{"id":41282,"date":"2025-04-04T10:38:27","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T05:38:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=41282"},"modified":"2025-04-04T10:38:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T05:38:27","slug":"muhammad-vafo-karminagiyning-tuhfat-al-xoniy-asari-muhammad-rahimxon-faoliyatiga-doir-muhim-manba-sifatida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41282&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MUHAMMAD VAFO KARMINAGIYNING \u201cTUHFAT AL-XONIY\u201d ASARI MUHAMMAD RAHIMXON FAOLIYATIGA DOIR MUHIM MANBA SIFATIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzbek davlatchiligida 164 yil hukmronlik qilgan so\u02bbnggi sulolalardan sanalmish mang\u02bbitlar tarixining Muhammad Rahimxon podshohlik davrini o\u02bbrganishda Muhammad Vafo Karminagiyning \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201d asari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu asar mang\u02bbitlarning dastlabki hukmdori Muhammad Rahimxon topshirig\u02bbiga ko\u02bbra yozilgan bo\u02bblib, uning hayoti va siyosiy faoliyatiga bag\u02bbishlangan. Shu jihatdan mazkur asar Muhammad Rahimxonning Buxoro xonligidagi siyosiy faoliyatini o\u02bbrganishda qimmatli manba o\u02bblaroq muhim ahamiyatga egadir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Rahimxon hukmronligi davri markazlashgan davlat tuzishga urinish bilan xarakterlanadi. Xususan, ashtarxoniy Abulfayzxon (1747) o\u02bblimidan so\u02bbng, Muhammad Rahimxon xonlik hokimiyatini qat\u02bciy ravishda mustahkamlay boshlaydi. \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda berilgan ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, Muhammad Rahimxon hokimiyatni markazlashtirish siyosatini avvalo urug\u02bbdoshlari bo\u02bblgan mang\u02bbitlar va fidoiy xizmatkorlariga tayanib amalga oshirgan. Bundan tashqari, xonlikdagi amir, beklarni tinch muzokaralar hamda in\u02bcom va hadyalar bilan o\u02bbz tarafiga og\u02bbdirgan [9:295]. Mirzo Abdulazim S\u043emiy shu munosabat bilan quyidagilarni ta\u02bckidlaydi: \u201cU o\u02bbzining xushmuomalaligi, donoligi va rahm-shafqati bilan barcha amir va qabila oqsoqollarini o\u02bbziga bo\u02bbysundirib, xon hokimiyatini mustahkamladi va yakkahukmdorlik bayrog\u02bbini baland ko\u02bbtardi\u201d [8:45].<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Vafo Karminagiyning yozishicha, Muhammad Rahimxonni dastlab amakisi Doniyolbiy otaliq, Imomqulibiy, Hisor hokimi Muhammadaminbiy yuz, shahrisabzlik Olimbiy kenagas, Chorjo\u02bbydan Muhammadamin Xoja, Miyonqoldan G\u02bbaybullohbiy bahrin, Qo\u02bbbodiyondan Yoqubbek, Huzordan Jahongirbiy saroy kabi taniqli viloyat hukmdorlari va amirlar qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlab, bo\u02bbysungan [9:127]. Xususan, ular Behbudxon boshliq Eron qo\u02bbshinining Muhammad Rahimxonga qarshi qaratilgan harbiy yurishlarida mang\u02bbitlar vakili bilan yakdil harakat qilib, Buxoroni dushman qo\u02bbshinidan ozod qilgan ham edi. Biroq tashqi dushman bartaraf etilganidan so\u02bbng bek va amirlarning shaxsiy manfaatlari, bir-biriga bo\u02bblgan adovati ustun kelib, xonlik yana qarama-qarshilik va ichki ziddiyat girdobida qoladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Natijada, Muhammad Rahimxon alohida qabilalar, hatto dastlab o\u02bbzi tarafida bo\u02bblgan amir va beklar, xususan, Shahrisabz, Samarqand, Miyonqol, Huzor, Hisor, O\u02bbratepa hokimlari tomonidan jiddiy qarshilikka duch kelib, bu holat to hukmronligining oxiriga qadar davom etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dga ko\u02bbra, Muhammad Rahimxonga birinchi bo\u02bblib Nurota viloyatidan bo\u02bblgan Tog\u02bbaymurod burqut qarshi chiqib, katta isyon boshlaydi. Bunga sabab sifatida Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy burqutlar sardorining Muhammad Rahimxon ko\u02bbrsatmasiga binoan Eron shohi huzurida siyosiy asir sifatida qoldirilganini keltiradi [9:129]. Nodirshoh o\u02bblimidan so\u02bbng tutqunlikdan qutulib Buxoroga qaytgan Tog\u02bbaymurod burqut o\u02bbzining shaxsiy adovatiga ko\u02bbra G\u02bbaybullohbiy bahrin, Miyonqoldagi yetti urug\u02bb jamoasi hamda Dashti Qipchoq qozoqlarini birlashtirib, Muhammad Rahimxonga qarshi isyon ko\u02bbtaradi [9:128-165]. Asosiy janglar 1748-yilda dastlab G\u02bbaybullohbiy bahrin urug\u02bbiga qarshi Xatirchi hamda Miyonqoldagi Panjshanbe, Dabusshoh qal\u02bcalarida bo\u02bblib, bu janglarda Muhammad Rahimxonning ishonchli sarkardalaridan bo\u02bblgan Jumaqul mingboshi boshchiligidagi qo\u02bbshinlar katta muvaffaqiyatga erishadi [9:133-135]. Muhammad Vafo Karminagiyning ta\u02bckidlashicha, Miyonqol va Xatirchi atroflarida Jumaqul mingboshining erishgan g\u02bbalabalari ayrim urug\u02bb vakillarining Muhammad Rahimxon hokimiyatini tan olib, birin-ketin bo\u02bbysunishiga olib kelgan. Xususan, Xatirchi janubida joylashgan Bo\u02bbg\u02bbirdoq qal\u02bcasi sardori o\u02bbz urug\u02bbi bilan kelib, Jumaquli mingboshiga bo\u02bbysungan. Miyonqol atrofidagi urug\u02bb va qabilalarning bu tadbirlari natijasida noiloj qolgan G\u02bbaybullohbiy bahrin ham Muhammad Rahimxonga o\u02bbz itoatkorligini bildiradi. Muhammad Rahimxon mazkur o\u02bblkani tartibga keltirib, Xatirchi qal\u02bcasiga Qulmuhammad Dodxoh, Panjshanbe qal\u02bcasiga esa Shaxsovor to\u02bbqsabo kabi o\u02bbz yaqinlarini hokim etib tayinlaydi. Bu yerdagi yetti urug\u02bb jamoasining bir qismini poytaxt Buxoroga, qolganlarini Miyonqol atrofidagi turli qal\u02bcalarga joylashtirib, Miyonqolni o\u02bbz izmiga bo\u02bbysundiradi. So\u02bbngra Muhammad Rahimxon katta qo\u02bbshin bilan Tog\u02bbaymurodbiy burqut hamda Hisor hukmdori Muhammadaminbiy yuzga qarshi Doniyolbiy, Imomqulibiy, Xo\u02bbjamyorbiy va Jumaqul Bahodir boshchiligida yurish boshlaydi [9:136-139].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunga sabab sifatida Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy 1749-1750-yillarda Hisor hukmdori Muhammadaminbiy yuz, Shahrisabz hokimi Subxonquli va uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Muhammadaminbek kenagas, O\u02bbratepa hokimi Fozilbiy yuz, Nur viloyatidan Tag\u02bbaymurod burqut, kishtutlik Asadbiy qo\u02bbng\u02bbirot hamda urgutlik Muso va Haydarlar o\u02bbzaro ittifoq tuzib, Muhammad Rahimxonni taxtdan ag\u02bbdarish hamda Buxoroda hokimiyatni qo\u02bblga kiritish maqsadida Nasaf(Qarshi)ga qo\u02bbshin tortganini keltiradi. Bundan xabar topgan Rahimxon yuqorida kelgan Doniyolbiy, Imomqulibiy, Xo\u02bbjamyorbiy va Jumaqul mingboshi boshchiligida katta harbiy qo\u02bbshinni qo\u02bbzg\u02bbolonchilarga qarshi safarbar etib, mazkur isyonni bostiradi [9:161]. Natijada, qo\u02bbzg\u02bbolonchilar qo\u02bbshini yengilib, o\u02bbz hududlari tomon chekinadi. Nur viloyati hukmdori Tag\u02bbaymurod burqut Rahimxonga bo\u02bbysunib, o\u02bbz itoatkorligini bildiradi. Shu tariqa Buxoro hukmdori Qarshida o\u02bbz hokimiyatini tiklashga muvaffaq bo\u02bbladi. Mirzo Abdulazim Somiy ta\u02bckidlaganidek: \u201cSo\u02bbngra u (Rahimxon) Hisor Shodmonni egallaganidan so\u02bbng amakisi Doniyol otaliqni u yerga hokim qilib, Hisor Shodmonning barcha tog\u02bbli hududlarni unga ishonib topshirdi… Samarqand va O\u02bbratepa viloyatlarini o\u02bbz mulkiga kiritdi hamda bu yerdagi qo\u02bbzg\u02bbolonchilarni qattiq jazolab, o\u02bbzining g\u02bbulomi (quli) Qutliboyni O\u02bbratepaga hokim qilib tayinladi\u201d [8:46].