{"id":41267,"date":"2025-04-03T11:16:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T06:16:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=41267"},"modified":"2025-04-03T11:16:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T06:16:43","slug":"samarqandlik-jadid-allomalar-faoliyati-tarixidan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41267&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SAMARQANDLIK JADID ALLOMALAR FAOLIYATI TARIXIDAN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yurtimizdan yetishib chiqqan jadid allomalar xalqimizni ma\u02bcrifatli qilish bo\u02bbyicha katta ishlarni amalga oshirdi. Ularning asosiy maqsadi yurtimizni rivojlangan davlatlar qatorida ko\u02bbrish edi. Shu maqsadda jadid allomalarimiz tomonidan ko\u02bbplab yangi usul maktablariga asos solindi, yangi darsliklar yaratildi va bir qancha gazeta va jurnallar nashri yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyildi. Samarqandda faoliyat yuritgan jadidlar ham bu borada katta ishlarni amalga oshirdi. Bu esa yurtimizda jadid harakatining rivojlanishida muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bbldi. Ammo bu davrda yuritilgan mustamlakachilik siyosati natijasida jadidlar faoliyati taqiqlandi, o\u02bbzlari qatag\u02bbon qilindi. Shu sababdan yurtimizda, xususan, Samarqandda faoliyat yuritgan jadidlar faoliyatini o\u02bbrganish dolzarb ilmiy masalalaridan biri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ilmiy tadqiqot doirasida ilmiy adabiyotlar va XX asr boshlariga oid davriy nashrlardagi samarqandlik jadid allomalar faoliyati tarixiga oid ma\u02bclumotlar tahlil qilindi. \u201cOyina\u201d, \u201cInqilob\u201d va \u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqitg\u02bbuvchi\u201d jurnallari, \u201cKambag\u02bballar tovushi\u201d va \u201cTurkiston viloyatining gazeti\u201d kabi gazetalar shular jumlasidandir. Xususan, \u201cOyina\u201d jurnalining 1913-yilning 15-noyabr 3-sonida S.Alizoda tomonidan e\u02bclon qilingan \u201cMaktab va madrasalar islohoti biz uchun zarur\u201d nomli maqolada maktab va madrasalarning yurtimiz rivojidagi ahamiyati haqida so\u02bbz yuritilgan bo\u02bblsa, Vadud Mahmud tomonidan \u201cInqilob\u201d jurnalining 1924-yil 11-12-sonlarida e\u02bclon qilingan \u201cTurk shoiri Ajziy\u201d nomli maqolada Samarqandlik jadid Siddiqiy Ajziy va uning faoliyati haqida so\u02bbz yuritilgan. Shuningdek, R.Arslonovning \u201cSiddiqiy dunyoqarashi\u201d nomli falsafa fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasini olish uchun yozgan dissertatsiya, G\u02bbaybulloh as-Salom tomonidan nashr etilgan \u201cEzgulikka chog\u02bblan odamzod\u201d nomli kitob va boshqa adabiyotlarda samarqandlik jadid allomalar haqida so\u02bbz yuritilgan. Ushbu ma\u02bclumotlar mavzuning turli jihatlarini ochib berishga xizmat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samarqandlik jadid allomalar faoliyati tarixi mavzusini o\u02bbrganish jarayonida mavzuga oid adabiyotlar tahlil qilindi. Maqolani tayyorlash jarayonida umumqabul qilingan tarixiy metodlar \u2013 ilmiylik, xolislik, tarixiylik, qiyosiy tahlil va ketma-ketlik tamoyillariga amal qilindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sayid Rizo Alizoda Samarqand shahrida hunarmand oilasida tavallud topgan. U 