{"id":40378,"date":"2025-02-17T09:28:25","date_gmt":"2025-02-17T04:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=40378"},"modified":"2025-02-15T18:35:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-15T13:35:59","slug":"ibn-nadimning-fihrist-asarida-ilk-kutubxonalarga-oid-ma%ca%bclumotlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40378&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"IBN NADIMNING \u201cFIHRIST\u201d ASARIDA ILK KUTUBXONALARGA OID MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbrta asrlarda yashab ijod etgan va ilmlar tasnifiga oid asar yaratgan mutafakkirlardan yana biri bibliograf Ibn Nadim (X asr)dir [3:238-239]. Uning shaxsi va faoliyati haqida juda kam ma\u02bclumot saqlanib qolgan. Ibn Nadim haqidagi dastlabki ma\u02bclumotlarni muallifning shu kunga qadar saqlanib qolgan yagona asari \u2013 \u201cFihrist\u201d [1:4] kitobidan olish mumkin. Ibn Nadimning otasi Ibn Yoqub Bag\u02bbdodda kitob bilan savdo qilgan. U ham otasi kabi kitob bilan shug\u02bbullanib, xat va kutubxonalar haqida ma\u02bclumot to\u02bbplaydi va ular asosida \u201cFihrist\u201d nomli asarini yozadi [3:238].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBaytul hikma\u201d o\u02bbrta asr musulmon Sharqidagi birinchi va eng mashhur hamda muhim ilmiy maktab bo\u02bblgani sababli, unga o\u02bbsha va keyingi davr mualliflarining deyarli barchasi murojaat qilgan. \u201cBaytul hikma\u201d haqida bir qator arab tilidagi asosiy manbalarda ma\u02bclumotlar uchraydi. Ular qatorida, eng avvalo, Ibn Nadimning (vaf. 993-y.) \u201cAl-Fihrist\u201d asarini zikr etish kerak [1:4]. Bu asar muallifning \u201cBaytul hikma\u201d joylashgan shahar \u2013 Bag\u02bbdodda ijod etgani, shu bilan birga, vaqt jihatdan ham unga yaqin davrda yaratilgani bilan ham juda muhimdir. Shuningdek, u shariatga oid asarlar haqida so\u02bbz yuritar ekan, al-Ma\u02bcmunning \u201cXizanat al-hikma\u201d-sidagiga o\u02bbxshash qadimiy nusxadagi bir kitobni o\u02bbqiganini ham eslaydi. Yuqoridagilarga asoslanib, Ibn Nadim \u201cBaytul hikma\u201ddagi nodir kitoblardan, ya\u02bcni kutubxonadan shaxsan foydalangan, deyish mumkin [1:8].<\/span><\/p>\n

Manbalarda keltirilishicha, mazkur kutubxonada 3 millionga yaqin Sharq qo\u02bblyozmasi saqlangan. Ulardan 50 mingtasi Qur\u02bconi karim va 80 mingtasi unga yozilgan tafsirlardan iborat bo\u02bblgan. Kutubxonada 180 ga yaqin xodim faoliyat olib borgan. Lekin mazkur kutubxona salib yurishlari davomida vayron qilingan [5:24].<\/span><\/p>\n

Arab xalifaligida kutubxonalarni bir yerda, aniqrog\u02bbi, shifoxona, madrasa yoki masjidlarda jamlash holati ham bo\u02bblgan. Bu kabi kutubxonalar qatorida Mustansiriya kutubxonasi Bag\u02bbdoddagi al-Nuri masjidida faoliyat yuritgan [5:24].<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbn bobdan iborat kitobda dunyoviy ilmlar bilan birga diniy ilmlar ham joy olgan. Ibn Nadim o\u02bbzining \u201cFihrist\u201d risolasida Sharqda X asr oxirlariga qadar rivojlangan turli fan sohalari va ijodkorlari haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni mumkin qadar keng qamrab olishga harakat qilgan. V.Bartold ta\u02bcbiri bilan aytganda, qayd qilingan asar \u201cislom dinining birinchi to\u02bbrt asrlik davridagi adabiyot va turli fanlar tarixini o\u02bbrganishda asosiy manba bo\u02bblib qoladi\u201d [3:239]. Bu o\u02bbsha davrda ushbu fanlarga qiziqish va ehtiyoj qanchalik katta bo\u02bblganiga dalil bo\u02bbla oladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFihrist\u201ddagi ma\u02bclumotlar asar yozilgan davrdan biroz o\u02bbtiboq Sharq tarixchilari e\u02bctiborini o\u02bbziga jalb qilgan. Ular yozgan asarlarni o\u02bbrganish natijasida shunga ishonch hosil qilish mumkinki, Sharq tarixchilarining aksariyati Ibn Nadim va uning \u201cFihrist\u201d asari bilan tanish bo\u02bblgan. Bu olimlar xalqasi uncha katta emas. Shu sababdan ularni sanab o\u02bbtish ham mumkin: Yoqut Hamaviy, Ibn Hallikon, Zahabiy, Ibn Qutlubug\u02bba, Hoji Xalifa va boshqalar. \u201cFihrist\u201dni o\u02bbrganish davrining ilk bosqichlarida I.Xottinger va A.Silvestr de Sazi jonbozlik ko\u02bbrsatgan. Keyinchalik u matn ustida B.Doja va R.Tajuddin kabi olimlar tadqiqot olib borgan. Eng katta yutuq Flyugel va R.Tajuddinning \u201cFihrist\u201dni nashrga tayyorlaganidir. Bu nashrdan keyin tadqiqotchilar mazkur asardan keng foydalanish imkoniga ega bo\u02bbldi. Ulardan biri V.Polosin bo\u02bblib, uning \u201cFihrist\u201d haqida bir qator maqolalari va maxsus tadqiqoti mavjud [4].