{"id":40519,"date":"2025-02-20T18:19:42","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T13:19:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=40519"},"modified":"2025-02-20T18:19:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T13:19:42","slug":"nogironligi-bor-imkoniyati-cheklangan-roviylar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40519&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"NOGIRONLIGI BOR (IMKONIYATI CHEKLANGAN) ROVIYLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Insoniyatning paydo bo\u02bblishidan buyon hayotning bir haqiqati sifatida mavjud bo\u02bblgan nogironlik holati ayrim e\u02bctiqod va jamiyatlarda shaxsning kamchiligi va nuqsoni sifatida qabul qilingan, ba\u02bczi hollarda jamiyatdan izolyatsiya qilinib, nogironning yanada qiyin shart-sharoitlarda hayot kechirishga sabab bo\u02bblgan. Ammo buning aksi o\u02bblaroq islom dini ham jamiyat hayotida, ham diniy hayot qoidalari doirasida nogiron shaxsga nisbatan imtiyozlar berish bilan bir qatorda bunday kishilarning ijtimoiy va psixologik jihatdan qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlanishini ta\u02bcminlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nogironlik holati moddiy qiyinchiliklar bilan kurashayotgan jamiyatning kambag\u02bbal kishilaridan tortib, dunyoviy imkoniyat va boylikka ega bo\u02bblgan shaxslarida, hatto odamlarning dunyo va oxirat saodatiga erishishi uchun yuborilgan payg\u02bbambarlarda ham, barchasida kuzatilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u02bczida islom huquqida qisas masalalarida bo\u02bblgani kabi insonning qilgan ishiga jazo sifatida berilgan bu holat, ba\u02bczan dunyoda bir sinov sifatida ko\u02bbrilishi mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqotimizda har qanday inson tushishi mumkin bo\u02bblgan bu qiyin holat va shu holatda ham ilmga bo\u02bblgan sa\u02bcy-harakatini tark etmagan shaxslar ko\u02bbrib chiqilgan. Har qanday inson farzandi tushishi mumkin bo\u02bblgan bunday qiyin holatga sahobalar ham duchor bo\u02bblishgan. Tadqiqotimiz hadis ilmi bilan shug\u02bbullangan va hadis rivoyati bilan shug\u02bbullangan nogiron roviylar haqida bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqotimiz islom dinining ikkinchi manbai bo\u02bblgan hadis sohasida, roviylar hayotida insonning eng qiyin va og\u02bbir holati bo\u02bblgan nogironlikka qaramasdan qo\u02bbshgan hissalari va xizmatlarining inkor qilib bo\u02bblmas darajada ko\u02bbpligini namoyon qilishni maqsad qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqotimizning maqsadi, hayot sharoiti qanday bo\u02bblishidan qat\u02bci nazar, insonning ham o\u02bbz-o\u02bbziga ham boshqalarga foyda keltirishi, nogironlikka qaramasdan jismoniy va ma\u02bcnaviy jihatdan inson muvaffaqiyatli bo\u02bblishi mumkinligini namunalari bilan ko\u02bbrsatishdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqotimizda hadis roviylarining nogironlik sabablari va bu holat roviyning tug\u02bbilishidan boshlabmi yoki hayotining qaysi davrida paydo bo\u02bblganini ilmiy nuqtayi nazaridan aniqlash va mumkin qadar ma\u02bclum qilish maqsad qilingan. Bundan tashqari, hadis roviylarining nogironlik holati jarhga sabab bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa, ularni aniqlash maqsad qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zehniy va jismoniy nogironlik shaklida ikkiga bo\u02bblinadigan nogironlik turlaridan biri zehniy nogironlik \u201cRoviyning ustozidan o\u02bbrgangan hadisini boshqalarga rivoyat qilgunga qadar aqlan yoki yozma shaklda saqlashi\u201d ma\u02bcnosini bildiradigan zabt shartiga zid kelgani uchun tabiiyki bu turdagi nogironlikka o\u02bbrin berilmadi. Tadqiqotimiz jismoniy nogironlik sifatida ko\u02bbrish, eshitish va ortopedik jihatdan nogiron bo\u02bblgan roviylarni qamrab olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turli tadqiqotlar natijasida minglab nogiron roviylarning mavjudligi tufayli tadqiqotimizda asosan