1905-yildan e\u02bctiboran keng ko\u02bblamli \u2013 xalqaro ahamiyatga molik jurnalist sifatida tan olingan [16]. Professor G\u02bbaybulloh as-Salomning guvohlik berishicha, bu komil va fozil inson asrimizning boshlaridayoq bosmaxonada oddiy harf teruvchilikdan-maktabdorlikkacha, munshiylikdan-muharrirlikkacha, lug\u02bbatshunoslikdan-shoirlikkacha, juda ko\u02bbp ilmu hunarni bilgan, yorqin iste\u02bcdod sohibi bo\u02bblib tanilgan [7:86]. Sayid Rizo Alizodaning ilmiy-ommabop, publitsistik maqolalari, she\u02bcrlari, felyeton va pamfletlari o\u02bbsha davrning nufuzli mahalliy va xorijiy nashrlarida chop etib borilgan. \u201cTurkiston xabarlari\u201d, \u201cBuxoroi Sharif\u201d, \u201cTuron\u201d, \u201cSamarqand\u201d, \u201cTelegraf xabarlari\u201d, \u201cSharq\u201d, \u201cHurriyat\u201d, \u201cMehnatkashlar tovushi\u201d, \u201cOvozi tojik\u201d, \u201cGolos Samarkanda\u201d, \u201cProletar\u201d, \u201cZarafshon\u201d, 1919-yilda o\u02bbzi tomonidan asos solingan \u201cShu\u02bclai inqilob\u201d, Eronda chop etiladigan \u201cTarbiyat\u201d, \u201cOzod Eron\u201d, \u201cSitorai Eron\u201d, Turkiyadagi \u201cOqshom\u201d, Ozarbayjondagi \u201cIrshod\u201d va \u201cIqbol\u201d, Misrdagi \u201cChehranoma\u201d, Qrimdagi \u201cTarjimon\u201d, Qozondagi \u201cBizning taush\u201d, Hindistondagi \u201cHablul matn\u201d kabi nufuzli nashrlar shular jumlasidandir [6:31].<\/span><\/p>\n

S.Alizoda \u201cNizomnoma\u201d, \u201cQalam ahllariga da\u02bcvat\u201d, \u201cRisolatul Ittihodiya\u201d, \u201cDin vojiblari\u201d, \u201cMorosilot\u201d, \u201cIslom madaniyati\u201d kabi risolalari, 1917-1920-yillarda o\u02bbzbek va tojik maktablari uchun nashr etilgan \u201cAlifbe\u201d kitoblari, ikki qismdan iborat \u201cTojik tili grammatikasi ikki jildli \u201cRuscha-tojikcha mukammal lug\u02bbat\u201d (S.Alizoda ushbu lug\u02bbatni tuzuvchilaridan biri bo\u02bblgan), \u201cSaodat asri\u201d asari, o\u02bbsha davrning dolzarb muammolarini yoritib bergan maqolalari, hikoyalari, she\u02bcriy asarlari, serqirra tarjimonlik faoliyati bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Qolaversa 14 tilni mukammal bilgan S.Alizoda 1933-1937-yillar davomida Alisher Navoiy nomidagi Samarqand davlat universitetida arab va fors tillaridan dars bergan [14:110].<\/span><\/p>\n

Sayid Rizo Alizoda xalqimizning asl farzandlari hisoblangan F.Xo\u02bbjayev, A.Ikromov, A.Fitrat, A.Qodiriy, A.Cho\u02bblpon, Usmon Nosirlar qatorida 30-yillar qatag\u02bbonining qurboni bo\u02bblgan. Keyinchalik esa sobiq sovet davridagi turg\u02bbunlik yillarining beparvoliklari tufayli olimning hayot yo\u02bbli va boy ijodiy merosini o\u02bbrganish \u201cunutilgan\u201d. Uning boy kutubxonasi esa talon-taroj qilingan, ba\u02bczi bir asarlari, xususan tarjima asarlari, nopok kimsalar tomonidan o\u02bbzlashtirilgan. Ammo, mana shunday qiyinchiliklarga qaramasdan, olimning nabirasi Farhod Alizoda 50-yil davomida bobosining nomini va ijodiy merosini tiklash ishlarini olib bordi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Said Rizo Alizodaning ilmiy pedagogik faoliyati nafaqat mamlakatimiz ilm fani ravnaqiga o\u02bbzining munosib hissasini qo\u02bbshdi, balki qo\u02bbshni mamlakatlarda ham o\u02bbzining nufuzli ma\u02bcrifatparvar ekanini namoyon qildi. Olimning