{"id":40419,"date":"2025-02-21T09:45:33","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T04:45:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=40419"},"modified":"2025-02-17T12:04:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T07:04:42","slug":"o%ca%bbrta-osiyo-hududiga-mo%ca%bbg%ca%bbullar-boshliq-urug%ca%bb-qabilalarning-ko%ca%bbchib-kelishiga-doir-ziddiyatlar-va-yangicha-qarashlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40419&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO HUDUDIGA MO\u02bbG\u02bbULLAR BOSHLIQ URUG\u02bb-QABILALARNING KO\u02bbCHIB KELISHIGA DOIR ZIDDIYATLAR VA YANGICHA QARASHLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chingizxon boshliq Mo\u02bbg\u02bbul imperiyasi tarixi jahon xalqlari tarixida ham muhim o\u02bbrin tutadi. O\u02bbtgan sakkiz asr mobaynida mo\u02bbg\u02bbulshunos, nomadolog (ko\u02bbch-manchishunos), sharqshunos va tarixchi olimlar diqqat markazida bo\u02bblgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar tarixining turli jihatlari haqida xorij va mahalliy tadqiqotchilar tomonidan izlanishlar amalga oshirilgan. Shunga qaramasdan, bu davrda mintaqadagi etnik holat, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar qo\u02bbshinining etnik tarkibi va shunga doir masalalar haligacha to\u02bbla yechim topmagan. Yuqoridagilardan kelib chiqib, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bilan birga O\u02bbrta Osiyoga kirib kelgan urug\u02bb-qabilalar va ularning manbalarda aks etishiga doir masalalarni tahlil qilmoqchimiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIII asr boshlarida uzoq davom etgan kurashlardan so\u02bbng, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning qiyot-bo\u02bbrjig\u02bbin qabilasiga mansub Temuchin aksariyat qabilalarni bo\u02bbysundirib, yangi davlatga asos soldi [29:117-121]. 1190-yilga qadar Temuchin yon atrofidagi mo\u02bbg\u02bbul qabilalarini birlashtirdi va boshqa xalqlar ustiga yurish boshladi [43:235-255]. 1202-yil tatarlar, 1203-yil kerayitlar, 1204-1205-yillarda naymanlar va markitlar mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bosqiniga uchradi [35:148-149]. 1206-yilgi qurultoyda Temuchin \u201cChingizxon\u201d nomi bilan xonlikka ko\u02bbtarildi [39:158]. Shu tariqa Chingizxonning qo\u02bbshni ko\u02bbchmanchi xalqlar va o\u02bbtroq davlatlarni bosib olishdan iborat faoliyati boshlandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1207, 1209 va 1227-yillardagi hujumlardan so\u02bbng Tang\u02bbut davlati batamom mo\u02bbg\u02bbul imperiyasiga qo\u02bbshib olindi [35:149-151; 41: 173-174]. Chingizxon 1207-yilda qirg\u02bbizlar va boshqa \u201co\u02bbrmon xalqlari\u201dni tobe\u02bc qildi [35:151]. 1208-1209-yillarda markit-nayman ittifoqi parchalandi [35:146-152] va natijada markitlar guruhlarga bo\u02bblinib, yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblib ketish darajasiga yetdi. Naymanlar sardori Kuchluk qoraxitoylar go\u02bbrxoni yordamida 1218-yilgacha jonini omon saqladi [14: 70-87, 128]. 1209-yil oyratlar ham bo\u02bbysundirildi. Shu yili Idikut Barchuq boshliq uyg\u02bburlar qoraxitoylardan qutulib, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullardan qochgan markitlarni yo\u02bbq qildi va bu bilan Chingizxonga tobelik bildirdi [18:238].<\/span><\/p>\n

Chingizxonning 1211-1215, 1232-yillarda uyushtirgan yurishlari natijasida Xitoy to\u02bbla egallandi [35:76-78, 95].<\/span><\/p>\n

Chingizxon naymanlar xoni Kuchluk ortidan g\u02bbarbga siljiydi. Kuchlukning musulmonlarni ta\u02bcqib qilishi va ularni Chingizxondan yordam so\u02bbrashi natijasida 1218-yil sobiq qoraxitoylar mulki \u2013 Sharqiy Turkiston va Yettisuv ham mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar ixtiyoriga o\u02bbtdi [42:56-58]. 1217-1219-yillarda markitlarning qolgan qismi mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarga qarshi bosh ko\u02bbtardi, ammo bu foyda bermay, ularning sardori To\u02bbqtabegi o\u02bbldirildi [3: 8-9; 13: 17-23]. Shuni ta\u02bckidlash joizki, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning markitlar yurtiga yurishi aslida Xorazmshohlar bilan bo\u02bblajak to\u02bbqnashuv oldidan ahvolni o\u02bbrganish va nazorat qilishga qaratilgan reja edi. Yuqorida aytilganidek, bu holat \u201cO\u02bbtror voqeasi\u201d jarayonni tezlashishiga xizmat qildi va 1219-yil kuzda boshlangan urush natijasida uch yildan so\u02bbng Xorazmshohlar davlati batamom yakson etildi [16:43; 35:199-217].<\/span><\/p>\n

