{"id":39207,"date":"2024-12-12T09:43:45","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T04:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=39207"},"modified":"2024-12-11T11:24:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T06:24:11","slug":"fiqhiy-manbalarda-tinchlikning-targ%ca%bbib-qilinishi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39207&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"FIQHIY MANBALARDA TINCHLIKNING TARG\u02bbIB QILINISHI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Markaziy Osiyo, xususan, O\u02bbzbekiston hududi qadimdan xilma-xil madaniyat, urf-odat va turmush tarziga ega bo\u02bblgan, turli dinlarga e\u02bctiqod qiluvchi, turli tillarda so\u02bbzlashuvchi xalqlar yashab kelayotgan o\u02bblkadir. Bu zaminda tinchlik va barqarorlikni asrash, unga putur yetkazadigan illatlarni bartaraf etish har bir davrning dolzarb masalalaridan biri bo\u02bblib kelgan. Bugungi kunda ham mamlakatimizda bag\u02bbrikenglik va tinchlik-totuvlikni asrashga jamiyat rivojining ustuvor omillaridan biri deb qaraladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti 2018 yil 28 dekabrdagi Oliy Majlisga Murojaatnomasida bunday degan edi:\u00a0\u201cO\u02bbzbekiston millatlararo totuvlik va diniy bag\u02bbrikenglik sohasida o\u02bbz an\u02bcanalariga doimo sodiq bo\u02bblib, bu yo\u02bbldan hech qachon og\u02bbishmasdan ilgari boradi. Mamlakatimizda turli millat va diniy konfessiyalar vakillari o\u02bbrtasida o\u02bbzaro hurmat, do\u02bbstlik va ahillik muhitini mustahkamlashga birinchi darajali e\u02bctibor\u00a0<\/em>qaratiladi. Bu \u2013 bizning eng katta boyligimiz va uni ko\u02bbz qorachig\u02bbidek asrab-avaylash barchamizning burchimizdir\u201d<\/em>[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bcnaviy merosimiz bo\u02bblgan qadimiy ilmiy-badiiy asarlarda ham bag\u02bbrikenglik, tinchlik va hamjihatlik masalalariga alohida e\u02bctibor berilgan. Bu jamiyatda millatlararo totuvlikni shakllantirishda asosiy omillardan biri bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan. Fatvo va hukmlarga oid fiqhiy asarlardagi bahsli masalalarning yechimlarida tinchlik-totuvlikni asrash tamoyillariga asoslangan holda chiqarilgan fatvolar fikrimiz dalilidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazhab peshvolari musulmonlar hayotidagi o\u02bbzgarishlarni doim diqqat bilan kuzatib borgan, o\u02bbzgarishlar bilan hamnafas bo\u02bblgan, odamlarning fiqhiy masalalarga ehtiyojini anglay bilgan. Ular har bir masala bo\u02bbyicha beriladigan fatvoga Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlari va Payg\u02bbambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallam hadislariga suyangan, hayotiy tajribaga asoslangan, uzoqni ko\u02bbra olgan holda, tanqidiy nazar bilan yondashgan. Shu bois qadimiy qo\u02bblyozmalar orasida fiqhiy meros alohida o\u02bbrin tutadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunda ilmiy markazlar, islomshunos tadqiqotchi olimlar tomonidan sivilizatsiyamizning ma\u02bcrifatli ildizlaridan darak beruvchi, turli sohalarda nurli ilmlar bilan to\u02bbldirilgan ushbu ma\u02bcnaviy merosni keng tadqiq etib, mohiyatini ommaga yetkazishi turli radikal fatvolar va buzuq mafkuralarga qarshi kurashishda eng ishonchli va maqbul yo\u02bbl bo\u02bblib qolyapti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu maqola ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda diniy va ijtimoiy masalalarda berilayotgan fatvolardagi ziddiyatli manzarani kuzatgan holda, islomga yot \u201cfatvolar\u201d chiqaruvchi kimsalarga ular unutib