jurnalistik faoliyati keng qamrovli jarayonga aylangan. Uning vatanparvarlik chiqishlari, qolaversa, mustamlaka zulmidan azob chekayotgan xalqlarga nisbatan hamdardligi kuyunchaklik bilan yozilgan va insonning yurak to\u02bbridan joy oladigan ko\u02bbplab maqola va asarlarning dunyoga kelishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Said Rizo Alizoda mustamlaka Turkistonni istibdod, qoloqlik botqog\u02bbi-dan qutqarishga va uni ma\u02bcrifatli millatlar darajasiga ko\u02bbtarish uchun qo\u02bblidan kelgan barcha vositalar bilan ish olib bordi. U bu yo\u02bblda tinmay zahmat chekdi. Olim Ozarboyjon va Qrimda chop etiladigan turkiy, Samarqand, Buxoro va Toshkentda chiqadigan mahalliy gazetalarda maorif masalalariga bag\u02bbishlangan publitsistik maqolalar yozib turdi. Masalan, maqolalarining birida \u201cHamma bu badbaxtliklaru razolat, qashshoqligu safolat biz turkistonliklarni qoplab olishi sababi zamona madrasalarini sitamu faqirligidadur\u201d, deb yozgan edi [1]. Saidrizo Alizoda jahon adabiyotidan turli asarlarni o\u02bbzbek, fors, tojik tillariga o\u02bbgiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1937-yil dekabrida siyosiy chaquv natijasida hibsga olinadi. U 8-yil Samarqand-Toshkent-Tobolsk-Vladimir turmalarida o\u02bbtirib, 1945-yil 24-dekabrda kasallik tufayli vafot etadi [17].<\/span><\/p>\n

Siddiqiy-Ajziy <\/strong>(1864-1927) XX asr boshlarida yetuk shoir, tarjimon va mohir pedagog, usuli jadid maktablarining tashkilotchilaridan biri sifatida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatdi. Uning ko\u02bbp qirrali faoliyati 1920-yillardayoq adabiyotshunoslar, pedagoglar e\u02bctiborini qozondi. Siddiqiy-Ajziy haqida adabiyotshunos Vadud Mahmud quyidagi fikrni bildirgan: \u201cBoshlab Siddiqiy yaxshi texnikdur: soat va turli moshinalarni tuzatmoq ishiga mohirdur… Musiqa bilan ham ancha shug\u02bbullangandur. O\u02bbz tilidan boshqa arab, fors, rus tillarini bilur… Samarqand jadidlarining boshida Behbudiy, Siddiqiy va jadid maktabining muallimlaridan Shakuriy o\u02bblaroq rasman takfir etishlarig\u02bba sabab bo\u02bblg\u02bbondur\u201d [5].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tursunqul (Rahim Hoshim) esa Ajziyning shoirlik salohiyati bilan birga, uning maktab va maorif sohasidagi fikrlariga ham e\u02bctibor qaratgan: \u201cOvrupo madaniyatiga yaqinlashish, asr texnika va hunaridan orqada qolmaslik uchun fan kerak edi. Bularning hammasini esa yolg\u02bbiz maktab berur edi… Jadid adabiyoti, jadid matbuoti, jadidlarning so\u02bbzlari har joyda maktabga bog\u02bblanadi\u201d [12]. 1962 yilda R.Arslonovning falsafa fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasini olish uchun yozilgan \u201cSiddiqiy dunyoqarashi\u201d dissertatsiyasi, 1965 yilda M.Fattayevning \u201cAtoqli pedagoglarimiz\u201d risolasi yaratildi. Unda Siddiqiy-Ajziy faoliyati haqida ham so\u02bbz yuritilgan edi. 1967 yilda professor B.Qosimovning \u201cSiddiqiy-Ajziy\u201d [15:224-237] nomli maqolasi e\u02bclon qilindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Saidahmad Siddiqiy-Ajziy 1864-yilda Samarqandda tug\u02bbildi. Saidahmad 5 yoshlarida otasi Hasanxo\u02bbja vafot etadi. Onasi uni soatsoz usta Abdulqayumga shogirdlikka beradi. Usta tabiatan ancha xasis odam bo\u02bblgani uchun Saidahmad nihoyatda qiynaladi [2:62]. Bunday mashaqqatlarga qaramay, tirishqoq Saidahmad soatsozli hunarini puxta o\u02bbrganib oladi. Oila tebratish uchun to\u02bbquvchilik, zargarlik, soatsozlik hunarlari bilan shug\u02bbullanadi. Shu yillarda u Samarqand madrasalarida o\u02bbqishni ham davom ettirdi [10:31].<\/span><\/p>\n

