{"id":39975,"date":"2025-01-31T09:04:11","date_gmt":"2025-01-31T04:04:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=39975"},"modified":"2025-01-28T11:06:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T06:06:09","slug":"jadidlar-g%ca%bboyasi-va-yangi-o%ca%bbzbekiston-strategiyasidagi-uyg%ca%bbunlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jadid harakati tom ma\u02bcnoda ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik harakatidir. Ma\u02bcrifat tushunchasining lug\u02bbaviy ma\u02bcnosi bilish, tanish va bilim demakdir, yoki kishilar bilimi, ma\u02bcnaviyatini oshirishga qaratilgan ta\u02bclim-tarbiya jarayonidir. Maorif tushunchasi esa, tabiat, jamiyat va inson mohiyati haqidagi turli bilimlarni aks ettiradi. Ma\u02bcrifatli kishi deganda fanning bir yoki turli sohalaridan ma\u02bclum bilim va yo\u02bbnalishlarni egallagan degan mazmun kasb etadi. Ma\u02bcrifatni hayotga singdirish maorif tizimi orqali amalga oshiriladi. Demak, ma\u02bcrifat bilim va madaniyatning qo\u02bbshma mazmuni bo\u02bblib, maorif esa ana shu mazmunni yoyish vositasidir. Ma\u02bcrifatparvar ma\u02bcrifat uchun kurashuvchi, bilim tarqatuvchi va beruvchidir. Jamiyat taraqqiyotida bir bosqichdan keyingi bosqichga o\u02bbtish ma\u02bcrifatparvarlikdan boshlanib, zamonaning yetuk, ongli, bilimli kishilari ma\u02bcnaviyat va ma\u02bcrifat tarqatgan. Alaloqibat, ma\u02bcrifatli kishilar ma\u02bcnaviy qaramlik, qo\u02bbrquv hamda hadiksirashlarni bartaraf etib, beqiyos kuch-qudrat, salohiyat egasi bo\u02bbladi. Ma\u02bcrifatli kishilar millat va Vatan ozodligi, xalqning ma\u02bcnaviy uyg\u02bboqligi va ma\u02bcrifati uchun kurashadi. Aynan shu nuqtayi nazardan xalqimiz hamisha ilmu ma\u02bcrifatga intilib kelgan. Xalqimizning yetuk vakillari dunyoviy va diniy ilmlarni uyg\u02bbunlashtirib, jahon taraqqiyotiga buyuk hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Bular Forobiy, Ibn Sino, Xorazmiy, Ahmad Farg\u02bboniy, Imom Buxoriy, Termiziy, Moturidiy, Ulug\u02bbbek va boshqa ko\u02bbplab buyuk allomalarimizdir. XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Turkiston jamiyatida ma\u02bcnaviy inqiroz chuqurlashgan bo\u02bblib, milliy madaniyatni ko\u02bbtarmay turib, umuminsoniy qadriyatlardan xalq bahramand bo\u02bblmasdan, ma\u02bcrifiy va tarbiyaviy ishlar keng yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilmasdan ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy taraqqiyotga qadam qo\u02bbyish mushkul edi. Shu sababdan jadidlar millatning ma\u02bcnaviy kamoloti ma\u02bcrifatga erishish bilan yuz beradi, deb tushundi. Buning uchun maktablarda dunyoviy bilimlarni berish bilan islohot qilish zaruriyatini uqtirishar va milliy uyg\u02bbonish va milliy ong uyg\u02bbonishida jiddiy rol o\u02bbynagan edi. Jadidlar o\u02bbz qarashlarini chuqur ishlab chiqib, uni hayotga tatbiq qilishda faollik ko\u02bbrsatgan. Shunday ma\u02bcrifatparvarlardan Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy, Fitrat, Cho\u02bblpon, Abdulla Qodiriy, Abdulla Avloniy, Munavvar Qori, Fayzulla Xo\u02bbjayev, So\u02bbfizoda, Is\u02bchoqxon Ibrat va boshqalar millat kamolotini yuksaltirish, qadrini yerga urishga yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbymaslik uchun sa\u02bcy-harakatlarni kuchaytirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bcrifatparvar jadidlar juda og\u02bbir sharoitlarda, g\u02bboyaviy-siyosiy tazyiqlarga qaramasdan millat ma\u02bcnaviy yuksalishi uchun shart-sharoit va imkoniyat yaratishga harakat qildi. Tarixning bunday murakkab burilish pallasida millat ongini uyg\u02bbotish va yuksaltirish, milliy iftixor tuyg\u02bbularini kuchaytirishni birinchi darajali vazifa, deb bildi. Ular xalq bolalari uchun maktablar ochar, o\u02bbquv qo\u02bbllanma, darslik, kitoblar, maqolalar yozar, dars ham berardi. Bu yo\u02bblda hatto, o\u02bbz shaxsiy mablag\u02bblarini ham ayamagan. Bunday saxovatpeshalik bizning hozirgi kunda hayotiy zarurat va ahamiyati beqiyosdir. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar orqali asosan chetdan, ba\u02bczan hatto mamlakatning o\u02bbzida ham Konstitutsiya va qonunlarga zid pozitsiyalar ilgari surilayotgani, jumladan, diniy e\u02bctiqod niqobi ostida yoshlarni ma\u02bcrifatga emas, jaholatga undash<\/strong> holatlari paydo bo\u02bblmoqda. Bunday vaziyatda jamiyatda jaholatga qarshi ma\u02bcrifat bilan kurashishni kuchaytirish, ehtiyotkorlik va ogohlikni oshirish lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadidlar harakati XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshlaridagi Rossiya mustamlakachiligi zulmini boshidan kechirayotgan turkiy xalqlar uyg\u02bbonishining boshida turgan \u201cuchinchi muallim\u201d Ismoilbek Gasparinskiy (Gasparali) edi. Bu nom yuz yil muqaddam turkiy dunyodagi eng mashhur nom edi. Uni Qashqardan Londongacha, Sankt-Peterburgdan Bombaygacha bilar edilar. U chiqargan \u201cTarjimon\u201d gazetasining 1908-yildagi 25-yillik to\u02bbyida Xitoyning \u201cTarancha\u201dsidan tabrik telegrammasi kelgan. 1910-yili esa Fransiyaning eng e\u02bctiborli jurnallaridan \u201cRevyu de Mande musulman\u201d uning millat oldidagi buyuk xizmatlari uchun nomzodini \u201cTinchlik borasidagi Xalqaro Nobel mukofoti\u201dga tavsiya qilgan va buni xorijiy mamlakatlardagi juda ko\u02bbp matbuot organlari qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlab chiqqan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

U vafot etgan 1914-yilning 11-sentyabrida mashhur Narimonov yozadi: \u201cMillat Ismoilbey kabi qahramonlarini unutsa o\u02bbz hayotini barbod etajakdir\u201d. Behbudiy so\u02bbzlari bilan aytganda, \u201cRusiyadagi butun turk-tatar xalqlarini juda oz tarixiy muddatda xayr xushlik yo\u02bbli bilan yaxlit bir milliy oilaga birlashtirmoqqa noil bo\u02bbldi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadidlar bugungi kunning dolzarb masalalariga g\u02bboyat ohangdoshdir. \u201cIkki emas, to\u02bbrt til lozim\u201d [3] yozadi Behbudiy, \u201cHimmat va saboti bo\u02bblmagan millatning haqqi hayoti yo\u02bbqdir\u201d. Abdulla Avloniy, xalqni faqat ma\u02bcrifatgina yorug\u02bblikka olib chiqadi, deb ishongan. Bundan tashqari, Ismoilbek Gasparali, Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy, Ahmad Zaki Validiy, Cho\u02bblpon, Fitrat, Qodiriy va boshqalar milliy uyg\u02bbonish harakatining ilk qaldirg\u02bbochlari edi. Faqat biz uzoq vaqt ularni o\u02bbz nomi, o\u02bbz tavsif-talqini bilan atay olmay keldik [4].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ming istihola bilan tilga olgan\u00a0 taqdirda ham mafkuraviy, andozalarga moslash uchun goh oktyabr inqilobi kuychisi, gohida esa murakkab qiyofali ijodkor degan tavsiflarni qo\u02bbllashga majbur bo\u02bblardik. Jadidga \u201cburjua\u201d so\u02bbzi qo\u02bbshiladi-da, \u201cadressiz\u201d urilaveradi. Holbuki, u nom ostida deyarli odam qolgan emas. Bu bizning siyosatimiz bilan amaliyotimiz o\u02bbrtasidagi o\u02bbtib bo\u02bblmas chohning bir ifodasi edi [2:3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiston ziyolilari Ismoilbek Gaspiralining fikrlaridan xabardor edi. Ular ma\u02bcrifatparvarning \u201cOvrupo madaniyatiga bir nazari muvozana\u201d asari bilan ham tanish bo\u02bblgan. Chunki Istanbul bilan bordi keldi, Usmonli davriy matbuoti namunalarining Turkistonda yoyilishi, nihoyat, Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiyning 1906-yilda e\u02bclon qilgan \u201cXayrul umuri Avsatuho\u201d (Ishlarning yaxshisi o\u02bbrtachasidir\u201d) maqolasi\u00a0 shunday xulosa chiqarishga imkon berdi. Bu davrda Rossiya siyosiy sahnasida 4 firqa mavjud edi. Monarxistlar (buyruqratiyan