qo\u02bbygan qoida va talablarni eslatishga qaratilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yangi paydo bo\u02bblayotgan (navozil) ijtimoiy-diniy masalalar yechim topishda eng yaxshi chora o\u02bbtmishdagi mujtahid ulamolarimiz tutgan yo\u02bbldir. Ular o\u02bbz fatvolarida din va xalq manfaatini uyg\u02bbunlashtira olgan. Bu mujtahiddan yuksak aql-zakovat, chuqur bilim va katta mahorat talab qiladi, albatta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugun yuzaga kelayotgan ijtimoiy-diniy masalalar atrof-muhit, urbanizatsiya, oila, moliyaviy bitimlar, dinlar, sivilizatsiyalar, qadriyatlar muloqoti kabi mavzularni qamrab oladi. Shu bois olimlarimizning bu mavzular bo\u02bbyicha aytayotgan so\u02bbzlari dolzarblik nuqtai nazaridan doim diqqat markazida turishi zarur.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbz fatvolarida birodarlik, tinchlik va osoyishtalikka putur yetkazmaydigan yo\u02bbllarni topish har qanday faqihdan bilim, ko\u02bbnikma va mahorat, to\u02bbg\u02bbri xulosa chiqara olish qobiliyatini talab qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shar\u02bciy masala yechimiga fatvo berayotgan olim fiqhiy tanlovining asosini oydinlashtirsa, buning qiymatini bilish katta qiyinchilik tug\u02bbdirmaydi. Ijtimoiy tarmoqdan turib fatvo beruvchi aksar \u201colimlar\u201dning oqibati o\u02bbylanmagan fatvolari esa turli ziddiyatlarga sabab bo\u02bblib qolmoqda. Bunga nass[2]<\/sup><\/a>, qiyos, urf-odat, maslahatul mursala[3]<\/sup><\/a>, istehson[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0va mashhur mazhab peshvolarining javoblaridan chetga chiqish, shozz[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0javobni tanlash kabilarni misol qilib keltirish mumkin. Jumladan, ulamolar jamoasi rad qilgan narsaga ruxsat berish, marjuhni[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0tasdiqlash, javoblardagi g\u02bbayritabiiylik va takabburlik, ziddiyat va kelishmovchiliklarni hisobga olmagan holda fatvo berish va asrlar davomida amalda bo\u02bblib kelgan hukmlarga zid hukmlarni amaliyotga joriy qilish harakatlari ham shular sirasiga kiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbtmishda shar\u02bciy masalalar yechimida bahs-munozara yuritishdan maqsad o\u02bbrtaga qo\u02bbyilgan masalaning yechimi borasida tortishayotgan tomonlar o\u02bbrtasida muvofiqlik va ijtimoiy kelishuvga erishish bo\u02bblib, bu fatvo beruvchilar o\u02bbrtasida qadriyatlarga hurmat kuchli bo\u02bblganidan dalolat beradi. Ularning eng asosiy maqsadi din, mazhab, ummat va jamiyat manfaatlarini himoya qilishdan iborat bo\u02bblib, barcha faqihlar ijtimoiy barqarorlikka putur yetkazish, odamlar orasiga tafriqa solib qo\u02bbyishdan nihoyatda ehtiyot bo\u02bblgan. Zero, Alloh taolo Qur\u02bconi karimda jamiyatda fitna chiqarishning zarar va gunohi odam o\u02bbldirgannikidan ham og\u02bbirroq ekanini aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u062a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0634\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u0650\ufd3e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFitna qotillikdan ham ashaddiyroq\u00a0<\/strong>(yovuzlik)dir<\/strong>[7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jamiyatni birdamlashtirishga, o\u02bbzaro ittifoqlikka chorlashga hamma mas\u02bcul ekanini marhamat qiladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627\ufd3e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBarchangiz Allohning arqoni\u00a0<\/strong>(Qur\u02bcon)ga bog\u02bblaningiz va firqalarga