Saidahmad o\u02bbzining tug\u02bbma (fitriy) qobiliyati tufayli mustaqil bilim olishga harakat qilgan. Birmuncha muddat Buxoro madrasasida o\u02bbqidi, ammo, yo\u02bbqchilik tufayli madrasani tugata olmadi. Talabalik vaqtlarida she\u02bcriyatga muhabbat qo\u02bbydi. Ahmad Donish va uning \u201cNavodirul-vaqoye\u201d (\u201cNodir voqealar\u201d) asari Saidahmadning ijodkor-ma\u02bcrifatparvar sifatida shakllanishida muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblgan. U ayniqsa, Sharqning ulug\u02bb donishmandlari Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Umar Hayyom, Alisher Navoiy, Fuzuliy, Bedil asarlarini, ularga yozilgan sharhlarni chuqur o\u02bbrgandi. Shuning uchun Rahim Hoshim yozganidek, \u201cSiddiqiy mafkura va o\u02bbylashda o\u02bbz chog\u02bbdosh (muosir) va maslakdoshlaridan yuqori turadi. Uning xayoli keng, dunyoni ko\u02bbrishi atrofli, ko\u02bbzining ufqi vus\u02bcatlidur\u201d [8].<\/span><\/p>\n

Siddiqiy-Ajziy 1890-yillarning oxirida Haj safariga otlanadi. Osiyo va Yevropaning sanoati taraqqiy etgan shaharlarida bo\u02bbladi. U qayerda bo\u02bblmasin, u yerdagi ta\u02bclim-tarbiya, maorif tizimi bilan tanishadi. Siddiqiy Ajziy 1901-yilda katta taassurot va ijodiy va amaliy rejalar bilan Samarqandga qaytdi. U otasidan qolgan bog\u02bbini sotib, pishiq g\u02bbishtdan Yevropa usulida maxsus maktab uchun bino qurdirdi. Bu jadid pedagoglari tomonidan qurilgan maktab uchun birinchi Yevropa tipidagi bino edi. Bu maktab Halvoyi qishlog\u02bbi va uning atrofidagi o\u02bbndan ortiq qishloqlar uchun ma\u02bcrifat maskani vazifasini bajarib keldi. Bino kunchiqar tomonga qaratib qurilgan bo\u02bblib, unda ikkita katta xona (har bir xona 40 o\u02bbquvchiga mo\u02bbljallangan edi), yog\u02bboch polli, shiftli, ikki xonada golland pechkasi bor edi. Maktabning tashqi peshtoqiga bino qurilgan 1903-yil sanasi g\u02bbishtdan kungira chiqarib yozilgan. Xonalari keng, yorug\u02bb, havosi toza, derazalar ko\u02bbchaga qaragan. Maktab ochilgan yiliyoq butunlay yangi jihozlar, parta, doska, o\u02bbqituvchi uchun stol-stul, ko\u02bbrgazmali vositalar, kurrai arz (globus), turli xaritalar, rasmlar, kitoblar bilan ta\u02bcminlangan. Siddiqiy darslarni o\u02bbzi tuzgan dastur, o\u02bbquv qo\u02bbllanmalari, haftalik dars jadvali asosida olib bordi, davomatni tartibga solish, o\u02bbquvchilar bilimini har kuni nazorat qilish uchun maxsus yo\u02bbqlama daftar \u2013 jurnal joriy qildi [10:32].<\/span><\/p>\n

Maktabning dovrug\u02bbi nafaqat Halvoyi qishlog\u02bbiga yoki Samarqand viloyatiga, balki butun Turkiston o\u02bblkasiga yoyildi. Maktabni ko\u02bbrgani, undan o\u02bbrnak olgani uzoq-yaqin joylardan muallimlar kela boshladilar. Maktabning hammani hayratga solgan yana bir xususiyati shunda ediki, sinfda o\u02bbzbek, tojik bolalari bilan birga rus bolalari ham o\u02bbqir edi. Rus tilini o\u02bbqitish ham yaxshi yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilgan edi. Siddiqiyning sobiq o\u02bbquvchisi, Samarqand tibbiyot instituti professori marhum G.N.Aleksandrov bu maktab va uning o\u02bbqituvchisi Siddiqiyni katta minnatdorchilik bilan xotirlagan [10:32].<\/span><\/p>\n