Maqolada XIII asr forsiy, arabiy va boshqa tillarda yozilgan o\u02bbnlab manbalaridagi Chingizxonning bosqinchilik yurishlariga oid ma\u02bclumotlar xolislik tamoyili asosida tahlil qilindi. Xususan, Juvayniyning \u201cTarixi jahonkushoy\u201d, Rashididdinning \u201cJome at-tavorix\u201d, Jamol Qarshiyning \u201cMulhaqot as-suroh\u201d va boshqalar shular jumlasidandir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u02bbg\u02bbul istilosi XIII asr oxiriga qadar davom etdi va natijada qirqqa yaqin davlat ularning bosqiniga duchor bo\u02bbldi [40:107-139]. Ular Movarounnahr shahar va qishloqlarini vayron qilib, aholiga nisbatan shafqatsiz siyosat olib bordi. Ularning aksariyati asir sifatida Mo\u02bbg\u02bbulistonga olib ketildi. Natijada, bu davrda Movarounnahr aholisining katta qismi yo\u02bbq qilindi. Masalan, 1221-1222-yillarda Samarqandda bo\u02bblgan xitoylik rohib Chan Chun urushgacha bu yerda 100 ming xonadon yashagani, mo\u02bbg\u02bbul istilosidan so\u02bbng aholining faqat to\u02bbrtdan bir qismi qolganini [28:311; 17:137-142] yozadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Omon qolgan xalq og\u02bbir iqtisodiy qiyinchilikda yashar, qishloq aholisi bir necha yil mobaynida unumli dehqonchilik qilolmagan edi. Moli va yeridan ajralgan xalqqa dehqonchilikni yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyish mushkul bo\u02bblib, hosil olgan taqdirda ham mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar katta o\u02bblpon solib, yetishtirilgan mahsulotni tortib olgan. Ayni shu yillarda voha atroflarida ko\u02bbchib yurgan chorvadorlar soni ham keskin kamaydi. Chorvadorlar mol-mulki musodara qilinib, o\u02bbzi asir olindi. Xullas, mo\u02bbg\u02bbul istilosi mintaqa xalqlari boshiga og\u02bbir kulfat keltirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bosqinidan keyin Movarounnahrdagi aholi qariyb yarim asr mobaynida etnik tarkibini tiklay olmadi. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar ko\u02bbp ming yillik tarixga ega shaharlarni vayron qildi. Natijada, Movarounnahr taraqqiyoti bir necha asrlar orqaga uloqtirib tashlandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vohalardagi kamchil aholining etnik holati deyarli o\u02bbzgarmadi. Mahalliy xalqning asosini avvalgi davrdagidek o\u02bbtroq aholi tashkil qilgan. Kambag\u02bballashgan yarim ko\u02bbchmanchi va yarim o\u02bbtroq qavmlar o\u02bbtroqlashib, mahalliy aholiga aralashib ketdi. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bosqinidan keyin ancha vaqtgacha yangi etnoslar Movarounnahrga ko\u02bbchib kelmadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1224-yilda Chingizxon imperiyasi hududini o\u02bbg\u02bbillari o\u02bbrtasida uluslarga taqsimlaganda Mo\u02bbg\u02bbuliston, Movarounnahr va Turkiston hududlari Chig\u02bbatoyga beriladi [26: 366]. Shuningdek, boshqa uluslar qatori Chig\u02bbatoy ulusini ham sipoh va muhofizlar qo\u02bbshini bilan ta\u02bcminlab, ma\u02bclum bir urug\u02bb-qabilalarni uning hukmiga topshiradi. O\u02bbzbek xalqi etnik masalalari yoritilgan ko\u02bbplab tadqiqotlarda Movarounnahr va unga qo\u02bbshni hududlarga mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar boshliq turli etnoslarning ko\u02bbchirilishi XIII asr 60-yillaridan boshlab amalga oshirila boshlangani ta\u02bckidlanadi [38:385-386; 7: 452]. Bunga sabab qilib, shu yillarda Chig\u02bbatoy ulusi hokimiyat talashishlar natijasida asta-sekin kuchsizlana boshlangani ko\u02bbrsatiladi. Ammo manbalarga ko\u02bbra, Chingizxon mamlakatni uluslarga taqsimlaganda to\u02bbrtta qabilani mingboshisi boshchiligida Chig\u02bbatoy ulusiga yuboradi. Bu qabilalarning nomi va mingboshilari xususidagi ma\u02bclumotlar manbalarda turlicha. Xususan, \u201cMo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning maxfiy tarixi\u201dga ko\u02bbra, Chingizxon Chig\u02bbatoyga qo\u02bbshin taqsim qilganda uning hissasiga Xarachar (Qorachor), Mungge, Idoxudoy, Kokochos ismli mingboshilarni beradi. Ular orasidan Kokochos Chig\u02bbatoy mushaviri bo\u02bblib, barin (bahrin)lardan, Xarachar barloslardan, Mungge jaloyirlardan edi [27:162]. Ammo Idoxudoyning qabilasi nomi keltirilmagan. Rashididdin Chingizxon Chig\u02bbatoyga to\u02bbrt mingboshi bergani haqida so\u02bbz yuritib, faqatgina barloslardan Barulatay va Qorachor, jaloyirlardan Mungge no\u02bbyon nomini tilga olgan [35:275]. \u201cMuizz al-ansob\u201dda esa Qorachor (barlos), Muge (jaloyir), Qishilik (sulduz), kichik Chig\u02bbatoy (sunit) va Koshuk (yoki Kosu shaklida ham o\u02bbqiladi) no\u02bbyon nomi keltirilgan. Chig\u02bbatoy ulusida barlos, jaloyir, sulduz birliklarining mavjudligi haqiqatdir. Ammo sunit etnik guruhining bo\u02bblgani boshqa tarixiy manbalarda uchramaydi. Shunga ko\u02bbra, bu 4-etnik guruh arlotlar bo\u02bblgan deyishga asos bor [27:62-163; 33:94]. Chunki arlotlar keyinchalik ham Amir Temur va temuriylar imperiyasidagi asosiy etnoslardan hisoblangan. Bundan tashqari, Chingizxon Chig\u02bbatoyga nayman xalqidan iborat sakkiz ming kishilik qo\u02bbshinni ham ajratadi [27:162]. Ko\u02bbchib kelgan mingboshilar o\u02bbzi bilan birga oilasi va qabiladoshlarini ham Chig\u02bbatoy ulusi hududiga ko\u02bbchirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu qabilalarning ulus hududiga kelib o\u02bbrnashish davri masalasiga qaytsak. Rashididdinga ko\u02bbra, Chig\u02bbatoy xoni Baroqxon (1266-1271) va uning vorislari davrida, ya\u02bcni XIII asr 60-yillaridan jaloyirlar nufuzi ancha ortib, 3-4 minglik maxsus otliq bo\u02bblinmani tashkil qilgan [33:99]. Ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, ulusga kelib o\u02bbrnashgan qabilalar (mingliklar) XIII asr 60-yillaridan emas, 20-yillardanoq kirib kelgan va 60-yillarga kelib ularning nufuzi 3-4 barobarga ortgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chig\u02bbatoy ulusiga kelib joylashgan yirik etnoslardan yana biri jaloyirlar edi. Ular har biri ming oiladan iborat yetmish urug\u02bbga bo\u02bblingan [10:39]. Rashididdin jaloyirlarni XII asrda Onon va Kerulen daryolari havzalarida yashagan mo\u02bbg\u02bbul deb ataluvchi turk qabilasi sifatida zikr etadi [32:129-149]. Unga ko\u02bbra, jaloyirlar asli turkiy qabila bo\u02bblib, keyinchalik, mo\u02bbg\u02bbul tilini o\u02bbzlashtirgan. Abulg\u02bboziy jaloyirlar mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning darlagin eliga taqalishini ta\u02bckidlab, bu el nukuz avlodi [1:43], deydi. V.V.Bartold, I.P.Petrushevskiy, P.B.Golden kabi olimlar ularni mo\u02bbg\u02bbul tilli xalq ekanini yozadi [9:173; 18:256-257]. S.A.Amanjo\u02bblovga ko\u02bbra, jaloyirlarning asosiy negizi turklar bo\u02bblgan. Olim Rashididdinga tayanib, jaloyir qabilasi tarkibida quriqin, tulangit, turi etnonimlari borligini aytadi [5:43-45]. K.Shoniyozovning ta\u02bckidlashicha, quriqinlar yoqut va yenisey qirg\u02bbizlarining ilk ajdodlari edi [38:385]. Tulengiy, tele (telengit) atamasi qadimgi turkiy qabila ittifoqining nomi bo\u02bblib, IV-V asrlarda 11 qabilani birlashtirgan yirik etnik uyushma hisoblangan. Ularning keyingi avlodlari hozir ham (telengit, teles, teleut nomlari bilan) Oltoy va Sibirning bir necha mintaqalarida saqlanib qolgan. Shunga ko\u02bbra, telengit, quriqin va turilar turkiy xalq bo\u02bblganini inobatga olsak, jaloyirlarning turkiy ekaniga shubha qolmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Haqiqatda, jaloyirlar Onon va Kerulen bo\u02bbylarida istiqomat qilayotgan vaqtda mo\u02bbg\u02bbul tilida so\u02bbzlashgan. Buni shu davrdagi shaxs ismlari ham isbotlaydi [44:271]. Ular dastlab Dashti Qipchoqqa, keyinchalik Movarounnahrda o\u02bbrnashgach, til jihatidan turklashadilar. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xoni Keyxatuning jaloyirlardan bo\u02bblgan xotinidan tug\u02bbilgan farzandlarining ismlari Qutlug\u02bb, el-Qutlug\u02bb, az-Qutlug\u02bb [44:272] bo\u02bblgani ham ularni til jihatidan turklashganini ko\u02bbrsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Movarounnahrda o\u02bbrnashgan jaloyirlarga Yesun no\u02bbyonning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Muka boshchilik qilgan [33:94]. Ular Angren havzalari va Xo\u02bbjand atrofida joylashgan. O\u02bbnta yirik qabiladan iborat jaloyirlarning aksariyati kidanlarga qarshi jangda halok bo\u02bblgan. Baroqxon va uning avlodlari davrida ular yanada kuchayib, Chig\u02bbatoy xonlarining asosiy harbiy kuchiga aylangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIII asr davomida jaloyirlarning bir guruhi Ozarbayjon va Iroqqa ko\u02bbchib, o\u02bbz davlatini barpo qilgan [36:15-16]. XIV asr o\u02bbrtalarida ularning boshqa guruhi Eron shimolida o\u02bbrnashib, Jaloyirlar sulolasiga asos solgan. Bu vaqtda ularning yana bir qismi Oltin O\u02bbrda hududida istiqomat qilgan [18:249]. Ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning boshqa uluslarida ham yirik etnos sifatida siyosiy hayotda faol o\u02bbrin tutgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jaloyirlar bilan birga mintaqaga kelib o\u02bbrnashgan barloslarning vatani Onon va Kerulen daryolari havzalarida edi [1:46]. Ular dastlab mo\u02bbg\u02bbul tilida so\u02bbzlashgan, keyinchalik, Dashti Qipchoqqa ko\u02bbchib, u yerdagi turkiy etnoslar ta\u02bcsirida til jihatidan turklashgan. Barloslar Movarounnahrga kirib kelgandan so\u02bbng, tamoman turklashib ketgan [44:82].<\/span><\/p>\n