eng mo\u02bbtabar hadis kitoblari sifatida qabul qilingan Muhammad ibn Ismoil Buxoriy va Muslim ibn Hajjojning \u201cal-Jome\u02bcus-sahih\u201d asarlarida uchragan nogiron roviylarni haqida so\u02bbz yuritiladi. Sahihaynda zikr etilgan nogiron roviylarni aniqlash uchun Kalobodiyning \u201cRijalus Sahihul Buxoriy\u201d va Ibn Manjuyaning \u201cRijalus Sahihil Muslim\u201d asarlaridan foydalanildi. Mazkur \u201cSahihayn\u201dda zikr etilgan nogiron roviylardan tashqari \u201cKutubi Sitta\u201dda uchraydigan boshqa nogiron roviylarga ham o\u02bbrin berildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nogironlik bilan bog\u02bbliq asosiy tushunchalar va islom jamiyatida nogironlar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tadqiqotda qo\u02bbllanadigan tushunchalarni aniqlash, tekshirish va ularning ta\u02bcriflarini berish uchun avvalo turkcha va arabcha tushunchalarni bir joyga jamlab, bu tushunchalarning ta\u02bcriflarini keltirishga harakat qilindi. Bu tushunchalarni keltirishda esa tushunchaning ommalashganligini hisobga olindi va eng ommalashgan tushunchadan eng nodiriga ko\u02bbra bir tizim asosida tartiblandi. Quyida bu tushunchalarni birma bir ko\u02bbrib chiqamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nuqson (to\u02bbsiq) nima?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

“Nuqson\u201c so\u02bbzi lug\u02bbatda \u201dBir narsaning amalga oshishiga to\u02bbsqinlik qiluvchi sabab, monelik, mashaqqat, muammo, to\u02bbsiq, qiyinchilik” degan ma\u02bcnolarni bildiradi. Nuqson \u2013 jismoniy, aqliy yoki xatti-harakatdagi bir buzilish va muvaffaqiyatga to\u02bbsqinlik qiluvchi har qanday kamchilikdir. Nuqson bir kamchilikning ta\u02bcsiri va shu sababli shaxs yoki jamiyatning o\u02bbzidan kutilayotganidan ko\u02bbra kamroq muvaffaqiyat darajasida qolishini bildiradi[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shaxsning yoshi, jinsi, ijtimoiy va madaniy omillarga bog\u02bbliq holda bajarishi lozim bo\u02bblgan rollarini, vujudida mavjud bo\u02bblgan yoki keyinchalik paydo bo\u02bblgan nuqson tufayli to\u02bbg\u02bbri bajara olmasligi holatiga \u201cnuqson\u201d deyiladi[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nuqsonli (imkoniyati cheklangan) kishi kim?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Imkoniyati cheklanganlik holatini ifoda etuvchi \u201cuzrli\u201d, \u201cmajruh\u201d kabi tushunchalar mavjud bo\u02bblsa-da, so\u02bbnggi paytlarda umumiy qabul qilingan tushuncha \u201cnogiron\u201d tushunchasidir. Hatto bugungi kunda bu tushunchaning jamiyat nazarida yanada ichkilashtirilishi va psixologik ta\u02bcsiri tufayli \u201cimkoniyatsiz\u201d sifatida ishlatilayotgani ham kuzatilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining General Assambleyasi tomonidan qabul qilingan \u201cMajruh shaxslar huquqlari deklaratsiyasi\u201dda nogiron shaxsning ta\u02bcrifi shunday qilib berilgan: \u201cOddiy bir shaxsning shaxsiy yoki ijtimoiy hayotida o\u02bbzi bajarishi kerak bo\u02bblgan ishlarni, jismoniy yoki ruhiy qobiliyatidagi tug\u02bbma yoki keyinchalik paydo bo\u02bblgan har qanday nuqson tufayli bajara olmaydigan shaxslardir\u201d[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNogiron<\/strong> \u2013 tug\u02bbma yoki keyinchalik paydo bo\u02bblgan har qanday kasallik yoki baxtsiz hodisa natijasida jismoniy, aqliy, ruhiy, hissiy yoki ijtimoiy qobiliyatlarini turli darajalarda yo\u02bbqotgan, odatiy hayotning talablariga moslasha olmaydigan shaxsdir\u201d[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nogiron tushunchasi<\/strong> \u2013 aql, ruh, badan va a\u02bczolarda mavjud bo\u02bblgan bir nuqson va kasallik tufayli hayotini davom ettirishda, ishlarni bajarishda va jamiyatga moslashishda qiyinchilik chekayotgan shaxslarni ifoda etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jahon sog\u02bbliqni saqlash tashkiloti nogironlik konsepsiyasini quyidagicha tasniflagan va muayyan qo\u02bbllanmalarga asoslangan