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ochig\u02bbi, bularning barchasi Muhammad Rahimxonning vaqtinchalik g\u02bbalabalari bo\u02bblib, u tayinlagan hukmdor O\u02bbratepani bor yo\u02bbg\u02bbi bir yil boshqaradi xolos. Abduazim Somiy bu haqda shunday xabar beradi: \u201cBir yil o\u02bbtib, O\u02bbratepa va Hisor kabi uzoq hududlardagi ba\u02bczi isyonchi va fitnachilar itoat yo\u02bblini tark etib, g\u02bbalayon boshini ko\u02bbtardi\u201d [8:49].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shunday vaziyatda Muhammad Rahimxon o\u02bbz hokimiyati qonuniyligini asoslash maqsadida o\u02bbz qizini Abdulmo\u02bbminxonga nikohlab berish yo\u02bbli bilan bek va amirlar qarshiligini sindirishga harakat qiladi. Biroq mazkur tadbir aks ta\u02bcsir qilib, Samarqand, Shahrisabz va Hisorning bek va amirlari Muhammad Rahimxon hokimiyatiga qarshi isyon boshlaydi. Bundan tashqari, Muhammad Vafo Karminagiyning xabar berishicha, Muhammad Rahimxonga qarshi bo\u02bblgan kuchlar uni jismonan yo\u02bbq qilish maqsadida suiqasd ham qiladi. Chunonchi, 1748-yilda Ramazon oyining 17-kuni an\u02bcanaviy ziyofat chog\u02bbida, tungi mushakbozliklar uyushtirilayotganda, dushmanlar Rahimxonni jismonan yo\u02bbq qilish maqsadida unga qarshi suiqasd amalga oshiradi. Suiqasd tashkilotchisi marhum xon g\u02bbulomlaridan bo\u02bblgan Xoja Tuyg\u02bbun saroy bo\u02bblib, mazkur hujum samarasiz tugaydi [9:143].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shunday vaziyatda Shahrisabz navbatdagi qarshilik markaziga aylanadi. Bu haqda Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda batafsil ma\u02bclumot bergan. Unga ko\u02bbra, Kenagas qabilasining boshliqlari Olimbiy va Subxonquli Buxoroga bo\u02bbysunishdan bosh tortadi. Natijada, Shahrisabz kenagaslariga qarshi kurash ikki yildan ortiq davom etib (1750-1752), Muhammad Rahimxon Shahrisabz tomon 4 marotaba katta harbiy yurish amalga oshirishga majbur bo\u02bbladi. Birinchi va ikkinchi yurishlarda Muhammad Rahimxon qal\u02bcaga keladigan suv yo\u02bblini to\u02bbsish bilan kenagaslarni o\u02bbziga bo\u02bbysundiradi. Xususan, Muhammad Rahimxon Avlosh qal\u02bcasi yaqinidagi suv yo\u02bblini to\u02bbsish bilan u yerdagi Sangfurush qal\u02bcasini qo\u02bblga kiritgan bo\u02bblsa[9:171], Huzorni qo\u02bblga kiritishda qal\u02bca yaqinida oqib o\u02bbtgan daryo suvini sharqiy tomonidan burib yuborish maqsadida 20 kun davomida 2400 gaz masofadagi kanal qazdirib huzorliklarni taslim etgan [9:179-181]. Natijada, mazkur yurishlar davomida Avlosh, Huzor, Sangfurush, Yakkabog\u02bb qal\u02bcalari Muhammad Rahimxon izmiga bo\u02bbysundiriladi. Biroq shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, Kenagas urug\u02bbi sardorlari \u2013 Olimbiy va Subxonqulibiylar har galgi harbiy yurishdan so\u02bbng Muhammad Rahimxon poytaxt Buxoroga qaytishi bilan unga itoatsizlik qilib, isyon boshlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur yurishlar Muhammad Rahimxon uchun murosasiz kechgani sababli, mang\u02bbitlar vakili Shahrisabz kenagaslarini ayyorlik yo\u02bbli bilan o\u02bbziga bo\u02bbysundirgani to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda ma\u02bclumot kelgan. Xususan, Muhammad Vafo Karminagiyning qayd etishicha, Muhammad Rahimxon o\u02bbz hokimiyatini mustahkamlash