bo\u02bblinmangiz\u201d<\/strong>[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam ham jamiyatda fitna kelib chiqishiga, parokandalikka sabab bo\u02bbladigan ishlarni qiladiganlarni la\u02bcnatlaganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anas ibn Molikdan rivoyat qilinadi: Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam bunday dedilar:\u00a0\u201cFitna uyqudadir, uni uyg\u02bbotgan kishiga Alloh taoloning la\u02bcnati bo\u02bblsin\u201d<\/em><\/strong>[9]<\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Maqola mavzusi bo\u02bblgan tinchlik barcha qadriyatlarni o\u02bbzida birlashtirgan oliy qadriyatdir. Agar adolat tilga olinsa, tinchlik uning maqsadi, bag\u02bbrikenglik tilga olinadigan bo\u02bblsa, tinchlik uning mohiyati, afv zikr qilinsa, tinchlik uning masdari, muloqot tilga olinsa, tinchlik uning asl o\u02bbzagidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hayotning turli jabhalarida ulamolarning fatvolari musulmonlar uchun eng muhim qo\u02bbllanma bo\u02bblgani uchun fitnalarga sabab bo\u02bblmaydigan to\u02bbg\u02bbri fatvo jamiyat ravnaqi va farovonligining eng asosiy omillaridan sanaladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbtmishda mujtahidlarning fatvo berish uslublari jamiyatda tinchlikni, o\u02bbzaro birodarlikni asrashga qaratilganidan guvohlik beruvchi ko\u02bbplab misollarga duch kelamiz. Bu o\u02bbrinda fatvo berish yuzasidan qabul qilingan eng muhim tamoyillarni tashkil etuvchi eng oliy qadriyatlarni eslatib o\u02bbtamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi va ijtimoiy tinchlikka erishish, birdamlik, o\u02bbzaro bog\u02bbliqlik va bag\u02bbrikenglik madaniyatini singdirish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Hijriy sakkizinchi asrda Andalusda Shayx Ibn Lubb G\u02bbarnotiy ijara masalasida fatvo chiqardi. Uning ijaraga ishchi yollash bilan bog\u02bbliq masalada aytgan so\u02bbzi molikiya mazhabidagi fatvo usullariga zid bo\u02bblgan. Chunki bu mazhabda yollanma ishchining noma\u02bclum to\u02bblov evaziga yerda ijarada ishlashi taqiqlangan. Bunday kelishuv ijarachiga ham, hosilga ham salbiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatadigan soxta shartnoma hisoblanadi. Shayx G\u02bbarnotiy Andalusdagi odamlarning urf-odatlarini hisobga olib, haqqi aniq kelishilmagan ijara mahalliy xalqning urf-odatlariga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelsa, u holda mumkin, deb fatvoni bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Shayxdan asalarichilikda ijaraga ishlaydigan odam va unga beriladigan haq asalning bir qismi bo\u02bblishi haqida ham so\u02bbralgan. Unga shunday yo\u02bbl bilan haq to\u02bblasa bo\u02bbladimi, yo\u02bbqmi? Alloma bu savolga quyidagicha javob beradi: \u201cOlingan asalning bir qismini berish sharti bilan ishga yollashning hukmi ishchiga beriladigan haqqa oid masaladir. Molikiy mazhabidagi hukmlarga ko\u02bbra, bunday haq to\u02bblash sharti bilan ishchi yollash man etiladi. Buning sababi \u201cmiqdori noma\u02bclum haq evaziga ishchining ijarada ishlashi\u201d deb ko\u02bbrsatilgan\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Shunday qilib, alloma jamiyatning urf-odatlari va holatini hisobga olgan holda ijaraga narxi aniq qilinmagan savdo bilan ishga yollashda ikki xil fatvo bermoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hanafiy mazhabida temir quyish pechlari va karvonsaroy (dam olish uylari)da ham ijaraga bunday savdo bilan odam yollash taqiqlanadi. Chunki, bu turdagi kelishuv oqibatida o\u02bbrtada ziddiyatlar paydo bo\u02bblishi ehtimoli mavjud. Bunday ijaraga ruxsat temir qirindisi va idishda ortib qolgan suv bilan haq to\u02bblasa bo\u02bblaveradi, deydigan kimsaning nazdida mumkin bo\u02bbladi, deyiladi. Yuqoridagi fatvolarga ko\u02bbra, musulmonlar ijaraga odam yollash narxini aniq kelishuvlar asosida belgilashga harakat qilgan, natijada yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo\u02bblgan turli kelishmovchiliklarning oldi olingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Mahalla va qo\u02bbshnilik qadriyatlarini mustahkamlovchi fatvolar.