Siddiqiy Ajziy 1917-yil fevral inqilobidan keyin ijtimoiy harakatlarda qatnashgan. 1920-yillarning boshlarida Siddiqiyda kasallik paydo bo\u02bbladi va shu yilning oxirlariga kelib shoirning kasalligi og\u02bbirlashadi va davlat xizmatidan ketishga majbur bo\u02bbladi. 20-yillarda Samarqandda nashr etila boshlagan o\u02bbzbekcha va tojikcha hajviy jurnallar \u201cMashrab\u201d, \u201cMulla Mushfiqiy\u201d hamda \u201cZarafshon\u201d gazetasini tashkil qilishda faol ishtirok etgan. U \u201cMayna\u201d, \u201cGina-Gina\u201d, \u201cShashpar\u201d, \u201cNayza\u201d, \u201cTir\u201d, \u201cGumnom\u201d, \u201cOlmos\u201d kabi imzolar bilan satirik va yumoristik asarlar yozib turgan. Ajziy uzoq xastalikdan so\u02bbng 1927 yil 15 iyunda Halvoyi qishlog\u02bbida vafot etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abduqodir Shakuriy<\/strong> (1875-1943) Samarqandda birinchi \u201cusuli jadid\u201d maktabi ochgan, jadid pedagogikasining yirik namoyandasi Abduqodir Shakuriydir. Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy o\u02bbz \u201cVasiyatnoma\u201dsida uni, tengdosh bo\u02bblishiga qaramay, o\u02bbziga juda yaqin olib, o\u02bbg\u02bblonlari qatorida Vadud Mahmud bilan birga tilga oladi. Abduqodir Shakuriy o\u02bbz zamondoshlaridan farqli ravishda o\u02bbziga xos muallimlik tug\u02bbma qobiliyatiga ega inson edi. Vadud Mahmudning \u00abTurk shoiri Ajziy\u00bb [3], \u201cMaorifimiz\u201d [4] Tursunqul (Rahim Hoshim)ning \u201c25-yillik pedagog\u201d [13] maqolalarida olim haqidagi dastlabki ma\u02bclumotlar berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abduqodir Shakuriy 1875\u00adyili Samarqand tegrasidagi Rajabamin qishlog\u02bbida tug\u02bbildi. Uning otasi Mulla Abdushukur sohibkor bog\u02bbbon bo\u02bblgan, Abduqodir 9 yoshida otasi halok bo\u02bblib, uning tarbiyasi bilan to\u02bblaligicha onasi shug\u02bbullangan. Onasi Roziyabibi o\u02bbz uyida qiz bolalarni o\u02bbqitgan. O\u02bbqituvchilikka havas Abduqodirga onasidan o\u02bbtgan. U dastlabki ma\u02bclumotni \u2013 xat-savodni onasining maktabida oldi, so\u02bbngra Samarqandda Tillakori hamda Orifjonboy madrasalarida o\u02bbqishni davom ettirdi. U talabalik yillarida ayniqsa musulmon Sharq pedagogikasining mumtoz namunalari \u2014 Unsurul Maoliy Kaykovusning \u00abQobusnoma\u00bb, Shayx Muslihiddin Sa\u02bcdiyning \u201cGuliston\u201d va \u201cBo\u02bbston\u201d, Alisher Navoiyning \u00abHayratul abror\u00bb, \u00abMahbubul qulub\u00bb, Husayn Voiz Koshifiyning \u00abAxloqi Muhsiniy\u00bb kabi asarlarini sevib mutolaa qildi [10:41].<\/span><\/p>\n

1901 yilning qish kuni Mulla Badriddin degan soatchi bir tatar tanishi Shakuriyni \u00abusuli savtiya\u00bb maktabi ochishga undaydi va bunday maktab bilan tanishtirish uchim uni Qo\u02bbqonga olib boradi. U yerda ochilgan \u201cusuli savtiya\u201d maktabi bilan tanishadi. Shundan so\u02bbng olim otasidan qolgan mayda bog\u02bbda bir shiypon (so\u02bbri)ning ostida 25 o\u02bbquvchiga mo\u02bbljallangan maktab ochadi [9].<\/span><\/p>\n