yo\u02bblida Shahrisabz, Huzor va boshqa viloyat hukmdorlarini aldov yo\u02bbli bilan Buxoroga taklif etib, ularni o\u02bbldiradi [9:193]. Bu borada Hakimxonto\u02bbraning \u201cMuntahab at-tavorix\u201d asarida quyidagilar ma\u02bclum qilinadi: \u201cOlimbiy va Subxonqulibiyni boshqa kenagas amirlari bilan birga necha bir hiyla-yu tadbir vositasida va yolg\u02bbon ahd-u paymonlarni o\u02bbrtaga qo\u02bbygan Shahrisabz qal\u02bcasidan tashqarida o\u02bbz oldiga chorladi. Va bu soddadil amirlar dushman so\u02bbziga ishonib, oyoqlari ila qassobxona sari keldi\u201d [10:22]. Ta\u02bckidlash joizki, mazkur yurishlarda Buxoro qo\u02bbshinlari isyonchi urug\u02bblarni o\u02bbziga bo\u02bbysundirishda shafqatsizlarcha kurash olib borgan. Bu haqda B.Axmedov minglab begunoh odamlar qirib tashlanib, bog\u02bb va ekin maydonlari oyoq osti qilingani, quduq va ariqlar, shahar va qishloqlar esa vayrona holiga kelganini ta\u02bckidlaydi [9:116].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201ddagi ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, Shahrisabz bo\u02bbysundirilganidan so\u02bbng Muhammad Rahimxonga ashaddiy muxolif sifatida Hisor va O\u02bbratepa yuzlari qarshi turgan. Shu boisdan Muhammad Rahimxon 1753-1754-yillarda Jizzax va O\u02bbratepani o\u02bbz tasarrufiga to\u02bbliq kiritish maqsadida bu yerlarga yurish qiladi. Bu yurishlarda Muhammad Rahimxonni Qo\u02bbqon xoni Erdonabiy qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlaydi [8:283]. Shu boisdan ham Hakimxonto\u02bbra o\u02bbz asarida ularni \u201ctutingan ota-bola\u201d deb qayd etib, ularning Jizzax va O\u02bbratepa atroflarida Fozilbiy va Muhammad Aminga qarshi birgalikdagi kurashini keltirib o\u02bbtadi [9:22]. Muhammad Rahimxonning O\u02bbratepaga qilingan yurishda Hisor hokimi Muhammad Amin O\u02bbratepa hokimi Fozilbiyni qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlagan va bu yurish mang\u02bbitlar hukmdori uchun ancha og\u02bbir kechgan. \u201cMuntahab at-tavorix\u201dda Hakimxonto\u02bbra Hisor hokimi Muhammad Aminni Fozilbiy bilan ittifoq tuzishiga Muhammad Rahimning Erdonabiy bilan birga O\u02bbratepaga boshlagan yurishi sabab bo\u02bblganini keltiradi [9:23]. Biroq mazkur yurishlar Muhammad Rahimxon kutganidek muvaffaqiyatli kechmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu borada Hisor hokimi Muhammad Amin qo\u02bbllagan usul qo\u02bbl kelgan. Bu haqda xabar bergan Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy\u00a0 Hisor hokimi Muhammad Rahimxon va Erdonabiyni bir-biriga qarshi qayrab, ular o\u02bbrtasiga nifoq solganini, natijada, mazkur yurish oxiriga yetmay yakun topganini keltiradi. \u201cMuntahab at-tavorix\u201d asarida Hakimxonto\u02bbra Hisor hokimini \u201cMuhammad Amin shayton\u201d laqabi bilan tilga olib, yuqorida kelgan qilmishlarini quyidagicha bayon qilgan: \u201cMuhammadamini shayton… Rahimxonning yolg\u02bbondakam muhri bilan Erdonabiy nomiga va yana bir xatni Erdonabiy nomidan Rahimxon nomiga bitib, har ikkala sohibi davlatning o\u02bbrdusiga yubordi. Bu ikki qalbaki xat ul oliy martabali zotlar qo\u02bbliga yetgach… har ikkalasi qalbida bir-biriga nisbatan shubha va hadiku gumon paydo bo\u02bbldi. Darhol o\u02bbrinlaridan qo\u02bbzg\u02bbalib, har qaysi o\u02bbz lashkari bilan bilan har tomonga ketdi\u201d [9:23]. Natijada, mazkur yurish Muhammad Rahimxon kutganidek bo\u02bblmay, samarsiz tugaydi. Bu omadsiz jangdan keyin mang\u02bbitlar vakili kichikroq hududlarga yurish qilib o\u02bbz mulkini kengaytirib boradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, Anke