mustabid\u201d) partiyasi, Kadetlar (\u201cMashrutai Avomiya\u201d) partiyasi, sotsialistik (\u201cIshtirokiyun\u201d) partiya, Rossiya musulmonlari ittifoqi partiyasi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Monarxistlar mavjud tuzumning himoyachilaridir. Ularning kelajagi yo\u02bbq. Mamlakatni tanazzulga solgan \u2013 shular. Ular hokimiyat tepasida tursalar, Turkistonning yanada xarob bo\u02bblishi aniq. Hatto sekin-asta yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblib ketishi ham mumkin. Turkiston hozir shunday bosqichda turibdi. Afsuski, bu siyosatni hamma ham bilavermaydi. Chunki ko\u02bbzbo\u02bbyamachilik ko\u02bbp. Milyo\u02bbnur (millioner) yo\u02bbq edi…\u201d, deydilar, 6 million turkistonlik orasida 3 ta millioner bor. Ularni ham millioner deb bo\u02bblarmidi?! Katta imoratlar hammasi yahudiylarniki, Ovrupoliklarniki. Turkistonliklar\u00a0 sinmoqda… vaqflar ketgan , madrasalar xarob …, kelajak yo\u02bbq [1:145].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu borada ma\u02bcrifatparvar olim Said Rizo Alizoda ham katta ishlarni amalga oshirdi. U Samarqandda madrasalardan birida olti yil tahsil\u00a0 olgach, o\u02bbsha yerdagi Demurov bosmaxonasiga harf teruvchi bo\u02bblib ishga kiradi. Bosmaxonada yoshi anchaga borgan fransuz ayoli ishlar edi. U fransuz tilini yosh Alizodaga o\u02bbrgatadi. Keyinchalik u ingliz, nemis, arab tillarini ham shu yerda o\u02bbrganadi. Ivrit tilini o\u02bbrganish uchun yahudiylar yashaydigan mahallaga qatnaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alizodani o\u02bbz yaqinlari ruslar atrofida o\u02bbralashib yurgani uchun yoqtirmaydi. Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy tomonidan chop etilgan \u201cSamarqand\u201d gazetasi, \u201cOyina\u201d jurnali bilan hamkorlik qiladi. 1914-yilda o\u02bbz hisobidan o\u02bbzbek tilida \u201cTelegraf\u00a0 xabarlari\u201d nomli varaqa chiqaradi. 1917-yilda \u201cSharq\u201d gazetasida muharrir, \u201cHurriyat\u201d gazetasida tarjimon va muxbir, 1922-yildan \u201cZarafshon\u201d gazetasida bo\u02bblim mudiri bo\u02bblib ishlaydi. 1919-yilda \u201cSharq mash\u02bcali\u201d nomi bilan haftalik jurnal tashkil etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adadi 4 ming nusxaga yaqin bo\u02bblgan bu jurnal O\u02bbrta Osiyo, Kavkaz ortidan tashqari, Afg\u02bboniston, Eron, Turkiya, Hindiston va bir qancha arab mamlakatlariga tarqalgan edi. Saidrizo Alizodaning tanqidiy maqolalari, felyetonlari Bahpul, Zambur, Renebar, Bog\u02bbishamoliy, Shapaloq, S.A kabi taxalluslar bilan \u201cTurkiston xabarlari\u201d, \u201cKambag\u02bballar uyi\u201d, \u201cHurriyat\u201d, \u201cMehnatkashlar tovushi\u201d, \u201cBuxoroi sharif\u201d, \u201cTuron\u201d, \u201cSamarqand ovozi\u201d gazetalari, \u201cMashrab\u201d, \u201cMulla Mushfiqiy\u201d jurnallarida chop etilgan. Sho\u02bbro inqilobigacha bo\u02bblgan davrda u birinchilardan bo\u02bblib mahallalarda kambag\u02bbal dehqon farzandlari uchun jadid yo\u02bbnalishidagi maktablarni ochdi va u yerda muallimlik qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbtgan yillar mobaynida Saidrizo Alizoda jadid harakatining peshqadamlaridan biri sifatida darslik va qo\u02bbllanmalar tuzadi. O\u02bbzbek maktablari uchun \u201cBirinchi yil nomli alifbo yozib, bepul tarqatadi. Tojik tilida \u201cSarf va nahv\u201d (1934), o\u02bbzbek tilida \u201cHosilot\u201d (1926) kitoblarini chop ettiradi. U Samarqandda yashaydigan ruslar uchun\u00a0 kechki kurs ochib, ularga o\u02bbzbek va fors \u2013 tojik tillarini o\u02bbrgatadi. Ma\u02bcrifatparvar alloma Abdulla shoir bilan yangi Ozarbayjon alifbosini tuzadi. 