Chingizxon davrida barloslar yirik va ishonchli kuchga aylangan. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar istilosi davrida tilga olingan Tog\u02bbochor no\u02bbyon[1]<\/a>, Qubilay noyon [35:189]\u00a0 va Qorachur noyon [37:21]\u00a0 (Qorachor no\u02bbyon \u2013 U.S.) qabilaning yirik harbiy lavozimdagi vakillari edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chingizxon vorislari davrida barloslarning bir qismi Ili daryosi chap sohilida, Sharqiy Turkistonning g\u02bbarbiy hududlari va Qoshg\u02bbarda o\u02bbrnashdi. Qoshg\u02bbardagi barloslar boshlig\u02bbi XV asrda Amir Mirak Mirzo edi. Mirzo Haydar bu haqda \u201cMirzo amakimga tog\u02bba bo\u02bblib, barcha kengash va majlislarda ularning fikrlari asosiy hisoblangan\u201d [26:423], degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ili daryosi bo\u02bbylari va Sharqiy Turkistonda yashovchi barloslarning bir qismi XIII asr 20-yillaridan Qashqadaryo vohasiga kelib o\u02bbrnashdi. Rashididdinning yozishicha, 1224-yil Chingizxon Chig\u02bbatoyga ulus uchun to\u02bbrt ming kishilik qo\u02bbshin berganda, uning ming kishilik bo\u02bblinmasi barloslardan iborat bo\u02bblgan. Unga Barulatoy va Qorachor no\u02bbyon boshchilik qilgan [35:275]. Barloslarning ushbu guruhi Amir Temurning qavmdoshlari bo\u02bblib, keyinchalik, Sohibqironga sidqidildan xizmat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Barloslarning etnogenezi bugungi kunda ham to\u02bbla yechim topmagan va bu xususda turli qarashlar mavjud. Xususan, ularni V.V.Bartold mo\u02bbg\u02bbul tilli xalq [9:173], Z.V.To\u02bbg\u02bbon asil mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xalqi [44:64], P.B.Golden esa turklashgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbul qabilasi [18:256-257], deb yozadi. Rashididdin bergan ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, barloslarning ilk ajdodlari turklar bo\u02bblib, keyin mo\u02bbg\u02bbul nomini olgan nurun qabila ittifoqiga kirgan [35:178-198]. Shunga ko\u02bbra, ularning ajdodlari turkiy xalqlar bo\u02bblganiga shubha qolmaydi. Ta\u02bckidlash joizki, barloslar uzoq vaqt mobaynida mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bilan birga yashab, ularning tilini o\u02bbzlashtirgan. A.Yu.Zuyev xitoy manbalarini tahlil qilib, barloslar turkiy xalq [49:178-185], degan xulosaga keladi. Bu esa barloslarni turkiy xalq ekanini manbalar asosida yana bir karra isbotlaydi. Keltirilgan ma\u02bclumotlarga asoslanib, barloslarning etnogenezi turkiy etnoslar bilan bevosita bog\u02bbliq, desak mubolag\u02bba bo\u02bblmaydi. Bizgacha yetib kelgan O\u02bbzbekiston va Tojikistondagi barloslar o\u02bbzini turk-barloslar deb atagani ham bunga yorqin misoldir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naymanlar ham XIII asr 20-yillarida Chig\u02bbatoy ulusi hududiga kelib joylashgan asosiy etnoslardan edi. Ularning kelib chiqishi borasida turli qarashlar mavjud. Bir guruh tarixchilar nayman mo\u02bbg\u02bbulchada \u201csakkiz\u201d, \u201csakkiz qabila\u201d degan ma\u02bcnolarni anglatishiga qarab, ularni mo\u02bbg\u02bbul desa [18:236], boshqalari ularning turkiyligini isbotlashga harakat qiladi [32:249-251].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, qadimgi sharq qo\u02bblyozmalari va O\u02bbrxun yozuvlarida \u201csakkiz o\u02bbg\u02bbuz\u201d qabila ittifoqi tilga olingan. X asr o\u02bbrtalarida ular yashagan yerlarni qoraxitoylar ishg\u02bbol qilgach, ularning vassallariga aylangan bu xalq naymanlar deb atala boshlangan [48:98].<\/span><\/p>\n