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Nadimning \u201cFihrist\u201d asarida [4] VIII-IX asrlarda barcha ilmlar, qamrab olgan sohasiga qarab, ikkiga \u2013 \u201culum al-qadimiyya\u201d \u2013 \u201can\u02bcanaviy ilmlar\u201d va ajam xalqlaridan o\u02bbzlashtirilgan riyoziyot, mantiq, hisob, handasa va boshqa ilmlardan iborat bo\u02bblgan \u201culum al-ajam\u201d \u2013 \u201carablarniki bo\u02bblmagan ilmlar\u201dga bo\u02bblingan [2:63]. Bunda birinchi qismga islom dini hamda arab madaniyatiga xos bo\u02bblgan (arab tili, she\u02bcriyat va aruz, arablarning islomdan avvalgi va islom davri tarixi) ilmlar kiritilgan. Ikkinchi qism esa aniq va tabiiy fanlarni o\u02bbz ichiga olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFihrist\u201d (\u201cRo\u02bbyxat\u201d)da arab va arab bo\u02bblmagan barcha xalqlarning arab tili va yozuvida fanning turli sohalari bo\u02bbyicha yozilgan kitoblari haqida to\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumot berilgan. Unda mualliflar, ularning nisba va unvonlari, tug\u02bbilgan yili, faoliyati, vafot etgan vaqti, yashagan joyi va har bir fanning shakllanishdan boshlab, to muallifning o\u02bbzi yashagan davrgacha bo\u02bblgan tarix, ya\u02bcni 377\/987-yil haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar aks etgan\u201d [3:238].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Nadimning \u201cFihrist\u201d asarida IX asr astronomi Abu Ma\u02bcshar Ja\u02bcfar ibn Muhammad ibn Umar Balxiyning (vaf. 886-y.) bugungi kunga qadar yetib kelmagan noma\u02bclum kitobidan parcha keltiriladi. Unda Erondagi ilk o\u02bbrta asr kutubxonasi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi qimmatli ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud. Parchada aytilishicha, X asr o\u02bbrtalarida Isfahon yaqinidagi Jey shaharchasida, chamasi arablarning Eronga qilgan hujumi arafasida yoki bu hujum vaqtida (ya\u02bcni 651-yil) o\u02bbrab, suvab tashlangan kutubxona topilgan. Kutubxonada oq terak po\u02bbstlog\u02bbiga yozilgan ko\u02bbpgina qadimgi kitoblar bo\u02bblib, ular o\u02bbtgan ajdodlar davridagi ilmlarning barcha tarmoqlarini qamrab olgan va qadimgi fors yozuvida (aftidan, o\u02bbrta fors yozuvi) bilan yozilgan [1:577].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFihrist\u201d muallifi o\u02bbzining nufuzli zamondoshi fikrlariga tayanib, uning bir hikoyasini keltiradi. Unga ko\u02bbra, 961-yilda o\u02bbsha shaharchadagi boshqa bir binoning yerto\u02bblasidan boshqa kitoblar kolleksiyasi topiladi. Bu kitoblar ham suvab yuborilgan bo\u02bblib, oshlangan va maxsus tayyorlangan teri varaqlariga yozilgan edi. Lekin ularni qanday o\u02bbqishni hech kim bilmasdi [1:577]. Ibn Nadim \u201cFihrist\u201d asarida xabar berishicha, 951-yilda Eron hukmdorlari Muayid va Rukn ad-Davlaning vaziri bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan Abu Fadl ibn Amid (vaf. 971-y.) Isfahondan yunon tilida yozilgan kitoblarni topgan. Ular maxsus qutilarga solinib, bino devori orasiga joylashtirilgan edi va bu kitoblarni Amid Bag\u02bbdodga yuborgan. Bu yerda yunon tilini yaxshi bilgan Yuhanno Keys va boshqalar mazkur kitoblarni arab tiliga tarjima qilgan. Keyinchalik bu kutubxonadagi ayrim kitoblarni Ibn Nadim o\u02bbz ustozi, shayx va olim Abu Sulaymon Muhammad ibn Bahrom (vaf. 986-y.)nikida ko\u02bbrgan. Kitobat madaniyati tarixchisi O.Yazberdiyev devorlar orasiga qo\u02bbyib, suvab yuborilgan kutubxonalarda o\u02bbrta eron tilida yozilgan kitoblar bilan bir qatorda, yunon tilidagi kitoblar ham borligiga alohida e\u02bctibor berib, ularning sosoniylar davrida ko\u02bbchirilgani katta ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblgani haqida aytib o\u02bbtgan. Shuningdek, u \u201cbu kitoblar zardushtiylar manbalarida dastlabki sosoniy shohlar chet mamlakatlardan kitoblar to\u02bbplagani haqidagi axborotning to\u02bbg\u02bbriligini tasdiqlovchi