holda, sog\u02bbliq bo\u02bbyicha aniq ta\u02bcrif va tasniflar taqdim etgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nuqson<\/strong> (Impairment): “Sog\u02bbliq nuqtayi nazaridan \u201cnuqson\u201d; psixologik, anatomik yoki fizik tuzilish va funksiyalardagi bir nuqson yoki muvozanatsizlikni anglatadi”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nogironlik<\/strong> (Disability): “Sog\u02bbliq sog\u02bbliq sohasida \u201cnogironlik\u201d bir nuqson natijasida yuzaga kelgan va oddiy insonga nisbatan muayyan bir ishni bajara olish qobiliyatini yo\u02bbqotish yoki chegaralash holatini anglatadi”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Malollik, nogironlik<\/strong> (Handicap): “Sog\u02bbliq sohasida \u201cmalollik\u201d bir nuqson yoki nogironlik natijasida, ma\u02bclum bir shaxsda yuzaga kelgan va uning yosh, jins, ijtimoiy va madaniy holatiga ko\u02bbra oddiy deb hisoblanadigan faoliyatni bajarish qobiliyatini cheklaydigan va chegaralaydigan kamchilikni anglatadi”[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Roviy kim?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Lug\u02bbatda \u201cSuv boshiga borib suv ichmoq; hadis rivoyat qilish\u201d ma\u02bcnolaridagi rivoyat so\u02bbzidan kelib chiqqan \u201croviy\u201d (ko\u02bbplik shakli \u2013 ruvot) atamasi, termin sifatida “Hadisni o\u02bbrgangan va uni ado etish terminlaridan biri bilan rivoyat qilgan shaxs” ma\u02bcnosida ishlatiladi. Bu atama \u201cHadisni ilk bor aytgan kishiga nisbatan rivoyat qilgan kishi\u201d, ba\u02bczan esa \u201cHadis to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida ma\u02bclumoti bor yoki bo\u02bblmagan holda uni sanadi bilan rivoyat qilgan kishi\u201d sifatida musnidning muqobili sifatida ta\u02bcriflanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roviy so\u02bbzidan fiqhu-r-roviy, adolatu-r-roviy, bid\u02bcatu-r-roviy, fisqu-r-roviy, jaholatu-r-roviy; ko\u02bbplik shakli bo\u02bblgan ruvotdan esa tasmiyatu-r-ruvot, tabaqotu-r-ruvot, holu-r-ruvot (ahvolu-r-ruvot), buldonu-r-ruvot (avtonu-r-ruvot va buldonuhum) kabi terminlar paydo bo\u02bblgan[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nogiron roviy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nogiron kishi \u201cnuqsoni bo\u02bblgan, badanining qaysidir qismi yoki a\u02bczosi yo\u02bbq yoki nuqsonli bo\u02bblgan odam\u201d ma\u02bcnosini anglatuvchi sifat hisoblanadi. Bizning tadqiqotimizda ko\u02bbrish va eshitish nuqsoni yoki badanining qaysidir qismi; qo\u02bbl, yelka yoki oyoq kabi a\u02bczolari yo\u02bbq roviylar tahlilini o\u02bbrganish maqsad qilingan. Bu nuqsonlarni ifoda etuvchi tushunchalarni o\u02bbrganadigan bo\u02bblsak, quyidagi tartibda saralash va izohlash mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbrish nuqsoni bilan bog\u02bbliq tushunchalar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbrish nuqsonini ifoda etuvchi ko\u02bbplab tushunchalar mavjud. Ular orasida eng keng tarqalgani a\u02bcmo so\u02bbzidir. Umuman olganda, bu so\u02bbz boshqa barcha tushunchalar uchun ham qo\u02bbllanilgan. Shuning uchun avvalo bu tushuncha zikr etiladi, so\u02bbngra boshqa tushunchalarga qisqacha to\u02bbxtalib o\u02bbtiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u02bcmo <\/strong>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu so\u02bbzning kelib chiqishi arabcha bo\u02bblib, \u0639\u0645\u064a so\u02bbzidan kelib chiqqan va davomiylikni ifoda etuvchi sifati mushabbaha qolipidandir. Ko\u02bbrish qobiliyatining to\u02bbliq yo\u02bbqolishi, ikki ko\u02bbzning ham ko\u02bbrish qobiliyatidan mahrum bo\u02bblishi kabi ma\u02bcnolarni anglatadi. Bu so\u02bbz bir ko\u02bbzning ko\u02bbrish qobiliyatini yo\u02bbqotishni anglatmaydi. Chunki u har ikkala ko\u02bbzning ham ko\u02bbrish qobiliyatidan to\u02bbliq mahrum bo\u02bblishini anglatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u02bcmo tushunchasi ko\u02bbzning ko\u02bbrish qobiliyatini yo\u02bbqotishi ma\u02bcnosida