XIII asrda naymanlar mo\u02bbg\u02bbullashgan edi. Aksariyat qismi xristian bo\u02bblgan naymanlar [44:262] uyg\u02bburlar urf-odatlarini qabul qiladi. Naymanlar uyg\u02bburlar bilan yaqin madaniy aloqada bo\u02bblgan. Darvoqe, XIII asr boshlarida nayman xoni o\u02bbz qarorgohida o\u02bbqimishli uyg\u02bburni davlat muhrini saqlash va yozuv ishlari uchun saqlagan. U Xitoy transkripsiyasida \u201cTa-ta-tonga\u201d deb atalgan [48:97].<\/span><\/p>\n

XIII asr boshlarida Nayman davlati parchalangach, ularning xoni Tayangxonning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Kuchluk avval amakisi Buyruqxondan, keyin Ili daryosi sohilidagi qoraxitoylardan yordam so\u02bbraydi [34:135-138]. Bu vaqtda naymanlar bir qancha tumandan iborat yirik va kuchli qabila edi. Chingizxon ularning katta qismini qirib yuboradi. Qolganlari Chingizxonning keyingi harbiy yurishlarida ishtirok etadi. Manbalarga ko\u02bbra, Chingizxon ularni o\u02bbg\u02bbillari hamda yaqin qarindoshlari orasida bo\u02bblib beradi. Xususan, Chingizxon onasi va kichik ukasi Otchiginga o\u02bbn ming, Jo\u02bbjiga to\u02bbqqiz ming, Chig\u02bbatoyga sakkiz ming, Ugadoyga besh ming, Tuluga besh ming, Xasarga to\u02bbrt ming, Alchidayga ikki ming, Belgutayga bir ming besh yuz odam berdi [27:162]. Natijada, naymanlar parchalanib, yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblib ketish darajasiga yetadi. Manbalarda Chig\u02bbatoy ulusiga ko\u02bbchirilgan naymanlarning joylashgan hududi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida aniq ma\u02bclumot keltirilmagan. Ammo \u201cZafarnoma\u201dda ushbu qabilaning bir qismi shimoliy Xuroson va Amudaryo bo\u02bbylarida yashayotgani haqida ma\u02bclumot berilgan. Shuningdek, ularning yirik amirlaridan biri Muhammad Xoja Apardiy haqida so\u02bbz yuritilgan [50:316]. Amir Temur qo\u02bbshinida ham naymanlar bo\u02bblib, ularga Oqbug\u02bba nayman boshchilik qilgan [50:46]. Naymanlarning Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida ham yetakchi harbiy-siyosiy kuch ekaniga qaraganda ular Movarounnahr va unga tutash hududlarda istiqomat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naymanlarning boshqa bir qismi Jo\u02bbji ulusida\u00a0 bo\u02bblib, keyinchalik, ko\u02bbchmanchi o\u02bbzbeklar hukmdori Abulxayrxon ularga Tura shahri dorug\u02bbaligini topshiradi [44:292].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrda Movarounnahrda o\u02bbrnashgan etnoslardan yana biri sulduzlar bo\u02bblib, ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbul tilida so\u02bbzlashuvchi qabila edi [44:82]. Abulg\u02bboziy sulduzlarni mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xalqi, deb ataydi [1:41]. Bu fikrni P.B.Golden ham takrorlaydi [18:256-257].<\/span><\/p>\n