1933-1934-yillarda ikki jildli ruscha-tojikcha lug\u02bbat tuzib, nashr ettiradi. Said Rizo Alizoda 1933-1937-yillarda hozirgi Samarqand\u00a0 davlat universitetida\u00a0 talabalarga arab va fors tillaridan dars beradi. Ular orasida\u00a0 o\u02bbsha paytda\u00a0 shu yerda ta\u02bclim olayotgan Hamid Olimjon, O\u02bbtkir Rashid kabi shoirlarga, jurnalist Sharof Rashidov, faylasuf Ibrohim Mo\u02bbminov kabi ko\u02bbplab taniqli insonlar bo\u02bblgan. Said Rizo Alizoda o\u02bbz umri davomida 13 tilda gapirishni, yozishni mukammal egalladi. U Pushkin, Tolstoy, Gyugo, Mopassan, Karamzin va boshqa klassik yozuvchilar asarlarini o\u02bbzbek tiliga tarjima qildi. Qadimshunoslik, geografiya, tarix, astronomiya, arab grammatikasi singari\u00a0 jami 23 ta kitob yozdi. Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy bilan \u201cSamarqand\u201d gazetasida yelkama yelka ishlagan davrlarda gazeta sahifalarida nopok mansabdor to\u02bbralarni tanqid qildi. Alizoda xalqning ilmli, ma\u02bcrifatli, madaniyatli bo\u02bblishiga hissa qo\u02bbshishni o\u02bbzining hayot mazmuni deb bildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbsha paytda sho\u02bbro tuzumi yosh avlodning ilmli bo\u02bblishi uchun sharoit yaratib beradi, deb ishondi. O\u02bbzining ma\u02bcnaviy uyg\u02bbonish davridagi jo\u02bbshqin va serqirra faoliyati va xizmatlari uchun ma\u02bcrifat qahramoni degan unvon bilan taqdirlandi. Ammo uni keyinchalik Stalin portretining orqa tomonini osib qo\u02bbygan, deb ayblashdi. Uning do\u02bbstlari qattiq bosim va qiynoqlar ostida Alizodaga qarshi ko\u02bbrsatma berib, tuhmatdan iborat bo\u02bblgan yozuvlarga imzo chekdi. (Guvohlardan biri o\u02bblimidan ikki kun oldin Alizodaning nevarasidan kechirim so\u02bbrab, uni tuhmat qilishga majbur qilganlarini tan olgan). Alizoda do\u02bbstlari bilan yuzma-yuz qilishni talab qiladi, lekin mahbusni Toshkentga jo\u02bbnatishadi. Oradan qirq yil o\u02bbtgandan so\u02bbng, 1985-yilda nabirasi Farhod Alizoda bobosi xokini Samarqandga ko\u02bbchirish arafasida uning jag\u02bblarida bittagina tishi qolganini ko\u02bbrgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

1987-yilda Alizodaning nevarasi Farhod Alizoda Vladimirdagi DXK arxiviga boradi va bobosining tergovi qanday olib borilganini aniqlaydi. Said Rizo Alizodaning shaxsiy delosida latta parchalari, papiros qog\u02bbozlari saqlangan. Buning evaziga u o\u02bbzi uchun beriladigan nonlarni qamoqxona kuzatuvchilariga bergan. \u201cSiyosiy mahbusning barcha fikrlari arab alifbosi va fors tilida yozilgan va bu yozuvni qamoqxona boshliqlari ham tushunmagan. Ko\u02bbpgina latta parchalarida hatto qon izlari ham qolgan. Ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblishicha, Alizoda sho\u02bbro davridagi eng dahshatli qamoqxonalaridan birida, bir kishilik kamerada 8-yil umrini o\u02bbtkazgan. Eng fojiali tomoni, Alizodaga yolg\u02bbon ko\u02bbrsatma bergan odam uning eng yaqin do\u02bbsti edi. U keyinchalik mashhur yozuvchiga aylanadi. Oradan bir qancha vaqt o\u02bbtib, u ham NKVD tomonidan qamoqqa olinib, Sibirga surgun qilinadi va o\u02bbsha yerda olamdan o\u02bbtadi. Alizoda xalq dushmani deb e\u02bclon qilingandan keyin shahar ijroiya qo\u02bbmitasida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatayotgan o\u02bbg\u02bbli, fabrikada ishlab turgan ukasi hibsga olinadi. Alizodaning oilasi boquvchisiz qoladi. O\u02bbsha paytda Said Rizo Alizodaning yangi kitobi chop qilingan bo\u02bblib, katta qiymatdagi qalam haqqi olish imkoniyati bor edi. Lekin tergovchi Alizodaga pulni olish uchun ishonchnoma yozishga ruxsat bermaydi. Ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblishicha, unga ikki marta ayblov e\u02bclon qilingan bo\u02bblib, hech biri isbotlanmagan. Alizodaning ayblovlarini tan olmagani, hujjatlarni imzolamagani uchun vahshiylarcha qiynoqqa solinadi. U qiynoqlar tufayli hushidan ketar, o\u02bbziga kelishi uchun mahbus ustidan muzli suv quyilib, yana qiynoqqa solinardi. Alizoda uch yil mobaynida Toshkentdagi tergov kamerasida hibsda saqlangan. Keyinchalik Moskvada Alizodaga hukm chiqarilib, uni Tobolskka \u2013 bir paytlar dekabristlar jazo muddatini o\u02bbtagan joyga surgun qilinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuchli qiynoq va sovuq natijasida Saidrizo Alizoda sil kasaliga yo\u02bbliqadi. Uning o\u02bblib qolishidan qo\u02bbrqqan turma rahbariyati Said Rizo Alizodani Vladimir shahridagi siyosiy mahbuslar saqlanadigan jazoni o\u02bbtash koloniyasiga jo\u02bbnatadi. Og\u02bbir qiynoqlar, ruhiy bosimlar Alizodaning sog\u02bbligiga ta\u02bcsir qilib, u o\u02bbsha yerda vafot etadi. Nevarasi Farhod Alizoda uzoq yillar mobaynida bobosining qamoqxonalarda kechgan hayot yo\u02bblini o\u02bbrgandi, izlandi. U 1987-yilda Vladimir shahridagi turma qabristonidan mustabid sho\u02bbro tuzumi tahqirlariga bardosh berib, ruhan sinmagan, vatan ozodligi uchun jonini fido qilgan bobosining qabrini topdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Farhod Alizoda shahar hokimidan bobosining xokini Samarqandga olib ketishi uchun ruxsat so\u02bbraydi. Hokim Said Rizo Alizodaning ivrit tilini bilganini eshitib, shunday deydi: \u201cBiz bobongizni bilamiz. Men yahudiy bo\u02bblganim va bu tilni bilmaganim uchun afsusdaman. Sizga albatta yordam beraman\u201d. U mahalliy amaldorlar kibri, diyonatsizligi tufayli ancha sarson bo\u02bbldi. Farhod Alizoda o\u02bbn yil davomida bobosining qabrini ko\u02bbchirib kelish uchun kerakli hujjatlarni to\u02bbpladi va nihoyat uzoq sarsongarchiliklardan so\u02bbng ulug\u02bb insonning xoki o\u02bbz yurtiga qaytdi va Samarqandda qo\u02bbnim topdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu maqola XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida O\u02bbrta Osiyoda, xususan Turkistonda yuzaga kelgan jadidchilik harakati haqida batafsil ma\u02bclumot beradi. Maqolada quyidagi asosiy fikrlar ilgari surilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Jadidchilik harakati asosan ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik g\u02bboyalariga asoslangan bo\u02bblib, xalqni ma\u02bcrifatli qilish, diniy xurofotlardan ozod etish va milliy o\u02bbzlikni anglashga qaratilgan edi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Jadidlar xalq uchun yangi usuldagi maktablar ochish, darsliklar yaratish, gazeta-jurnallar nashr etish orqali o\u02bbz g\u02bboyalarini tarqatishga harakat qilganlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Ismoilbek Gaspirali, Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy, Abdulla Avloniy kabi ma\u02bcrifatparvarlar jadidchilik harakatining yetakchilari bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Jadidlar faoliyati nafaqat ta\u02bclim sohasida, balki ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayotda ham muhim rol o\u02bbynagan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Maqolada jadid namoyandalaridan biri – Said Rizo Alizodaning hayoti va faoliyati batafsil yoritilgan. Uning ko\u02bbp tillarni bilishi, ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik faoliyati va keyinchalik qatag\u02bbon qilinishi haqida ma\u02bclumot berilgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Jadidchilik harakati garchi qisqa muddat davom etgan bo\u02bblsa-da, O\u02bbrta Osiyo xalqlarining milliy uyg\u02bbonishi va ma\u02bcnaviy taraqqiyotida muhim ahamiyat kasb etgani ta\u02bckidlangan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Xulosa qilib aytganda, maqola jadidchilik harakatining mohiyati, maqsadlari va uning namoyandalari haqida keng qamrovli ma\u02bclumot beradi, shuningdek bu harakatning O\u02bbrta Osiyo xalqlari tarixidagi o\u02bbrni va ahamiyatini ko\u02bbrsatib beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      Begali Qosimov. Uyg\u02bbongan millat ma\u02bcrifati. \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      Ismoilbek Gaspirinskiy. Hayot va mamot masalasi. \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u201cOyna\u201d jaridasi. 1913-yil, 12-son<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      \u201cYangi dunyo\u201d gazetasi. 1911-yil, 11-son.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      JAMSHID SHONAZAROV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