A.Shakuriy 1903 yili Qo\u02bbqon safaridan qaytganidan keyin maktabini butkul yangiladi, \u201cusuli savtiya\u201d usuliga asoslangan jadid maktabiga aylantirdi. Ammo, olimning qilgan ishlariga nisbatan ko\u02bbplab dashnomlar, hatto, tahdidlar kun sayin oshib bordi. Bunday tahdidlar uni o\u02bbz hayotini baxshida etgan ishdan qaytara olmadi. Shakuriyni ta\u02bcqib va tazyiq qiluvchilar bilan bir qatorda uni qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlovchilar ham topildi, u yakkalanib qolmadi. 1904-yilga kelib, uning maktabi besh sinf ibtidoiy va bir rushdiy sinfga ega bo\u02bbldi. Bu ishda unga Samarqandning ma\u02bcrifatli ziyolilari Hoji Abduqodir, Domullo Mahmud mudarris, ayniqsa, Siddiqiy-Ajziy yordam berdilar. Ma\u02bclumotlarga qaraganda, birmuncha muddat Saidahmad Siddiqiy-Ajziy uning maktabida o\u02bbzbek tilidan dars bergan. Ularning ko\u02bbmagi bilan Samarqand shahrida \u201cusuli jadid\u201d maktabining sho\u02bbbalari ochildi. Shakuriy maktabida 140-150 o\u02bbquvchi muntazam ta\u02bclim olgan [10:42].<\/span><\/p>\n

1904-yilda Abduqodir Shakuriy Turkistonda jadid harakatining karvonboshisi Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy bilan tanishadi, ular o\u02bbrtasida hamkorlik vujudga keladi [9]. Abduqodir Shakuriy 1906 yilda Qozonga, 1911-yilda Qrimga, undan Turkiyaga sayohat qiladi. Bu sayohatlardan asosiy maqsad \u201cusuli jadid\u201d maktablari faoliyatini yanada takomillashtirish, \u00abusuli tadris\u00bbning ham amaliy, ham nazariy asoslarini ishlab chiqish, darsliklar, o\u02bbqituvchilar uchun uslubiy qo\u02bbllanmalar yaratish edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1911 yilda Abduqodir Shakuriy \u201cusuli jadid\u201d maktablarining ikkinchi sinfi uchun \u00abJome\u02bcul hikoyat\u00bb (\u201cHikoyalar majmui\u201d) nomli o\u02bbqish kitobini yaratdi. A.Shakuriy ushbu \u00abJome\u02bcul hikoyat\u00bb o\u02bbqish kitobiga Sharq mutafakkirlari Shayx Muslihiddin Sa\u02bcdiy, Abdurahmon Jomiy, Alisher Navoiylarning bolalarbop hikoya va she\u02bcrlari bilan bir qatorda L A. Krilov, L. N. Tolstoy kabi rus yozuvchilarining bolalar uchun maxsus yozilgan asarlaridan namunalar kiritgan. Nar bir hikoya oxirida, hamma maktab darsliklariga xos \u2014 tarbiyaviy ahamiyat kasb etuvchi, \u201cqissadan hissa\u201d chiqariladi [10:43].<\/span><\/p>\n

Umuman, A.Shakuriy \u201cusuli jadid\u201d maktablari uchun o\u02bbnga yaqin darslik va qo\u02bbllanmalar, majmualar yaratdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

A.Shakuriy, S.Ayniy, M.Behbudiy, Hoji Muin va boshqa taraqqiyparvar pedagoglarning hamkorlikdagi faoliyatlari va ularning bu sohadagi muvaffaqiyatlari mutaassib ulamolarning xurujlarini, tahdidlarini yanada avjiga chiqardi. 1914 yil 3 yanvarda Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasi jomesida juma namozidan keyin 5-6 ming namozxon oldida muazzin Mulla Abbos \u201cusuli jadid\u201d maktabdorlarini kofirlikda aybladi [11]. Bu nohaq ayblovni inkor etib, samarqandlik maorif va ma\u02bcrifat fidoyilarini butun Turkiston taraqqiyparvar ziyolilari matbuotda himoya qilib chiqdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abduqodir Shakuriy faoliyati kurashlar jarayonida kamol topib borayotgan bir vaqtda Rusiya hukumati Turkiston o\u02bblkasi xalqlaridan mardikor olish haqida farmon e\u02bclon qildi. Mutaassib peshvolar ushbu