Chingizxon saroyidagi nufuzli amirlar sulduzlardan bo\u02bblgan [34:172-174]. Ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning Mo\u02bbg\u02bbuliston, Xitoy va Erondagi (Elxoniylar) davlatlarida yuqori amallarda xizmat qilgan. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko\u02bbrsatadiki, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar davrida sulduzlar boshqa qabilalarga qaraganda bir qancha ko\u02bbp tumanni tashkil etgan [44:252]. Rashididdinga ko\u02bbra, ular Chingizxonga toyjovutlarga qarshi kurashda yordam bergan. Bu davrda ularga Toyju sulduz boshchilik qilgan [34:172-174, 180-183].<\/span><\/p>\n

Sulduzlarning katta guruhi Chingizxon qo\u02bbshini tarkibida Dashti Qipchoqda, qisman Movarounnahr va shimoliy Afg\u02bbonistonda ham o\u02bbrnashgan. Undan keyingi davrlarda sulduzlarning ma\u02bclum qismi Ozarbayjon va Eronga ko\u02bbchib o\u02bbtadi. Movarounnahrdagi sulduzlar Amir Qazag\u02bbon vafot etgach, amir Bayon Sulduz yetakchiligida bir necha yil Samarqandni boshqargan. Ularning boshqa qismi XIV asr o\u02bbrtalarida O\u02bbljoy Buqo Sulduz rahbarligida Balxda yashagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIII asr 20-yillarida Movarounnahrga kelib o\u02bbrnashgan yana bir yirik etnos \u2013 arlotlar bo\u02bblib, ularning vatani Mo\u02bbg\u02bbuliston edi [35:78, 87-88]. Rashididdin arlotlarni haqiqiy mo\u02bbg\u02bbul qavmi sifatida tilga oladi. Uning yozishicha, arlot kishi nomi bo\u02bblib, keyinchalik o\u02bbsha shaxs nomi qabilaga nisbatan qo\u02bbllangan [35:78, 87-88]. Abulg\u02bboziy ham bu fikrni takrorlab, arlotning ma\u02bcnosi \u2013 \u201cotani sevgan o\u02bbg\u02bbil\u201d [1:40], degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arlotlar Movarounnahrda yashab, o\u02bbz tilini asta-sekin unutib, turkiy tilni qabul qilgan. Yettisuv arlotlarining bir qismi Surxondaryo viloyatining janubi, Termiz atroflari va shimoliy Afg\u02bboniston mintaqalariga o\u02bbrnashadi. Ular keyinchalik, Amir Temurga sadoqat bilan xizmat qilib, uning harbiy yurishlarida ishtirok etgan [26:87].<\/span><\/p>\n

Arlotlarning sharqiy Chig\u02bbatoy ulusi (Mo\u02bbg\u02bbuliston)da qolgan guruhlari mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xonlari davrida yuqori mansablarni egallagan. Arlotlar Elxoniylar davlatida ham katta mavqega ega yirik qabila hisoblangan [44:231]. Ammo ba\u02bczi mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xonlari arlotlarni yoqtirmagan [26:187].<\/span><\/p>\n