fon Kyugelgenning qayd etishicha, Muhammad Rahimxon Abulfayzxonning qiziga uylanish yo\u02bbli bilan o\u02bbz hokimiyatini mustahkamlashga ham harakat qiladi [10:266-269]. Bu borada Mirzo Shams Buxoriy ruhoniylar tashabbusi bilan Muhammad Rahimxon 1756-yilda Abulfayzxonning qizi Yulduz begimga uylanib, xon unvonini olganini keltiradi [4:3]. \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda keltirilgan ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, mazkur tadbir shayxulislom Is\u02bchoqxo\u02bbja va qozikalon Nizomiddin roziligi bilan amalga oshirilgan bo\u02bblib, Muhammad Rahimxon hokimiyatining rasman tan olinishiga olib keladi. Muhammad Rahimxonning Abulfayzxon qiziga uylanib, xonlik taxtini egallashiga izoh bergan Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy asarda Muhammad Rahimxonni \u201cChingiziylar xonadonining so\u02bbnib borayotgan nurini qaytadan yorituvchi najotkor\u201d sifatida baholaydi [9:238]. Mazkur nikoh tadbiridan so\u02bbng Muhammad Rahimxon oq kigizda ko\u02bbtarilib, xonlik taxtiga o\u02bbtqazilgan. P.Ivanov xon ko\u02bbtarish marosimida nufuzli o\u02bbzbek qabilalarining vakillaridan tashqari, ruhoniylarning ham qatnashishi Muhammad Rahimxon hokimiyatining ham diniy, ham dunyoviy jihatdan o\u02bbrnatilishida katta ahamiyat kasb etgani va shu sababli mang\u02bbitlar vakili ularga tayanib ish ko\u02bbrganini keltiradi [5:103-104].<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Rahimxonni oq kigizda ko\u02bbtarish marosimini Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201d asarida batafsil tasvirlangan. Avvalo, Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy Muhammad Rahimxonni ashtarxoniylar boshqarib kelayotgan Buxoro xonligi taxtiga munosib ekanini ruhoniylar tomonidan shariat asosida chiqarilgan fatvo bilan izohlagan. Unga ko\u02bbra, Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda Muhammad Rahimxonni hukmdorlik uchun yaratgan tomonidan tanlangan banda sifatida talqin qilib, uning Buxoro xonligida hokimiyatni o\u02bbz qo\u02bbliga olishini quyidagicha asoslaydi: \u201cImomi A\u02bczamning mazhabiga ko\u02bbra, muftiyning sahih rivoyati shuki, mamlakatga egalik qilishga munosib va podshohlig-u saltanatga loyiq kishi bo\u02bblsa, jahondorlik xutbasi islom minbarida uning nomi bilan ziynatlanishi hamda dirham-u-dinorlar ustida uning podshohligi aks ettirilishi lozim\u201d [9:239]. Bundan ko\u02bbrinadiki, Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy Muhammad Rahimxon muvaffaqiyatlari va mavqeining ortib borishi ham xudoning irodasi va marhamatidan ekanini uqtirish maqsadida yuqoridagilarni keltirgan. Shu boisdan Anke fon Kyugelgen o\u02bbz tadqiqotida bunday o\u02bbzgarishlar natijasida hokimiyatga kelgan Turkiston xonlari \u201cTangrining yerdagi soyasi\u201d sifatida talqin qilinib, mamlakatni boshqarib kelganini tilga oladi [10:56]. \u201cGulshanul muluk\u201dga tayanib ish ko\u02bbrgan xorijlik tadqiqotchi Muhammad Hakim Porso esa, Muhammad Rahimxonni bu kabi hokimiyatga kelishi Nodirshohning yo\u02bbli va uslubi asosida bo\u02bblganini qayd etadi [6:13].<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Rahimxonning taxtga o\u02bbtirishi shu davrga oid ayrim manbalar xususan, Muhammad Sharifning \u201cToj at-tavorix\u201d, Muinning \u201cZikri te\u02bcdodi podishohoni o\u02bbzbak\u201d, Muhammad Yoqub Buxoriyning \u201cGulshanul muluk\u201d asarlarida ham qisqacha bayon etilgan. Xususan, Muin o\u02bbzining \u201cZikri te\u02bcdodi podishohoni o\u02bbzbak\u201d asarida taxtni egallagan mang\u02bbit hukmdorlarining birinchisi sifatida Muhammad Rahimxonni tilga oladi. Bundan tashqari, Muin asarda \u201cmang\u02bbit sultonlarining mumtozi va ulug\u02bbi\u201d sifatida Muhammad Rahimxonni tilga olar ekan, buni u Hisor va Shahrisabzning bo\u02bbysundirilgani bilan izohlagan [7:143].<\/span><\/p>\n

