid qarashlarni rad etishga harakat qiladi. Mazkur asarning ilmiy va amaliy ahamiyati juda katta bo\u02bblib, u ahli sunna ulamolari tomonidan Qur\u02bconi karimni sharhlash (ta\u02bcvil) bo\u02bbyicha qilingan dastlabki jiddiy urinish hisoblanadi. Bu sharh aql va naql nuqtayi nazaridan amalga oshirilganligi bilan ajralib turadi. Boshqacha aytganda, Qur\u02bconi karim Moturidiya ta\u02bclimoti nuqtayi nazaridan turib tafsir qilingan. Bu asar Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi SHQM fondida saqlanadi. Asarning birinchi juz\u02bci Qohirada 1971-yilda Ibrohim va Said Avadaynlar tomonidan nashr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom ilm-fanida Abu Mansur Moturidiy ilmiy faoliyatining ahamiyati kattadir. Abu Mu\u02bctiy Muhammad Bayumiyning ta\u02bckidlashicha, u quyidagilardan iborat:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Birinchidan, u abbosiy xalifalar Mutavakkil va Ma\u02bcmun davrida faoliyat olib bordi. Ayniqsa, xalifa Ma\u02bcmun davrida ijtimoiy-siyosiy jihatdan katta kuchga ega bo\u02bblgan mo\u02bbtaziliylarning botil g\u02bboyalariga qarshi kurashdi. Ularning \u201cQur\u02bcon \u2012 yaratilgandir\u201d degan da\u02bcvolarining noto\u02bbg\u02bbri ekanini ilmiy asoslab berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Ikkinchidan, Moturidiy mazhablar orasida o\u02bbrtacha yo\u02bbl tutgan edi. U ham naqliy dalillardan, ham aqliy dalillardan unumli foydalangan. U ma\u02bcrifat hosil qilishda his yoki sezgi a\u02bczolari, naql va rivoyat, aql va idrok asosiy vosita ekanini ta\u02bckidlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Moturidiy hanafiylik ta\u02bclimotiga suyangan holda davr talabidan kelib chiqib, uni rivojlantirdi va islom dini e\u02bctiqodiy asoslarini qayta ishlab chiqdi. Shu bilan u Movarounnahr islom ilohiyot maktabining rivojlanishiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Moturidiy fikricha, insonlarning yaxshi va yomon ishlari Allohning xohish-irodasiga bog\u02bbliq holda bandaning amaliga qarab Parvardigorning roziligi yoki noroziligi bilan amalga oshadi. Alloh taolo insonlarni yaratib, ixtiyor bergan. Ya\u02bcni qiladigan ishlari Allohning ilmi bilan azaldan taqdirga yozib qo\u02bbyilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, unga tanlash ix\u00adtiyori berilgan. Imom Moturidiy buni \u201caf\u02bcoli ixtiyoriy\u201d (insonda iroda erkinligi mavjud), deb ataydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Motu\u00adridiy ilgari surgan aqida naql va aql asosiga qurilgan bo\u02bblib, islom ta\u02bclimotida ilk bor \u201cbilish nazariyasi\u201dni ilmiy asoslab berdi. Moturidiylik ta\u02bclimotida asosan naqlga tayaniladi, aql esa ulardagi ba\u02bczi masalalarni anglashda yordamchi vosita hisoblanadi. Masalan, Imom Moturidiy \u201cAlloh taoloni tanish aql bilan vojib bo\u02bbladi\u201d, deydi. Ya\u02bcni Qur\u02bconi karimda bayon qilinganidek, buyuk Yaratuvchi va qudratining cheksizligiga dalolat qiladigan osmonlaru yerda quyosh, oy, yulduzlar, tog\u02bbu toshlar, daraxtlar va bulardan boshqa qanchadan-qancha alomatlar bor. Inson aql yordamida ham o\u02bbsha narsalarni yaratgan Alloh borligini anglashi lozim, deydi. Shu sababli inson aqli Alloh taolo tomonidan bandalarga berilgan ulug\u02bb ne\u02bcmatdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiy hayoti islom olamida turli o\u02bbzgarishlar avj olgan, ayniqsa, turli firqalar tomonidan aqidaviy buzilishlar yuzaga kelgan davrga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keldi. Shunday sharoitda u Ahli sunna va jamoa e\u02bctiqodini himoya qilib chiqdi. Bu yo\u02bblda u xavorij, rofiza, karromiy, jahmiy, mushabbiha va boshqa botil aqidalarning da\u02bcvolariga raddiyalar berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomaning asho\u02bbira, mu\u02bctazila va boshqa oqimlar bilan aqida borasida munozara olib borish uchun Basraga 22-marta safar qilgani aytilgan[4]<\/a>. Ammo bu ma\u02bclumot ishonchli manbalarda kelmagani sababli qanchalik haqiqat ekani noma\u02bclum. Lekin undan Imom Moturidiyning islomni turli noto\u02bbg\u02bbri da\u02bcvolar va g\u02bboyalardan tozalash yo\u02bblida ba\u02bczi joylarga borib, bahs-munozara qilganini taxmin qilish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moturidiy