Qavchin muhofiz qo\u02bbshini ham mo\u02bbg\u02bbul hukmdorlari bilan Movarounnahr va unga tutash hududlarga kelib, o\u02bbrnashib qolgan. Ular dastlabki yillarda Chig\u02bbatoy hukmdorlari qayerda to\u02bbxtab, joylashgan bo\u02bblsa, shu yerda o\u02bbrnashgan. Chig\u02bbatoylilar Ili vodiysidan Movarounnahr ichkarisiga siljigani sari qavchinlar ham mamlakat ichkarisiga kelib joylashgan. Ularning mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xonlari bilan birga harakatlanishiga sabab \u2013 muhofiz qo\u02bbshini ekanidir. Ular Chingizxon imperiya tashkil etgan ilk yillardanoq turli urug\u02bb-qabilalardan tashkil etilgan qo\u02bbriqlovchi guruh bo\u02bblgan. Ammo ular bu davrda qabila bo\u02bblmagan. Bundan anglashiladiki, qavchin termini dastlab etnonim sifatida qo\u02bbllanmagan. Bu so\u02bbz mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xonlarini qo\u02bbriqlovchi muhofiz guruhlariga nisbatan ishlatilgan umumiy nom bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qavchinlarning Movarounnahr va unga tutash mintaqalarga joylashishi xususida to\u02bbxtalsak. Aksariyat olimlar, jumladan K.Shoniyozov va A.Asqarovning o\u02bbzbek xalqining etnik tarixiga bag\u02bbishlangan qator tadqiqotlarida qavchin etnonimi kuzatiladi. Olimlar qavchinlarning Movarounnahrga kelib joylashishi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida deyarli bir xil ma\u02bclumot beradi [38:384; 7:452]. O.Bo\u02bbriyev \u201cZafarnoma\u201d muqaddimasiga asoslanib, qavchinlar Chingizxon davridan e\u02bctiborli qabilalardan sanalgani va Chingizxonning katta xotini Barta (Borte \u2013 U.S.) qavchinlarga mansub bo\u02bblganini ta\u02bckidlaydi [51:96]. Ammo \u201cMo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning maxfiy tarixi\u201d va \u201cJome at-tavorix\u201dda Borte fujin (ujin, kujin, kuchin shakllarida ham uchraydi) unggirat [Unggirat] qabilasidan\u00a0 Day sechenning qizi ekani aytilgan [27: 21; 35:68]. Rashididdin ism bilan birga kelgan shu kabi qo\u02bbshimchalar bu davrdagi boshqa oliymaqom turk-mo\u02bbg\u02bbul ayollari ismiga ham qo\u02bbshib aytilgan, degan. Xususan, Chingizxonning onasining ismi ham \u201cfujin\u201d, \u201cujin\u201d qo\u02bbshimchalari bilan birga tilga olingan. \u201cMo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning maxfiy tarixi\u201dda Hoelun-ujin, Juvayniyda Yesujin, Rashididdinda Oelun-fujin shakllarida uchraydi [27:17; 52:107; 35:51]. Rashididdinga ko\u02bbra, bu atamalar xitoycha so\u02bbz bo\u02bblib, turkiy \u201cxatun\u201d, \u201cxotun\u201d atamalari bilan aynan bir xildir [35:51]. Yana bir fakt \u201cTarixi Rashidiy\u201dga tegishli. Unga ko\u02bbra, \u201cQoshg\u02bbar va Xo\u02bbtan aholisi (ijtimoiy jihatdan bo\u02bblinish nazarda tutilgan \u2013 U.S.) \u201cto\u02bbrt qism\u201dga bo\u02bblinadi. Birinchisi \u201ctuman\u201d bo\u02bblib, raiyatni anglatgan. Ular xonga tobe bo\u02bblib, har yili soliq to\u02bblab turgan. Ikkinchisi \u201cqavchin\u201d \u2013 ularni ota-bobolarim boshqarib kelgan (Bu yerda qavchin etnonim sifatida emas, harbiy gvardiya uchun umumiy nom shaklida qo\u02bbllangan. Agar etnonim tarzida qo\u02bbllanilganda edi qolgan 3 guruhda ham etnonimlar keltirilgan bo\u02bblar edi. Dug\u02bblotlar Mo\u02bbg\u02bbulistonning ulusbegisi bo\u02bblgani uchun harbiy qo\u02bbshin ham to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri ularga bo\u02bbysungan \u2013 U.S. ). Keyingisi \u201caymoq\u201d deyiladi, ulardan har biri don, mato va boshqa narsalar ko\u02bbrinishida daromad olgan, ota-bobolarim ham shu qismga tegishli bo\u02bblgan. To\u02bbrtinchisi \u2013 shariat mansabdorlari, masjid, madrasa, vaqf yerlarining mutasaddilari bo\u02bblgan, ularning ko\u02bbpchiligi ota-bobolarimga tobe bo\u02bblgan\u201d [27:418].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqotlarda qavchinlar Movarounnahrga boshqa qabilalar qatorida qabila sifatida kelib o\u02bbrnashganidan ortiq ma\u02bclumot keltirilmagan. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar davri aks etgan birorta tarixiy manbada (Juvayniy, Rashididdin va boshq.) qavchin etnonimining qayd etilmagani ham bu davrda qavchin deb ataluvchi qabila bo\u02bblmaganini isbotlaydi. Faqatgina \u201cMo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning maxfiy tarixi\u201dda muhofiz qo\u02bbshini harbiy gvardiya uyushmasi mo\u02bbg\u02bbulcha harbiy \u201cqavchin\u201d deyilishiga ishora qilingani va keyinchalik temuriylar davri manbalarida ham qavchinlarni hukmdorlarning asosiy harbiy gvardiyasi bo\u02bblgani bizning yuqorida ilgari surgan fikrimizni tasdiqlaydi [46:35-39].<\/span><\/p>\n

Qavchinlar chingiziylar va temuriylar qo\u02bbshinida alohida nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan [53:49-51]. Temuriylar davri manbalarida Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek qo\u02bbshinining asosini qavchinlar tashkil qilgani bir necha marta tilga olingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIII-XIV asrlarda Movarounnahrga mo\u02bbg\u02bbul va turklashgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbul qabilalarining kirib kelishi yanada jadallashgan. Shu davrda o\u02bblkamizga yuqorida keltirilgan etnik guruhlardan tashqari olchin, dug\u02bblot, bahrin, markit, boyovut va boshqa ko\u02bbplab mo\u02bbg\u02bbul, turklashgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbul va turkiy qabilalar kirib kelgan. Ular nisbatan kam sonli bo\u02bblib, iqtisodiy holati ham turlicha bo\u02bblgan. Shu bois, avvalo, kambag\u02bbal qismi qisqa vaqtda mahalliy aholiga singib, madaniy-xo\u02bbjalik ta\u02bcsirida o\u02bbz tilini unutgan va turkiy tilda so\u02bbzlashgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Movarounnahrda o\u02bbrnashgan etnoslardan yana biri turklashgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbul qavmi sanalgan bahrinlar edi. Biroq Rashididdin ularni Chingizxon davridagi turk qabilalari qatorida tilga oladi [32:249-251]. Ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbul istilosi davrida Dashti Qipchoqqa kelib joylashib, vaqt o\u02bbtishi bilan turklashgan [53:55-56].<\/span><\/p>\n

Abulg\u02bboziyning yozishicha, mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xoni Bachin qayonning Barin ismli o\u02bbg\u02bbli bo\u02bblib, bahrinlar uning naslidan tarqalgan. Bahrinlar turk va mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xalqlari ijtimoiy hayotida muhim mavqega ega edi. Z.V.To\u02bbg\u02bbon ma\u02bclumotlariga ko\u02bbra, ular o\u02bbrdaga mansub \u201culug\u02bb bek\u201dlar chiqqan uyg\u02bbur, qiyot, boyovut va kongit qabilalari qatoridan joy olgan [44:252].<\/span><\/p>\n

