{"id":39316,"date":"2024-12-20T09:21:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T04:21:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=39316"},"modified":"2024-12-16T12:33:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T07:33:24","slug":"sunnat-va-hadislarni-inkor-etuvchi-toifalar-tarixiy-va-zamonaviy-o%ca%bbxshashliklar-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39316&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SUNNAT VA HADISLARNI INKOR ETUVCHI TOIFALAR: TARIXIY VA ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbXSHASHLIKLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hadis ilmi tarixi va uning tadrijiy bosqichlarini o\u02bbrganish, sunnat va hadisga nisbatan noxolis bildirilgan fikrlarga qarshi munosib javob berish zaruriy talablardan biridir. Zero, hadis ilmi Payg\u02bbambarimiz Muhammad (s.a.v.) ning muborak so\u02bbzlari Qur\u02bconi karimdan keyingi asl manbadir. Islom shariatiga muvofiq ish tutgan olimlar va barcha musulmonlar bu manbaning haqligi va sahihligini tasdiqlagan. Sunnat va hadisning maqomi musulmonlar hayotida muhim bo\u02bblib, Qur\u02bconi karimni tushunish, uning ma\u02bcnolari va daqiq masalalar hukmini hadislarsiz anglash mushkuldir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislarga nisbatan tanqidiy fikr bildirilishi va sekin-astalik bilan musulmonlar ongiga singdirilishiga bo\u02bblgan harakatlar bu mavzuni yanada kengroq o\u02bbrganishga sabab bo\u02bblmoqda. Ayniqsa, bu tanqidlar \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d asari atrofida bo\u02bblayotgani har bir shaxsni yanada hushyor bo\u02bblishga undashi kerak. \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d va undagi hadislarga nisbatan musulmon ummatida shubha uyg\u02bbota olsa, boshqa hadislar bo\u02bbyicha tasnif etilgan kitoblarga ishonchni yo\u02bbqotish yanada oson kechadi. \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d sahihligi jihatdan Qur\u02bconi karimdan keyingi manba sifatida e\u02bctirof etilgan. Shuning uchun bu ta\u02bcna va tanqidlar butun hadis ilmiga, Payg\u02bbambarimiz (s.a.v.) sunnatiga qaratilgani ma\u02bclum. Alloh taolo Qur\u02bconi karimda Payg\u02bbambar (s.a.v.) keltirganni olish va qaytarganlardan qaytishga buyurgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0653 \u0621\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0649\u0670\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0641\u064e\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0649\u0670\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0671\u0646\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0627\u06df \u0648\u064e\u0671\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627\u06df\u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0634\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Payg\u02bbambar sizga nimani bersa, o\u02bbshani olinglar va nimadan qaytarsa, o\u02bbshandan qaytinglar. Allohdan qo\u02bbrqinglar. Albatta, Alloh azobi shiddatli zotdir.<\/em>[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur mavzu doirasida hadislarga nisbatan tanqidiy, ta\u02bcna va shubhaga asos bo\u02bblayotgan sabablarni keltirib o\u02bbtamiz. Musulmonlar orasida sunnat va hadisga shubha uyg\u02bbotish, bu orqali muqaddas dinimizdan uzoqlashtirish, islom shariatini ikkinchi manbasiga shubha paydo qilishdan boshqa narsa emas. Zamonamiz olimlaridan Mustafo Zuhayli bu haqda shunday degan: \u201cKim shariatni hadissiz o\u02bbrganishni da\u02bcvo qilsa, u shariatni nuqsonga buribdi. Agar u shariatni Qur\u02bconsiz o\u02bbrganishni da\u02bcvo qiladigan bo\u02bblsa, shariatni tomirini kesibdi\u201d.