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Bugun ijtimoiy osoyishtalik va mintaqa aholisining birdamligiga putur yetkazadigan nizolar nuqtai nazaridan qaraganda, suv iste\u02bcmoli va sug\u02bborish muammolari tobora dolzarb ahamiyat kasb etib bormoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

      O\u02bbtmishda ulamolar bunday muammolarni oqilona hal qilgan. Tarixda ko\u02bbplab musulmon xalqlarining hayoti asosan qishloq xo\u02bbjaligi resurslariga bog\u02bbliq bo\u02bblgan. Shuning uchun ular o\u02bbrtasida suv taqsimlash va undan foydalanishni tartibga solish sohasi juda rivojlangan. Bu mushtarak taqsimotni boshqarishga to\u02bbsqinlik qiladigan biror narsa paydo bo\u02bblsa, faqih va muftiylarga murojaat qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Shayx Abu Qosim Ibn Lubbdan tog\u02bbdagi yuqori qishloqdan pastdagi qishloq tekisligiga oqib tushayotgan anhor suvi haqida so\u02bbrashdi. O\u02bbsha vaqtgacha yuqori qishloq aholisining daryodan suvni yuqoriga ko\u02bbtarib yetkazib beradigan suv g\u02bbildiragiga (charxpalakka) ehtiyoji bo\u02bblmagan, ya\u02bcni suv tashib ichilgan. Endi aholi ko\u02bbpayib, suvga ehtiyoj ortgani sababli yuqori qishloq odamlari daryodan suvni yuqoriga chiqarish maqsadida charxpalak qurish uchun past qishloqqa tegishli yerdan joy ajratib berish haqida fatvo chiqarishni so\u02bbrab iltimos qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Shayx Abu Qosim ikki qishloq aholisini tinchlikni qadrlashga, birodarlik va jamoat manfaatlariga, eski odatlarga qarab hukm chiqarishga chaqirib, bunday javob beradi: \u201cSuvdan kelishilgan holda foydalanish kerak. O\u02bbtmishda asli bo\u02bblmagan narsani yaratib, urf bo\u02bblib turgan ishga qarshi chiqish joiz emas. Bir-biringiz bilan kelishgan holda qishloq ahlining oqsoqollari roziligi bilan shunday qilsangiz yaxshiroq bo\u02bbladi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ixtilof ortidan keladigan fasodni daf qilish, tafriqaga yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbymaslik.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Aqidaviy masalalar yechimiga oid asarlarda keltirilgan fatvolar ayrim holatlarda o\u02bbziga xos urf-odatlar bilan muvofiqlashtirilgan holda berilgan. Faqih ixtilof chiqarmaslik uchun jamiyat urf-odatlari, manfaati yoki zaruratini hisobga olib, eng rojih va mashhur ulamolarning so\u02bbzlaridan ham voz kechib, zaif yoki shozz bo\u02bblgan gaplarga amal qilgan holda fatvo bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Sakkizinchi asrda bid\u02bcat masalasi ulamolar orasida kuchli bahs-munozaralar va fiqhiy sharhlarga sabab bo\u02bblgan. Ibn Lubbning shogirdi Abu Is\u02bchoq Shotibiy boshchiligidagi ulamolar bid\u02bcatni qoralashga katta e\u02bctibor qaratib, \u201cI\u02bctisom\u201d kitobiga shunga oid fatvolarni qo\u02bbshgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Biz bu yerda taqdim etayotgan masala Ibn Lubbning bid\u02bcat tushunchasiga oydinlik kiritganidir. Unga imom (rahbar)ning darvesh va so\u02bbfiylar majlisida ishtirok etib, zikrlarni tinglashi bilan bog\u02bbliq savol beriladi. \u201cImomning bu ishi uning odillik sifatiga putur yetkazadimi, yo\u02bbqmi?