farmondan foydalanib, Samarqandda faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatayotgan jadid pedagoglari, yozuvchilari va shoirlari Hoji Muin, Faxriddin Rojiy bilan birgalikda A.Shakuriyni ham mardikorlikka jo\u02bbnatdilar. U Minsk guberniyasi o\u02bbrmonlarida daraxt kesish, xandaq qazish ishlari bilan mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bbladi. U fevral inqilobi tufayli 1917 yil may oyida vataniga qaytadi va o\u02bbzi sevgan pedagoglik faoliyatini davom ettiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abduqodir Shakuriy sho\u02bbrolar davrida ham pedagogik faoliyatini davom ettirdi. 1918-yildan 1925-yilga qadar o\u02bbzi tashkil qilgan 13- va 44-maktablarda direktor, ona tili va adabiyot o\u02bbqituvchisi sifatida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatdi, o\u02bbnlab o\u02bbqituvchilarni tarbiyalab yetishtirdi. Lekin 1920-yillarning ikkinchi yarmidan boshlab mamlakatda o\u02bbz mavqeini mustahkamlab olgan sho\u02bbrolar \u201ceski\u201d ziyolilarni ta\u02bcqib qilish, ularni ma\u02bcnan va jisman sindirish, zo\u02bbravonlik yo\u02bbliga o\u02bbtdi. U 1925 yildan boshlab to qatag\u02bbon yillariga qadar bog\u02bbbonlik bilan mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bbldi. Abduqodir Shakuriy 1943 yilda Stalin qatag\u02bboni qurboni bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa sifatida shuni aytish mumkinki, XX asr boshlarida yurtimizda faoliyat yuritgan jadid mutafakkirlari tomonidan xalqimizni ilm-ma\u02bcrifatli qilishda katta ishlar amalga oshirildi. Ular tomonidan ochilgan yangi usul maktablari yoshlarga zamonaviy ilm-fan sirlarini o\u02bbrgatishda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bbldi. Ammo mustamlakachilik sharoitida bunday ishlarni amalga oshirish oson kechmadi. Turkistonni jaholatda ushlab turishni istovchi mustamlaka ma\u02bcmuriyat va mahalliy mutaassib kuchlar bunday maktablar faoliyatiga qattiq qarshilik ko\u02bbrsatdi. Jadid maktablarini tashkil qilgan jadid mutafakkirlari borasida ham shunday fikrni bildirish mumkin. Ular mustamlaka ma\u02bcmuriyati tomonidan turli yo\u02bbllar bilan siquvga olindi va faoliyatiga chek qo\u02bbyildi. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, ular amalga oshirgan ishlar izsiz ketmadi. Jadidlar tomonidan tashkil etilgan maktablarda savod chiqargan yoshlar orasidan keyinchalik yirik ziyolilar va olimlar yetishib chiqdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Alizoda S. Maktab va madrasalar islohoti bizga zarur. \u201cOyina\u201d gazetasi, 1913-yil 15-noyabr (3-son).<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Arslonov R. Siddiqiy dunyoqarashi. Falsafa fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasini olish uchun yozilgan dissertatsiya.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Vadud Mahmud. Turk shoiri Ajziy. \u201cInqilob\u201d jurnali, 1924-yil, 11-12-sonlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Vadud Mahmud. Maorifimiz. \u201cKambag\u02bballar tovushi\u201d gazetasi, 1933-yil, 22-iyun.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u201cInqilob\u201d jurnali, 1924-yil 11-12-sonlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Ismoilov G\u02bb. Gulob (Rozov\u044by napitok). \u2013 T.: Yosh gvardiya, 1982. \u2013 B.31.