Movarounnahrdagi bahrinlarning aksariyati Toshkent vohasi va Farg\u02bbona vodiysida, qolgan qismi esa Zarafshon vohasida o\u02bbrnashgan. Ular Sharqiy Chig\u02bbatoy ulusida ham talaygina bo\u02bblib, Do\u02bblandan uch kunlik yo\u02bblda joylashgan Uruqtomda istiqomat qilgan [26:263].<\/span><\/p>\n

Chig\u02bbatoy ulusi amaldorlari va sarkardalari orasida ham bahrinlar alohida o\u02bbrin tutgan. Xususan, sharqiy ulusda Yag\u02bblibey barin (bahrin) [44:366], Dumasa va Chanpu bahrinlar [26:81] (bular Ilyosxojaning amirlari edi), Erzan barin (Yunusxonni 30 ming uylik mo\u02bbg\u02bbul bilan birga Samarqandga Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek huzuriga olib borgan [26:136-137]) va boshq.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrda Chig\u02bbatoy ulusi hududlarida o\u02bbrnashgan etnoslardan yana biri dug\u02bblotlar edi. Rashididdinga ko\u02bbra, ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbul qabilasi bo\u02bblgan [34:78,193]. V.V.Bartold ham bu fikrni takrorlaydi [9: 529-533]. Ammo N.A.Aristov G\u02bbarbiy Turk xoqonligidagi yirik qabila ittifoqlaridan biri dulularni dug\u02bblotlar bilan bir xalq ekanini ta\u02bckidlaydi. Buni inobatga olsak, dug\u02bblotlarning qadimiy turkiy qavm ekani ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chingizxon qo\u02bbl ostidagi mamlakatlarni o\u02bbg\u02bbillariga bo\u02bblib berganda, dug\u02bblotlar Chig\u02bbatoy ulusi tasarrufida edi. Bu paytda dug\u02bblotlar Sharqiy Turkiston, Issiqko\u02bblning janubi va Farg\u02bbona vodiysining shimoliy tumanlarida ko\u02bbchib yurgan. XIV asr ikkinchi yarmi \u2013 XV asrda sharqiy Chig\u02bbatoy ulusida dug\u02bblotlar mavqei ancha oshdi. Ularning bir qismi mustaqillik uchun tinimsiz kurash olib borib, 1427\/28 yilda Qoshg\u02bbarni egallaydi va davlatni XVI asr birinchi choragigacha idora qiladi [23: 35-44].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrda Movarounnahrda o\u02bbrnashgan etnoslardan yana biri markit (merkit, makrit)lardir. Rashididdinga ko\u02bbra, ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbul qabilasi edi [34:114]. Markitlar o\u02bbrta asrlarda Markaziy Osiyoning eng jangovar va ko\u02bbp sonli qabilalaridan sanalgan [53:48-49]. Ba\u02bczi tarixchilar markitni mukrilar bilan tenglashtirsa, L.N.Gumilyov ularni qirg\u02bbizlarga chegaradosh \u201co\u02bbrmon xalqi\u201d [48:89], degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Markitlar XII asr oxiri \u2013 XIII asr boshlarida Selenga daryosi bo\u02bbylari va Baykal ko\u02bblining janubida yashagan. Shu davrda ularning aksariyati uyg\u02bburlar ta\u02bcsirida xristianlikni qabul qilgan [18:236]. Markitlar uch qabilaviy ittifoqqa (uduit, qaat, uvas) bo\u02bblingan [11:51]. Bu vaqtda ularga avval To\u02bbqtabegi (uning o\u02bbg\u02bbillari Qudu, Qal va Chlajun mo\u02bbg\u02bbullardan qochib, qipchoqlar oldiga boradi [27:70-79]. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar qipchoqlar bilan urushib, Qudu markitni o\u02bbldiradi [3:8-9]), undan so\u02bbng Tayr Usun boshchilik qilgan. Tayr Usun Chingizxonga qizi Kulon Xotunni xotinlikka beradi. Rashididdinning yozishicha, Kulon Xotunning Chingizxondan Kulkan degan o\u02bbg\u02bbli bo\u02bblgan [34:116].<\/span><\/p>\n

Markitlar yaqin qo\u02bbshnilari kerayitlar, tatarlar va mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bilan doim urushib turgan. Hujumlardan birida ular Chingizxonning xotini Borteni asirga oladi [1:38]. Kerayit xoni O\u02bbngxon Borteni qutqarib, Chingizxonga qaytaradi. Birozdan so\u02bbng Chingizxon markitlarni butunlay tor-mor etadi. Natijada, ular tamoman yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblish darajasiga yetadi. Markitlarning ma\u02bclum qismi XIII asrda Movarounnahrga ko\u02bbchib o\u02bbtadi. Chig\u02bbatoy ulusida ularga Qulika bahodir boshchilik qilgan [26:426].<\/span><\/p>\n

Markitlar keyinchalik Amir Temur qo\u02bbshini tarkibida ham harbiy yurishlarda ishtirok etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu davrda Movarounnahrda yashagan etnoslardan yana biri boyovut (bayot)lar edi. Ular aslida turkiy etnos bo\u02bblib [30:89-90], Chingizxongacha mo\u02bbg\u02bbullashib, turk an\u02bcanalarini unutib yuborgan [44:67]. Abulg\u02bboziyning yozishicha, boyovutlar ikkiga bo\u02bblingan (jadayin boyovut va makrit boyovut) [1:42].<\/span><\/p>\n

Rashididdin boyovutlar Movarounnahrga mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bilan birga kirib kelganini ta\u02bckidlaydi [34: 175-177]. Ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbul imperiyasida yirik qabila sifatida o\u02bbrdaga mansub \u201culug\u02bb bek\u201dlar chiqargan uyg\u02bbur, qiyot, bahrin va kongitlar qatoridan joy olgan. Shuningdek, boyovutlar uyg\u02bburlar bilan birga mo\u02bbg\u02bbul uluslarida \u201cbitikchi\u201d \u2013 davlat devoni ma\u02bcmuri vazifasini ham bajargan [44:252]. Xususan, ular Chingizxon, Tuli va Xubilay saroyida xizmat qilgan [34:175-177].<\/span><\/p>\n