\u201d U: \u201cSiz sifatlagan narsalar bid\u02bcat emas, so\u02bbfiy va darveshlar qilayotgan ishni ko\u02bbpchilik ulamolar mumkin deb biladi. Shuning uchun darvesh va so\u02bbfiylar majlisida ishtirok etib, ularning zikrlarini tinglashi imom (rahbar)ning imomati (rahbarlik qilishi)ga to\u02bbsqinlik qilmaydi va odillik sifatiga putur yetkazmaydi\u201d, deb javob beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlari ham tafriqaga yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbymaslikka, ijtimoiy hayotda do\u02bbst-birodar bo\u02bblib, tinchlik-totuvlikda umrguzaronlik qilishga chorlaydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0646\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0634\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0622\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\ufd3e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cHammangiz Allohning arqoni\u00a0<\/strong>(Qur\u02bcon)ni mahkam tuting va firqalarga bo\u02bblinmang hamda o\u02bbzaro adovatda bo\u02bblgan paytlaringizda dillaringizni\u00a0<\/strong>(tutashtirib)\u00a0oshno qilib qo\u02bbygan Allohning ne\u02bcmatini yodda tuting. Uning ne\u02bcmati tufayli birodarlarga aylandingiz. Do\u02bbzax chohi yoqasida turganingizda, sizlarni undan qutqardi. Shoyad haq yo\u02bblni topgaysizlar, deb, Alloh O\u02bbz oyatlarini sizlarga shunday bayon qiladi\u201d<\/strong>[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ushbu oyatda ko\u02bbplab ma\u02bcnolar mujassam bo\u02bblgan. Unda insonlarning jamoa bo\u02bblib yashashi ham Alloh taoloning ulkan ne\u02bcmati ekani ta\u02bckidlanmoqda va jamiyatni turli firqalarga bo\u02bblinish balosidan saqlash buyurilmoqda. Bu o\u02bbz-o\u02bbzidan jamoaviy va individual ravishda tinchlikning qadrini mustahkamlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Shuningdek, Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam\u00a0\u201cTinchlik va xotirjamlik ikki ulug\u02bb ne\u02bcmatdirki, bundan ko\u02bbp odamlar mahrumdir\u201d, \u201cKimki bizga qarshi tig\u02bb ko\u02bbtarsa, u islom ahlidan emas\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0deb, insonlarni tinchlikning qadriga yetishga, o\u02bbzaro ahil-inoq yashashga chaqiradilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Odamlarning tinchlik-xotirjamlikda yashab, Parvardigoriga itoat etishda hamkorlik qilishiga qarshi qaratilgan buzg\u02bbunchilikdan ham fosidroq g\u02bboya bormi dunyoda?<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Oilaviy qadriyatlarni mustahkamlash, nuqsonlarini tuzatish va daxlsizligini saqlash.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Mazhab peshvolari so\u02bbzlarida oila bilan bog\u02bbliq yangi muammoli jihatlar va er-xotin o\u02bbrtasidagi ziddiyatlarga qiyos talab qiladigan masalalar muqobilida istehson tamoyiliga asoslangan ko\u02bbplab fatvolar topildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Er-xotinning ajrashishi ichki va tashqi ta\u02bcsirlarga bog\u02bbliq bo\u02bblib, oilalarning buzilib ketishi, bolalarning yetim qolishi va jamiyatning parokanda bo\u02bblishiga olib keladi. Shu sababli islomda oilaning butunligini saqlash eng muhim ishlardan sanalgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Istehson mazhab peshvolarining fatvo berishdagi tamoyillaridan biri bo\u02bblib, u orqali mujtahidlar fasodni daf qilish maqsadida aniq hukmdan boshqalarga ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblmagan hukmga o\u02bbtishni niyat qiladi. Istehson bir masala bo\u02bbyicha faqat ikkita yechim mavjud bo\u02bblgandagina qo\u02bbllanadi. Faqih bir masala yechimida ataylab ikki dalilning birini undagi fatvo jamiyatga manfaatliroq bo\u02bblgani uchun ikkinchisidan ustun qo\u02bbyadi. Bu urf-odatlarni va beriladigan fatvoning ulamolar tomonidan ma\u02bcqullanishini hisobga olgan holda amalga oshiriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Faqih birinchi bo\u02bblib ishdagi hukmni qiyosiy nuqtai nazardan keltirgandan so\u02bbng undagi manfaatning ustunligi sababli istehsonga o\u02bbtadi. Shuning uchun istehson dalili kuchliroq, to\u02bbg\u02bbrilik ehtimoli yaqinroq va shariatda ko\u02bbzlangan niyatga erishish uchun kafolati ko\u02bbproq bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Shu sababli hanafiy mazhabida oila qurishda istehsonni muqaddam qo\u02bbyish tamoyiliga alohida e\u02bctibor beriladi. Bunga misol qilib hanafiy mazhabida nikoh uchun qiz bolaga valiyning shart qilinishini keltirish mumkin. Bunda valiy deb qiz bolaning \u2013 garchi u turmushga chiqib ketsa-da \u2013 haq-huquqlarini himoya qiluvchi kishi tushuniladi. Shuningdek, ajrashish masalalarida qozining hukmi shart qilingan bo\u02bblib, bunda oilani saqlab qolish uchun doim bir imkoniyat axtaradigan ilmli kishining fatvosi topilib qolishi umid qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Shuningdek, bunga misol tariqasida shar\u02bciy yechimga muhtoj voqea-hodisalarga berilgan fatvoni keltirish mumkin. Bunda xotiniga bir yil o\u02bbtmaguncha uyi eshigidan chiqmasligi, chiqsa, taloq qilishi haqida qasam ichgan bir kishi aytilgan. Mujtahid ulamolarimiz o\u02bbsha kimsani bunday torlikdan xalos qiladigan va oilasini buzilib ketishdan saqlaydigan fatvoni bergan. Ya\u02bcni, u qasamini buzadi va buning uchun kafforat beradi. Alaloqibat xotiniga taloq tushmay, oila saqlanib qoladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Ushbu maqolada yoritilgan tinchlik va o\u02bbzaro birodarlikni mustahkamlash, jamiyat manfaatlarini eng birinchi o\u02bbringa qo\u02bbyish zamirida chiqarilgan fatvolar mujtahid faqihlarning fatvolari dengizidan bir tomchi, xolos.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Bugungi kunda musulmonlar orasiga fitna va tafriqalar tushishiga sabab bo\u02bblayotgan, ijtimoiy tarmoq orqali oqibati o\u02bbylanmay berilayotgan fatvolarning ko\u02bbpaygani tinchlik va osoyishtalikni saqlashda muhim omil bo\u02bblgan salaf mujtahidlarning fatvolarini keng miqyosda qayta o\u02bbrganib chiqish vaqti kelganidan darak beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Mujtahid faqihlar jamiyatga beqarorlik emas, tinchlik, farovonlik va manfaat keltirishga alohida e\u02bctibor bergan. Har bir fatvo shariat hukmlari asosida insoniy fazilatlar nizomini asrashga xizmat qilishi lozim. Ular doimo shu nuqtai nazardan fatvo chiqarishga harakat qilgan. Shu sababli faqihlarning qadr-qimmati doim baland bo\u02bblgan, fatvolari asrlar osha o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Salaf mujtahid allomalarimizning fatvolarini mushohada qilar ekanmiz, bugungi kunda islom dini shiorlari bo\u02bblgan hijrat, jihod kabi so\u02bbzlarni niqob qilib, notinchlik, beqarorlik va boshboshdoqlikka olib boradigan fatvolar berayotgan ijtimoiy tarmoq \u201culamolari\u201dning tutgan yo\u02bbli va maqsadlari qanchalar razil ekani kunday ravshan bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