Rahimxon hokimiyatga kelganidan so\u02bbng xon hokimiyatini mustahkamlash borasida qat\u02bciy chora ko\u02bbrib, Buxoro xonligiga qarashli bo\u02bblgan ayrim hududlarga katta yurishlarni amalga oshirdi. \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda keltirilgan ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, Rahimxonning hokimiyatni egallaganidan so\u02bbng amalga oshirgan dastlabki yurishi 1756-1757-yillarda ashaddiy va azaliy raqib \u2013 Hisor hokimi Muhammad Aminbiy yuzga qarshi bo\u02bblgan. Bu haqda Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy o\u02bbz asarida batafsil xabar beradi. Bu ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, Hisor aholisi asosan yuz qabilasining o\u02bbzbeklari hamda muallif ba\u02bczan \u201cG\u02bbalcha\u201d deb ataydigan tojiklardan iborat bo\u02bblgan. Hisor amalda Buxoroning mulki bo\u02bblsa-da, lekin ichki nizolardan foydalangan Muhammad Aminbiy yuz Abulfayzxon davridan boshlab, Buxoroga qarshi dushmanlik harakatlarini amalga oshirib kelgan. Mazkur jarayon Muhammad Rahimxon davrida ham davom etib, natijada, Hisor Buxoro xonligining eng notinch o\u02bblkalaridan biri bo\u02bblib kelgan. Xususan, \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda yozilishicha, 1754-yilda Buxoro va O\u02bbratepa o\u02bbrtasidagi urush vaqtida ham Hisor hukmdori ikkinchi tomonni qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlab, Muhammad Rahimxonga muxolif bo\u02bblgan [9:218-224]. Hisor hokimining bu harakatlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida Hakimxonto\u02bbra o\u02bbzining \u201cMuntahab at-tavorix\u201d asarida yuz va mang\u02bbit urug\u02bbi sardorlari Nodirshoh tomonidan oq uylik sifatida Mashhadga jo\u02bbnatilib, u yerda bir qancha muddat birga faoliyat olib borgan bo\u02bblsa-da, Muhammad Amin o\u02bbzini doimo mang\u02bbitlar vakili bo\u02bblgan Muhammad Rahimxondan ustun qo\u02bbyib, unga hech bo\u02bbyin egmaganini keltiradi [9:24-25].<\/span><\/p>\n

Oqibatda, Muhammad Rahimxon Hisor hokimi Muhammad Aminga qarshi 1756 va 1757-yillarda ikki marotaba katta harbiy yurish amalga oshirishga majbur bo\u02bbladi. Dastlabki yurishda Muhammad Rahimxon boshliq Buxoro qo\u02bbshinlari Boysunni, keyin Denov qal\u02bcasini egallab, Hisorni qo\u02bblga kiritadi. Muhammad Amin esa Balxga qochib qutuladi. Bosqinchilik jarayonida Rahimxon o\u02bbzbek qabilalarining bir qismini Buxoro va boshqa markaziy shaharlarga ko\u02bbchirtirish orqali o\u02bblkani Buxoroga bo\u02bbysundiradi [5:102]. \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201dda keltirilishicha, ikkinchi yurish Muhammad Rahimxon tomonidan shafqatsizlarcha amalga oshirilgan bo\u02bblib, bu ayniqsa, denovliklar uchun og\u02bbir kechadi. Bunga sabab sifatida Muhammad Vafo Karminagiy denovliklar o\u02bbz sardori bo\u02bblgan Ismoilxo\u02bbja boshchiligida Muhammad Amin bilan birga harakat qilib, uni qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlaganini keltiradi [9:283]. Natijada, Muhammad Rahimxon Muhammad Amin qo\u02bblga olinganidan so\u02bbng, uning izdoshlari hamda denovlik isyonchilardan 120 tasini boshini tanasidan judo qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, Muhammad Vafo Karminagiyning qayd etishicha, Hisorni to\u02bbliq bo\u02bbysundirish