Manbalarda qipchoqlarga tegishli urug\u02bb sifatida tilga olingan bayot etnonimi bilan boyovutlar o\u02bbrtasida bog\u02bbliqlik bo\u02bblishi mumkin. Negaki, bu ikki termin ba\u02bczan almashib kelgan. Abulg\u02bboziy bergan ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, boyovut qadimgi turkchada boylar degan ma\u02bcnoni anglatadi [1:26-27]. Boyovut turkiy qavmlar tarkibida boy, boydor, boylar, boyot kabi etnonimlar bilan genetik jihatdan birdir, ya\u02bcni boyovutning asosi bayot bilan bir xil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Juvayniy Xorazmshohning onasi Turkon Xotun bayot (boyovut \u2013 U.S.)lardan ekanini yozadi. Bu aksariyat tadqiqotlarda ham aks etgan [22:73,147; 44:432]. Bayotlar Oqquyunli turkman guruhlarini ham qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlagan etnos edi. Nasabnomalarda boyovutlar 92 o\u02bbzbek urug\u02bbining biri sifatida tilga olinadi. Bu urug\u02bbga mansub kishilarning avlodlari hozirgacha O\u02bbzbekiston hududida yashab kelmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar o\u02bbzi nazorat o\u02bbrnatgan mamlakatlarda urush yillarida kamayib ketgan va asirlikka olingan xalqlar o\u02bbrnini Onon, Kerulen, Ili vodiylari, Sharqiy Turkiston va Yettisuv hududlaridan kelgan barlos, jaloyir, bahrin, sulduz, arlot, nayman kabi o\u02bbnlab turkiy va mo\u02bbg\u02bbul etnoslari bilan to\u02bbldirdi. Rashididdin Duvaxon hukmronligi davrida (1281-1307) Movarounnahrda o\u02bbrnashgan etnoslar salmog\u02bbi Chig\u02bbatoy davrida kelib joylashgan xalqlarga qaraganda bir barobarga ortganini yozadi [54:130].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa o\u02bbrnida aytish mumkinki, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar hujumi yillarida kamayib ketgan Movarounnahr va unga tutash hududlar aholisi ular bilan birga kelib o\u02bbrnashgan etnoslar hisobiga to\u02bbldirildi. Kirib kelganlarning aksariyati turkiy yoki turklashgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbul urug\u02bb \u2013 qabilalari edi. XIII asr davomida Movarounnahrga ko\u02bbplab (jaloyir, barlos, arlot, mang\u02bbit, qo\u02bbng\u02bbirot, oyrot, kerayit, neko\u02bbz, burqut, ungut, chinoz, toyjovut va boshq.) urug\u02bb-qabilalar kelib o\u02bbrnashdi. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bilan birga Movarounnahrga kelib o\u02bbrnashgan turk-mo\u02bbg\u02bbul etnoslarining birinchi to\u02bblqini tadqiqotlarda aytilganidek, XIII asrning 60-yillaridan emas, 20-yillaridan ekani manbalar asosida isbotlandi. Movarounnahrda joylashgan etnoslarning aksariyati XIV asr o\u02bbrtalariga kelib etnik mansubligidan qat\u02bci nazar til jihatidan \u00a0tamoman turkiylashdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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  5. \u0410\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0436\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0421.\u0410. \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u2013 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430-\u0410\u0442\u0430., 1959.<\/span><\/li>\n
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  7. Asqarov A.A. O\u02bbzbek xalqining kelib chiqish tarixi. \u2013 T., 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u0412.\u0412.\u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u043e\u0447. \u0422.I. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1963.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u0412.\u0412. \u0414\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0447. \u0422. V. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1968.<\/span><\/li>\n
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  14. \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0417.\u041c. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0448\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u0410\u043d\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 (1097-1231). \u2013 M.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1986.<\/span><\/li>\n
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    [1]<\/a> U Qorachor no\u02bbyonning akasi bo\u02bblib, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning Nishopur yurishida qat-nashgan (Shihobiddin Muhammad an-Nasaviy. Sulton Jaloliddin Manguberdi. T., 2006. \u2013 B. 111.<\/span><\/div>\n
    SEVINCH ULASHOVA,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    Alfraganus universiteti dotsenti, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Chingizxon boshliq Mo\u02bbg\u02bbul imperiyasi tarixi jahon xalqlari tarixida ham muhim o\u02bbrin tutadi. O\u02bbtgan sakkiz asr mobaynida mo\u02bbg\u02bbulshunos, nomadolog (ko\u02bbch-manchishunos), sharqshunos va tarixchi olimlar diqqat markazida bo\u02bblgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar tarixining turli jihatlari haqida xorij va mahalliy tadqiqotchilar tomonidan izlanishlar amalga oshirilgan. Shunga qaramasdan, bu davrda mintaqadagi etnik holat, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar qo\u02bbshinining etnik tarkibi va shunga doir masalalar haligacha …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbRTA OSIYO HUDUDIGA MO\u02bbG\u02bbULLAR BOSHLIQ URUG\u02bb-QABILALARNING KO\u02bbCHIB KELISHIGA DOIR ZIDDIYATLAR VA YANGICHA QARASHLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO HUDUDIGA MO\u02bbG\u02bbULLAR BOSHLIQ URUG\u02bb-QABILALARNING KO\u02bbCHIB KELISHIGA DOIR ZIDDIYATLAR VA YANGICHA QARASHLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40419&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO HUDUDIGA MO\u02bbG\u02bbULLAR BOSHLIQ URUG\u02bb-QABILALARNING KO\u02bbCHIB KELISHIGA DOIR ZIDDIYATLAR VA YANGICHA QARASHLAR - 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