[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu kabi toifalarning tarixi va kelib chiqishiga nazar tashlasak, barchasini maqsadi bir bo\u02bblib, asl manbadan uzoqlashtirish, uni tan olmaslik, o\u02bbz g\u02bboya va mafkurasi, aqliy tafakkuriga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelmagan shariat manbalariga amal qilmaslik bo\u02bbyicha targ\u02bbibotlarni ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin. Hadislarga tanqidiy yondashuv nafaqat tarixda, balki hozirgi kunda ham ba\u02bczi musulmon va g\u02bbarb olimlari tomonidan amalga oshirilmoqda. Musulmon olimlarining maqsadi sunnat va hadisni to\u02bbqima, yolg\u02bbon va isnodi zaif hadislardan himoya qilish bo\u02bblsa, ba\u02bczi toifalar va g\u02bbarblik olimlarning maqsadi esa sunnat hamda hadisni manba sifatida rad etish ekanini ko\u02bbrish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quyida tarixiy va zamonaviy toifalarning hadis-sunnatga tanqidiy, shubha va ta\u02bcnaga yo\u02bbg\u02bbrilgan fikrlari bilan tanishamiz:<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinchi guruh xavorijlar[3]<\/a>\u00a0bo\u02bblib, ular o\u02bbzlarining botil e\u02bctiqodi uchun sunnatni tark etgan, sahobiylarni la\u02bcnatlab, ularga ergashmagan islom tarixidagi ilk toifa edi. Sahobiylarga ergashish ham sunnat ekanini ular ochiq inkor etadi. Payg\u02bbambarimiz (s.a.v.)ning: \u201cMening sahobiylarim xuddi yulduz kabidir. Ularning qay biriga ergashsangiz hidoyat topasiz\u201d[4]<\/a>, degan so\u02bbzlariga amal qilmaganlar ham ushbu xorijiylardir. Muoviya ibn Sufyon va Ali ibn Tolib o\u02bbrtasidagi tahkim[5]<\/a>\u00a0voqeasiga rozi bo\u02bblgan va bu ikki sahobaga ergashgan barcha sahobiylarni ham dinsizlikda va fisqda ayblaganlar ham aynan xorijiylardir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shundan so\u02bbng xorijiylar sahobiylar tomonidan rivoyat qilingan hadislarni rad qildi va natijada ular o\u02bbzlarining mafkurasiga mos hadislarni olib, qolganini inkor etdi. Bular Payg\u02bbambarimiz (s.a.v.)ning hadis va sunnatlaridan yuz o\u02bbgirgan birinchi toifa sifatida tarixda qoldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchi toifa mo\u02bbtaziliylar[6]<\/a>\u00a0bo\u02bblib, ular ahli sunna e\u02bctiqodi yo\u02bbnalishiga ko\u02bbp ixtilof qilgan. Ular sahobiylardan ko\u02bbpini inkor etib, ular aytgan hadislarni ham rad etgan va o\u02bbzlarining qarashi va e\u02bctiqodiga xilof hadislarni inkor etgan. Shafoat, qabr azobi, qadar, Allohni qiyomatda ko\u02bbrish va Uning sifatlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi hadislar mo\u02bbtaziliylar tomonidan rad etilgan. Sababi ularning e\u02bctiqodida aynan o\u02bbsha masalalar inkor etiladi va uning asosi bo\u02bblgan hadislar ham rad etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadis va sunnatni rad etuvchi uchinchi toifa rofiziylar[7]<\/a>dir. Ular ham bu borada eng haddan oshgan guruh bo\u02bblib, Payg\u02bbambar (s.a.v.)ning as\u02bchoblarini haqoratlash, haqqiga nomaqbul so\u02bbzlarni aytish, adolatsizlik va hatto, ba\u02bczilarini dinsizlikda ayblash kabi holatlar ularning sunnatda ko\u02bbrsatilgan hukmlarga amal qilmasligini bildiradi. Ular qaysi sahobiyni ayblagan bo\u02bblsa, uning tomonidan rivoyat qilingan hadislarni ham rad etgan. Hatto, rofiziylardan bo\u02bblgan Kayloniy Abu Ja\u02bcfarga isnodi bilan quyidagi yolg\u02bbon rivoyatni keltiradi: \u201cPayg\u02bbambar (s.a.v.) vafotidan so\u02bbng Miqdom, Salmon va Abu Zarrdan boshqa barcha insonlar murtad bo\u02bbldi\u201d, dedi[8]<\/a>. Bu rivoyat ham tamoman sahobiylarni haqorat qilishdan boshqa narsa emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