birinchi marta Arastu va Forobiyning mantiq ilmini islom falsafasiga tatbiq etgan allomadir. U islom ilm-fanida ilk bor \u201cbilish nazariyasi\u201dni ilmiy asoslab bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu tariqa, alloma ilmiy faoliyatining ilohiyot va islom falsafasi rivojiga qo\u02bbshgan hissasi islom ilm-fanida katta ahamiyat kasb etdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Mansur Moturidiy o\u02bbzining yuksak ilmiy faoliyati bilan butun Islom dunyosida alohida e\u02bctiborga sazovordir. Hozirgi kunda dunyo musulmonlarining yarmidan ko\u02bbpi u asos solgan Moturidiya aqidaviy mazhabiga e\u02bctiqod qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u201cMiftahus saodat va misbahus siyodat\u201d kitobining muallifi Toshko\u02bbprizoda u haqda bunday deydi: \u201cAhli sunna val jamoaning raisi ikki kishidir. Ulardan biri hanafiy, ikkinchisi shofe\u02bciy. Hanafiysi \u2012 Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Moturidiy \u2012 imomul huda\u201d[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomaning benazir salohiyatini e\u02bctirof etgan buyuk mutafakkir Alisher Navoiy o\u02bbzining \u201cNasoyimul muhabbat\u201d asarida: \u201cShayx Abu Mansur Moturidiy o\u02bbz zamonining a\u02bclam (buyuk) ulamosi ermish. Ul vaqt ulamosi alarni \u201cSultonul muizzin\u201d (izzat-ikromda sulton) der ermishlar. Zohir va botin ulumlari bila orasta ermishlar\u201d, deb ta\u02bckidlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiy vafoti to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida: \u201cU Abul Hasan Ash\u02bcariy vafotidan to\u02bbqqiz yil o\u02bbtib, 333\/944-yilda vafot etgan\u201d (Xamis, 2020), deb keltiriladi. Haqiqatan ham Imom Moturidiy 944-yil Samarqandda vafot etgan va shahar chekkasidagi Chokardiza qabristoniga dafn etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Asrorova L. Abu Hafs Kabir Buxoriy va hanafiy fiqhi. \u2012 T.: Toshkent islom universiteti, 2014. \u2013 B.100.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> Dr. Shovosil Ziyodov. M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eediyye doktrininin \u00f6zbekistan\u02bcda ara\u015ftirilmasi: problemler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler. \u0130stanbul-2012. \u2013 B.466<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a> Qoriyev O.A. Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi va Burhoniddin al-Marg\u02bbinoniy. \u2012 T.: Fan, 2009. \u2013 B.25<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a> Abu Mansur Moturidiy. Kitobut tavhid. Bakr To\u02bbpol o\u02bbg\u02bbli tadqiqi. \u2013 Bayrut: \u201cDoru sodir\u201d, 16-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a> Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Aqoid ilmi va unga bog\u02bbliq masalalar. \u2012 T.: SHARQ, 2011. \u2013 B.68<\/span><\/div>\n
Ravshan ELMURODOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi <\/strong>ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Allomaning to\u02bbliq ismi Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Hanafiy Moturidiy Samarqandiydir. Ba\u02bczi tarixchilar Imom Moturidiyning nasabini sahobiy Abu Ayyub Ansoriy roziyallohu anhuga bog\u02bblaydi. Shu sababli unga \u201cAnsoriy\u201d nisbatini ham beradi. Imom Moturidiy Samarqandning Motrid qishlog\u02bbida dunyoga kelgan. Tarixiy manbalarda tug\u02bbilgan yili haqida qat\u02bciy ma\u02bclumot yo\u02bbq, taqribiy yoki taxminiy sanalar berilgan, xolos. \u201cIslom\u201d qomusida …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41370,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650,3711],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41365&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"IMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41365&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-09T05:25:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/moturidiy0904.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"539\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41365&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41365&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"IMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI - 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