davomida qo\u02bblga olingan isyonchilarning barchasi Muhammad Rahimxon tomonidan qatl qilinib, boshi tanasidan judo qilingan. Bu esa, u yerda ko\u02bbplab bosh suyaklari uyumining vujudga kelishiga olib kelgan [9:283]. Bu haqda P.P.Ivanov Hisor qo\u02bblga kiritilgandan so\u02bbng Muhammad Rahimxon tomonidan Denov va hisorlik isyonchilarning boshi tanasidan judo qilinishi natijasida \u201cMinori kalla\u201d (boshlar minorasi) vujudga kelganini qayd etadi [5:103]. Urush yakuniga ko\u02bbra, Hisor aholisiga amir qo\u02bbshinlari uchun 4 ming askar, 3 ming ot, 500 tuya bilan birga, 20 ming oltin tovon to\u02bblash majburiyati yuklatilgan. Bu ishlardan ko\u02bbzlangan asosiy maqsad, ehtimol, markazdan qochuvchi boshqa kuchlarni ham qo\u02bbrqitishga qaratilgan bo\u02bblib, Muhammad Rahimxonning qattiqqo\u02bbl siyosatini amalda ko\u02bbrsatdi. Shu boisdan ham, Muin o\u02bbzining \u201cZikri te\u02bcdodi podishohoni o\u02bbzbak\u201d asarida \u201cUning [Muhammad Rahimxon] mang\u02bbit sultonlarining mumtozi va ulug\u02bbi ekanini shu bilan izohlash mumkinki, u Hisor viloyatini boshidan oxirigacha o\u02bbz tasarrufiga kiritdi\u201d [7:143], deb qayd etadi. Shu tariqa Muhammad Rahimxon davriga kelib, Samarqand va Shahrisabz kenagaslari hamda Hisor va O\u02bbratepa yuzlarining Buxoro xonligiga to\u02bbliq bo\u02bbysundirilishi mamlakatda nisbatan siyosiy osoyishtalik muhiti ta\u02bcminlanishiga olib keldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, Muhammad Rahimxon davriga kelib, Buxoro xonligida markaziy hokimiyat nisbatan mustahkamlandi. Bunda mang\u02bbitlar vakili bo\u02bblgan Muhammad Rahimxonning xizmati katta bo\u02bblgan. Umuman olganda, Muhammad Rahimxonning siyosiy muvaffaqiyatlarida uning Nodirshoh saroyidagi xizmati katta rol o\u02bbynagan. U yerda ilg\u02bbor harbiy texnika, qo\u02bbshin va hukumatni tashkil etish ishlari bilan ham yaxshi tanishgan edi. Natijada, Muhammad Rahimxon barcha o\u02bbzbek qabilalarini o\u02bbziga bo\u02bbysundirib, o\u02bbzbek davlatchiligi tarixida mang\u02bbitlar sulolasiga asos soldi. Shuningdek, hukmron sulola hokimiyatini markazlashtirish yo\u02bblida muhim qadam qo\u02bbyib, qisqa vaqt ichida Turkistonda ulkan hududni birlashtirgan davlat tuzishga muvaffaq bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0411.\u0410. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0425VI \u2013 \u0425VIII \u0432\u0432. \u2013 \u0422., 1985.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0411.\u0410. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 X-XIX \u0432\u0432. \u2013 \u0422.: \u0424\u0430\u043d, 1988.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u0410\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u043d \u041a\u044e\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d. \u041b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u0425VIII \u2013 \u0425I\u0425 \u0432\u0432.). \u2013 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b: \u0414\u0430\u0439\u043a-\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441, 2004.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0412.\u0412. \u041e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0435, \u041a\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0448\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u044b-\u0428\u0435\u043c\u0441\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438. \u2013 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c, 1861.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041f.\u041f. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 (XVI \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XIX \u0432.). \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0442., 1958.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Mohammad Amir Hakimi Parsa. The imperial legacy of Nader in Transoxiana (Turan) as reflected in early Manghit chronicles. \/\/ Journal of the British institute of persian studies.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Muin. Zikri te\u02bcdodi podishohoni o\u02bczbak. O\u02bbzbekiston tarixi. Xrestomatiya. V jild XVI \u2013 XIX asrlar. (O\u02bbzbekiston tarixi va manbalari). \u2013 T.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043c \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u043f\u0438\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u041b.\u041c. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1962.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u041c\u0443\u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0412\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0438\u04e3. \u0422\u04ef\u04b3\u0444\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u043b-\u0445\u043e\u043d\u04e3. \u041c\u0443\u049b\u0430\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u04b3\u0438\u044f\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u043d, \u043d\u0443\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b, \u0442\u0430\u044a\u043b\u0438\u049b\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0435\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u04b3\u043e\u0438 \u0416\u0430\u043c\u0448\u0435\u0434 \u0427\u045e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0430 \u041d\u0443\u0440\u0443\u043b\u043b\u043e \u0492\u0438\u0451\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u0425\u045e\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0434, 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Muhammad Hakimxonto\u02bbra. Muntahab at-tavorix. Fors-tojik tilidan tarjimon, muqaddima, izohlar muallifi Shodmon Vohidov. \u2013 T.: Yangi asr avlodi, 2010.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    A\u02bczamjon<\/span> MAMADJANOV<\/strong>,
    \n<\/strong><\/span>O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi Tarix instituti tayanch doktoranti<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O\u02bbzbek davlatchiligida 164 yil hukmronlik qilgan so\u02bbnggi sulolalardan sanalmish mang\u02bbitlar tarixining Muhammad Rahimxon podshohlik davrini o\u02bbrganishda Muhammad Vafo Karminagiyning \u201cTuhfat al-xoniy\u201d asari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu asar mang\u02bbitlarning dastlabki hukmdori Muhammad Rahimxon topshirig\u02bbiga ko\u02bbra yozilgan bo\u02bblib, uning hayoti va siyosiy faoliyatiga bag\u02bbishlangan. Shu jihatdan mazkur asar Muhammad Rahimxonning Buxoro xonligidagi siyosiy faoliyatini o\u02bbrganishda qimmatli manba …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41283,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMUHAMMAD VAFO KARMINAGIYNING \u201cTUHFAT AL-XONIY\u201d ASARI MUHAMMAD RAHIMXON FAOLIYATIGA DOIR MUHIM MANBA SIFATIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MUHAMMAD VAFO KARMINAGIYNING \u201cTUHFAT AL-XONIY\u201d ASARI MUHAMMAD RAHIMXON FAOLIYATIGA DOIR MUHIM MANBA SIFATIDA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41282&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MUHAMMAD VAFO KARMINAGIYNING \u201cTUHFAT AL-XONIY\u201d ASARI MUHAMMAD RAHIMXON FAOLIYATIGA DOIR MUHIM MANBA SIFATIDA - 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