omil bo\u02bblib xizmat qilishi mumkin. Bu xildagi ma\u02bclumotlar sosoniylar davrida ko\u02bbp miqdorda kitoblar mavjud bo\u02bblganiga shubha qoldirmaydi\u201d, deb ta\u02bckidlaydi (Sosoniylar davridagi devorlar orasiga qo\u02bbyib suvab yuborilgan kutubxonalar haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni biz O.Yazberdiyevning quyidagi kitoblaridan olingan ma\u02bclumotlar asosida tuzdik: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 (\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440). \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435: \u0421\u0431. \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u2013 \u0410\u0448\u0445\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434, 1988. \u2013 \u0421.66; \u0425\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0432 I \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 VI \u0432. \/\/ \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0410\u041d \u0422\u0421\u0421\u0420. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a. \u2013 1989. \u21165. \u2013 \u0421.28. Keltirilgan faktlarga quyidagi manbadan batafsilroq qarang: The Fixrist of an-Nadim. Vol. II. \u2013 S.575-579, 958, 1041-1042, 1128.).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    The Fihrist of al-Nadim, a tenth century survey of Muslim culture. Ed. B. Dodge. Vols. 1-2. \u2013 New-York-London, 1970.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Baxodirov R.M. Abu Abdalloh al-Xorezmi va ilmlar tasnifi tarixidan. \u2013 T., 1995.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418.\u042e. \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422.IV. \u2013 \u041c., \u041b., 1957.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    P\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0412. \u201c\u0424\u0438\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u201d \u0418\u0431\u043d \u0430\u043d-\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1989.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0422.\u0414. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430: \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u2013 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431. \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435\/ \u0427\u0413\u0410\u041a\u0418. \u2013 \u0427\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a, 2003.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    SHOVOSIL ZIYODOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi direktori, professor<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O\u02bbrta asrlarda yashab ijod etgan va ilmlar tasnifiga oid asar yaratgan mutafakkirlardan yana biri bibliograf Ibn Nadim (X asr)dir [3:238-239]. Uning shaxsi va faoliyati haqida juda kam ma\u02bclumot saqlanib qolgan. Ibn Nadim haqidagi dastlabki ma\u02bclumotlarni muallifning shu kunga qadar saqlanib qolgan yagona asari \u2013 \u201cFihrist\u201d [1:4] kitobidan olish mumkin. Ibn Nadimning otasi Ibn Yoqub Bag\u02bbdodda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIBN NADIMNING \u201cFIHRIST\u201d ASARIDA ILK KUTUBXONALARGA OID MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IBN NADIMNING \u201cFIHRIST\u201d ASARIDA ILK KUTUBXONALARGA OID MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40378&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IBN NADIMNING \u201cFIHRIST\u201d ASARIDA ILK KUTUBXONALARGA OID MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"IBN NADIMNING \u201cFIHRIST\u201d ASARIDA ILK KUTUBXONALARGA OID MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40378&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-17T04:28:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-15T13:35:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fihrist1802.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"439\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40378&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=40378&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"IBN NADIMNING \u201cFIHRIST\u201d ASARIDA ILK KUTUBXONALARGA OID MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR - 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