      Shahrisabz davlat pedagogika instituti dotsenti, falsafa fanlari nomzodi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Jadid harakati tom ma\u02bcnoda ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik harakatidir. Ma\u02bcrifat tushunchasining lug\u02bbaviy ma\u02bcnosi bilish, tanish va bilim demakdir, yoki kishilar bilimi, ma\u02bcnaviyatini oshirishga qaratilgan ta\u02bclim-tarbiya jarayonidir. Maorif tushunchasi esa, tabiat, jamiyat va inson mohiyati haqidagi turli bilimlarni aks ettiradi. Ma\u02bcrifatli kishi deganda fanning bir yoki turli sohalaridan ma\u02bclum bilim va yo\u02bbnalishlarni egallagan degan mazmun kasb etadi. Ma\u02bcrifatni hayotga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nJADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-31T04:04:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-28T06:06:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"371\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-31T04:04:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-28T06:06:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\"},\"description\":\"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg\",\"width\":660,\"height\":371},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\",\"name\":\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"description\":\"bukhari.uz\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\",\"name\":\"Markaz\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","description":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","og_description":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK","og_url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz","og_site_name":"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/","article_published_time":"2025-01-31T04:04:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-01-28T06:06:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":660,"height":371,"url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Markaz","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@www_bukhari_uz","twitter_site":"@www_bukhari_uz","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Markaz","Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz","name":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg","datePublished":"2025-01-31T04:04:11+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-28T06:06:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c"},"description":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/310125.jpg","width":660,"height":371},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39975&lang=oz#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"JADIDLAR G\u02bbOYASI VA YANGI O\u02bbZBEKISTON STRATEGIYASIDAGI UYG\u02bbUNLIK"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/","name":"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","description":"bukhari.uz","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c","name":"Markaz","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/"],"url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39975"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39975"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39977,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39975\/revisions\/39977"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/39976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}