To\u02bbrtinchi toifa zindiqiylar[9]<\/a>\u00a0bo\u02bblib, ular ham o\u02bbz qarashlarini himoya qilish maqsadida islom dini manbalarini rad etib kelgan. Ularning asosiy maqsadi islomni zaiflashtirish, hadis va sunnatni haybatini kamaytirish va musulmonlarni chalg\u02bbitishdan iborat edi[10]<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0Davomi bor\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Qur\u02bconi karim. Hashr surasi, 7-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Zuhayliy. Al-Fiqhu va-l-Islom. \u2013 Bayrut: 2011. \u2013 B. 1\/208.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Xorijiylar\u00a0\u2013 ajralib chiqqan, isyonchilar bo\u02bblib,\u00a0 VII asrda islomdagi ilk oqim tarafdorlari.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Xatib Bag\u02bbdodiy. Kifoya fiy ilmi rivoya. Misr. \u2013 Dor Usmoniya: 2010. \u2013 B. 48.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Tahkim \u2013 Xalifa Ali ibn Abu Tolib bilan Muoviya ibn Sufyon o\u02bbrtasidagi bitim.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Mo\u02bbtaziliylar \u2013 ajralib chiqqanlar, uzoqlashganlar, islomdagi ilohiyot oqimlaridan biri. VIII asr o\u02bbrtasida Arab xalifaligida vujudga kelgan. Asoschilari Vosil ibn Ato va Amr ibn Ubayd.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>\u00a0Rofiziylar\u00a0 \u2013 tark etish, rad etish, ba\u02bczan maslagidan qaytish ma\u02bcnolarida, o\u02bbrta asrlarda sunniy islom ilohiyotida izchil islom yo\u02bblidan chetga chiqqan oqimlar, xususan, shialar (Abu Bakr (ra) va Umar (ra)ning xalifalik huquqini rad etgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>\u00a0Kayloniy. Ravzatu-l-Kofiy. Iroq. 2014. \u2013 B. 202.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>\u00a0Zindiq \u2013 dinga ishonmaydigan, xudosiz, ateist, o\u02bbrta asrlarda\u00a0islom\u00a0ta\u02bclimotini\u00a0<\/a><\/u>rad\u00a0etgan, boshqacha fikrlovchi oqimlar, dualistlar, moniylik, mazdakiylik va xurramiylar ta\u02bclimoti vakillariga berilgan umumiy\u00a0<\/a>nom.<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>Ahmad Hanbal. Ahkomu ahli milal va ridda. \u2013 Bayrut: 2010. \u2013 B. 459.<\/span><\/div>\n
Shukrullo UMAROV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
hadisshunoslik ixtisosligi bo\u02bbyicha falsafa doktori PhD<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hadis ilmi tarixi va uning tadrijiy bosqichlarini o\u02bbrganish, sunnat va hadisga nisbatan noxolis bildirilgan fikrlarga qarshi munosib javob berish zaruriy talablardan biridir. Zero, hadis ilmi Payg\u02bbambarimiz Muhammad (s.a.v.) ning muborak so\u02bbzlari Qur\u02bconi karimdan keyingi asl manbadir. Islom shariatiga muvofiq ish tutgan olimlar va barcha musulmonlar bu manbaning haqligi va sahihligini tasdiqlagan. Sunnat va hadisning maqomi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39321,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSUNNAT VA HADISLARNI INKOR ETUVCHI TOIFALAR: TARIXIY VA ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbXSHASHLIKLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SUNNAT VA HADISLARNI INKOR ETUVCHI TOIFALAR: TARIXIY VA ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbXSHASHLIKLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39316&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SUNNAT VA HADISLARNI INKOR ETUVCHI TOIFALAR: TARIXIY VA ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbXSHASHLIKLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SUNNAT VA HADISLARNI INKOR ETUVCHI TOIFALAR: TARIXIY VA ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbXSHASHLIKLAR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39316&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-20T04:21:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-16T07:33:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2024_37.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39316&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39316&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"SUNNAT VA HADISLARNI INKOR ETUVCHI TOIFALAR: TARIXIY VA ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbXSHASHLIKLAR - 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