haqiqiy ma\u02bcnosini anglatgani kabi, qalbning g\u02bbaflat va zalolatga tushishi ma\u02bcnosida ham qo\u02bbllanilgan. Bu borada Alloh taolo shunday marhamat qilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKimki, bu (dunyo)da ko\u02bbr (gumroh) ekan, bas, u oxiratda ham ko\u02bbr va butunlay yo\u02bbldan ozuvchidir\u201d[7]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan oldingi oyatda Alloh taolo dunyo ne\u02bcmatlarini sanab o\u02bbtgan, shundan keyin \u201cbu ne\u02bcmatlarni ko\u02bbrmagan, ko\u02bbrishdan bosh tortgan va zalolatga tushganlar oxiratda ham bu ne\u02bcmatlarni ko\u02bbra olmaydi va zalolat yo\u02bbliga mustahiq bo\u02bbladi\u201d, deb ta\u02bckidlagan. Oyatda bu tushuncha majoziy ma\u02bcnoda qo\u02bbllangani xabar qilingan[8]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, ko\u02bbplab so\u02bbz va tushunchalarda bo\u02bblgani kabi, bu so\u02bbzning ham haqiqiy va majoziy ma\u02bcnolari mavjud. Ammo bizning tadqiqotimizda bu tushunchalarning haqiqiy ma\u02bcnolariga e\u02bctibor qaratiladi. Shunga ko\u02bbra, a\u02bcmo so\u02bbzi ko\u02bbrish qobiliyatini to\u02bbliq yo\u02bbqotgan ma\u02bcnosida baholanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>[1]<\/a> Alptekin H. Engel t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve spor yapma ali\u015fkanli\u011finin giri\u015fimcilik \u00fczerine etkilerinin incelenmesi. 3\/2018.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> Musayev \u0130. Engelli bireylerin din e\u011fitimi. 7\/2013.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a> Gencer M. Engellilik durumu ve engellilere y\u00f6nelik toplumsal algi. 10\/2019.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a> T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k devlet istatistik enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015fkanli\u011fi. 2004.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a> Koca C. Engelsiz \u015fehir planlamasi bilgilendirme raporu. 4\/2010.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a> Efendio\u011flu M. Roviy. TDIE, 2020.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a> Isro surasi, 72-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a> Ibn Manzur. Lisonul arab. \u2013 Bayrut: Doru Sodir, 1993. J. 15. \u2013 B. 95.<\/span><\/div>\n
Otabek MUHAMMADIYEV,
\nImom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi katta ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Insoniyatning paydo bo\u02bblishidan buyon hayotning bir haqiqati sifatida mavjud bo\u02bblgan nogironlik holati ayrim e\u02bctiqod va jamiyatlarda shaxsning kamchiligi va nuqsoni sifatida qabul qilingan, ba\u02bczi hollarda jamiyatdan izolyatsiya qilinib, nogironning yanada qiyin shart-sharoitlarda hayot kechirishga sabab bo\u02bblgan. Ammo buning aksi o\u02bblaroq islom dini ham jamiyat hayotida, ham diniy hayot qoidalari doirasida nogiron shaxsga nisbatan imtiyozlar berish …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40520,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNOGIRONLIGI BOR (IMKONIYATI CHEKLANGAN) ROVIYLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"NOGIRONLIGI BOR (IMKONIYATI CHEKLANGAN) ROVIYLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40519&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NOGIRONLIGI BOR (IMKONIYATI CHEKLANGAN) ROVIYLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NOGIRONLIGI BOR (IMKONIYATI CHEKLANGAN) ROVIYLAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40519&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T13:19:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/roviylar200225.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"513\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40519&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40519&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"NOGIRONLIGI BOR (IMKONIYATI CHEKLANGAN) ROVIYLAR - 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