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Istoriya Samarkanda. (Avtorskiy kollektiv) \u2013 T., 1970, T.II. \u2013 S.86.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqitg\u02bbuchi\u201d jurnali, 1928-yil, 3-son.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqitg\u02bbuchi\u201d jurnali, 1926-yil, 4-son.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u201cSog\u02bblom avlod uchun\u201d jurnali, 2005-yil, avgust oyi, 8(112)-son. \u2013 B.31.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. \u201cTurkiston viloyatining gazeti\u201d, 1914-yil, 8-son.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Tursunqul (Rahim Hoshim). Siddiqiy to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida mulohazalar. \u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqutg\u02bbuchi\u201d jurnali, 1928-yil, 3-son.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. 25-yillik pedagog. \u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqitg\u02bbuchi\u201d jurnali. 1926-yil, 4-son.<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Xo\u02bbjayev Erkin. Samarali yillar yog\u02bbdusi. \u2013 Samarqand, 2001. \u2013 B.110.<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. \u201cSharq yulduzi\u201d jurnali. 1967-yil, 11-son. \u2013 B.224-237.<\/span><\/li>\n
  16. G\u02bbaybulloh as-Salom. Ezgulikka chog\u02bblan odamzod. \u2013 T.: Sharq, 1997. 2-kitob.<\/span><\/li>\n
  17. https:\/\/zarnews.uz\/post\/saidrizo-alizoda-1887-yil-15-fevralda-samarqandda-tavallud-topgan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    JONIBEK JUMAYEV,
    \n<\/strong><\/span>Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy tadqiqot markazi <\/em><\/span>ilmiy xodimi<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yurtimizdan yetishib chiqqan jadid allomalar xalqimizni ma\u02bcrifatli qilish bo\u02bbyicha katta ishlarni amalga oshirdi. Ularning asosiy maqsadi yurtimizni rivojlangan davlatlar qatorida ko\u02bbrish edi. Shu maqsadda jadid allomalarimiz tomonidan ko\u02bbplab yangi usul maktablariga asos solindi, yangi darsliklar yaratildi va bir qancha gazeta va jurnallar nashri yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyildi. Samarqandda faoliyat yuritgan jadidlar ham bu borada katta ishlarni amalga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSAMARQANDLIK JADID ALLOMALAR FAOLIYATI TARIXIDAN - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SAMARQANDLIK JADID ALLOMALAR FAOLIYATI TARIXIDAN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41267&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SAMARQANDLIK JADID ALLOMALAR FAOLIYATI TARIXIDAN - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SAMARQANDLIK JADID ALLOMALAR FAOLIYATI TARIXIDAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41267&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-03T06:16:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/turkistan090125-e1743660990390.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"331\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41267&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=41267&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"SAMARQANDLIK JADID ALLOMALAR FAOLIYATI TARIXIDAN - 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