          [1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Mamlakat rivojidagi istiqbolli vazifalar (Oliy Majlis Senati va Qonunchilik palatasi a\u02bczolariga 2018 yilda amalga oshirilgan asosiy ishlar yakuni va O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasini 2019 yilda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlantirishning eng ustuvor yo\u02bbnalishlariga bag\u02bbishlangan Murojaatnoma). \/https:\/\/kun.uz\/99444746.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Qur\u02bconi karim va sunnati mutahhara.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Inson ixtiyorida bo\u02bblgan erkin masalalar.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Bir hukmni ikkinchisidan yaxshi deb hisoblash.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Shozz lug\u02bbatda \u2013 jumhurdan ajrab, yakka o\u02bbzi qolganga aytiladi. Istilohda esa \u2013 o\u02bbzidan sonda yoki rostgo\u02bbylikda yoki adolatda kuchliroqlarni rivoyatiga muxolif chiqqan ishonchli kishining rivoyatiga aytiladi.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Masalaning javobida o\u02bbziga ma\u02bcqul bo\u02bblgani uchun zaif bo\u02bblsa-da, dalili yengil javobni tanlash.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolarining tarjimasi. Tarjima va tafsir muallifi Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. \u2013T.: Sharq., 2004. Baqara surasi, 191-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Oli Imron surasi, 103-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Jaloliddin Suyutiy. \u201cAl-Jomi\u02bc as-sag\u02bbiyr\u201d. \u201cDorul fikr\u201d, Bayrut. 5975-hadis. 3-juz. \u2013B. 229. Jaloliddin Suyutiy. \u201cAl-Fath al-kabiyr\u201d. \u201cDorul fikr\u201d, Bayrut 2003. 8272-hadis. 2-juz. \u2013B. 265. Ali ibn Hisom Hindiy. \u201cKanzul a\u02bcmol\u201d. \u201cMuassatur risola\u201d. Bayrut 1989. 30891-hadis. 11-juz. \u2013 B. 186.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Oli Imron surasi, 103-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
          \n
          Nodir QOBILOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
          Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Markaziy Osiyo, xususan, O\u02bbzbekiston hududi qadimdan xilma-xil madaniyat, urf-odat va turmush tarziga ega bo\u02bblgan, turli dinlarga e\u02bctiqod qiluvchi, turli tillarda so\u02bbzlashuvchi xalqlar yashab kelayotgan o\u02bblkadir. Bu zaminda tinchlik va barqarorlikni asrash, unga putur yetkazadigan illatlarni bartaraf etish har bir davrning dolzarb masalalaridan biri bo\u02bblib kelgan. Bugungi kunda ham mamlakatimizda bag\u02bbrikenglik va tinchlik-totuvlikni asrashga jamiyat rivojining …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFIQHIY MANBALARDA TINCHLIKNING TARG\u02bbIB QILINISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"FIQHIY MANBALARDA TINCHLIKNING TARG\u02bbIB QILINISHI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39207&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FIQHIY MANBALARDA TINCHLIKNING TARG\u02bbIB QILINISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"FIQHIY MANBALARDA TINCHLIKNING TARG\u02bbIB QILINISHI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39207&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-12T04:43:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-11T06:24:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2024_30.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39207&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=39207&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"FIQHIY MANBALARDA TINCHLIKNING TARG\u02bbIB QILINISHI - 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