{"id":37646,"date":"2024-09-19T10:20:34","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T05:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=37646"},"modified":"2024-09-19T10:20:34","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T05:20:34","slug":"islomd%d0%b0-erk%d0%b0k-v%d0%b0-%d0%b0yol-tengligi-goy%d0%b0sining-gnoseologik-t%d0%b0lqini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37646&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ISLOMD\u0410 ERK\u0410K V\u0410 \u0410YOL TENGLIGI G\u2018OY\u0410SINING GNOSEOLOGIK T\u0410LQINI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Har qanday davlat va jamiyat taraqqiyoti bir qator omillar asosida yuz beradi. Bu jarayonda ayollar, ularning ijtimoiy-siyosiy munosabatlardagi ishtiroki, huquq va erkinliklari amalda ta\u2019minlangani masalasi \u2013 davlat rivoji va demokratiyaning muhim indeksi sanaladi. Zotan, ayol va uning jamiyat hayotidagi o\u2018rni hamisha muhim mezon bo\u2018lib kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Har qanday ijtimoiy tuzilma asosida ayollarning reproduktiv imkoniyati bilan birga, yangi avlodning shakllanishi va rivojlanishida ham ularning o\u2018rni beqiyos. Jamiyatda xotin-qizlar va erkaklar uchun teng huquq hamda imkoniyat kafolatini ta\u2019minlashning asosiy prinsiplari mavjud bo\u2018lib, ular qonuniylik, demokratizm, xotin-qizlar va erkaklarning teng huquqliligi, jins bo\u2018yicha kamsitishga yo\u2018l qo\u2018yilmasligi, ochiqlik va shaffoflikdir. Fanda \u201cFeminizm\u201d tushunchasi ham aynan shu ma\u2019noda ishlatiladi. Ya\u2019ni \u201cFeminizm bu jinslar o\u02bbrtasida siyosiy, iqtisodiy, shaxsiy va ijtimoiy tenglikni tashkil etishga qaratilgan ijtimoiy-siyosiy harakat va mafkuralar tizimidir. Feminizm jamiyatda erkaklar nuqtayi nazarining ustun ko\u02bbrilishi, ayollarga esa adolatsiz munosabatda bo\u02bblishi g\u02bboyasini o\u02bbz ichiga oladi. Ushbu holatni o\u02bbzgartirish uchun feminizm gender stereotiplariga qarshi kurashish, ayollarga xuddi erkaklar uchun mavjud bo\u02bblgan ta\u02bclim va mehnat imkoniyatlarini yaratishga harakat qiladi. Feministik harakatlar xotin-qizlar huquqlari, shu jumladan ovoz berish, davlat lavozimlarini egallash, mehnat qilish, adolatli ish haqi olish va maoshdagi gender tafovutini bartaraf etish, mulkka egalik qilish, ta\u02bclim olish, nikohda teng huquqqa ega bo\u02bblish va onalik ta\u02bctiliga ega bo\u02bblish uchun harakat qiladi\u201d [10].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi globallashuv jarayonida yangi avlodning har qanday sharoitga nisbatan faol fuqarolik pozitsiyasini shakllantirish masalasida xotin-qizlarning o\u2018rni va roli har qachongidan-da muhim. Shu bois islohotlarning asosiy mazmuni ham xotin-qizlarning yangi g\u2018oya va tashabbuslar bilan chiqishini qo\u2018llab-quvvatlash, mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan sa\u2019y-harakat, o\u2018zgarish va ijtimoiy-siyosiy jarayonlarda ularning faol ishtirok etishini ta\u2019minlashdan iborat. Zero, inson qadrini ulug\u2018lash, avvalo, ayolga hurmat va ehtirom, mo\u2018tabar onalarimizni e\u2019zozlash, munis opa-singillarimizni qadrlash orqali ro\u2018yobga chiqadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muqaddas dinimiz Islomda erkak va ayollarga tenglik bilan muomala qilingan. Haq-huquq borasida biri boshqasidan ustun qo\u2018yilmagan. Shuningdek, islom shariati umumiy shaklda aniq maqsadga erishishni ko\u2018zlagan bo\u2018lib, u \u201chimoya\u201d deb ataladi. Himoya esa turli jabha va shakllarda namoyon bo\u2018ladi. Xususan, ayollarning sha\u2019ni, ularga taalluqli barcha narsa islom dini asosida himoya qilinadi. Shu sababdan ham Qur\u2019oni karim va sunnati nabaviyada ayollarga oid haq-huquqlar, nozik va daqiq ta\u2019riflar alohida e\u2019tibor bilan keltiriladi, adolat, latofat va mehr bilan bayon qilinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomdan oldin ayol kishi nafaqat huquqlari poymol qilinishiga, balki insonlik darajasidan mahrum qilinishiga mahkum qilingan edi. \u201cIslom dinining ayollarning jamiyatdagi o\u02bbrniga ta\u02bcsirini baholash uchun undan oldingi Arabistondagi xotin-qizlar o\u02bbrnini ko\u02bbrib chiqish kerak. O\u02bbsha paytdagi ayollarning holati ko\u02bbp narsalarni orzu qilishdan iborat edi\u201d [4]. Masalan, islom dastlab paydo bo\u2019lgan yurt va zamonda qiz bola tug\u2018ilgan oila motam tutar va keyinchalik or-nomus va iqtisodiy qiyinchilikka sabab bo\u2018lmasin deb qiz tiriklayin ko\u2018mib yuborilar edi. Qur\u2019oni karim bu odatlarni qattiq qoraladi va man qildi. Musulmon oilalarda qiz tug\u2018ilsa o\u2018g\u2018il tug\u2018ilgandan ko\u2018ra ko\u2018proq xursand bo\u2018lish lozim ekani ta\u2019kidlandi. Qizni yaxshi tarbiya qilganga o\u2018g\u2018il bolani voyaga yetkazganiga qaraganda ko\u2018p va\u2019dalar berildi. Dinimizda ko\u2018rsatilishicha, go\u2018zal xulq egasi qilib tarbiyalangan qiz uchun otaga ikki dunyo saodati beriladi. Islomda qizlarning tarbiyasi, ta\u2019limi, madaniyati va o\u2018sib voyaga yetishi uchun zarur bo\u2018lgan har bir narsa otaning zimmasidagi farzdir. Ota bu farzdan faqat qiz turmushga chiqqandan keyingina ozod bo\u2018ladi. Chunki endi bu farz erning zimmasiga o\u2018tadi. Otasi yoki eri yo\u2018q bo\u2018lgan ayolning nafaqasi akasi yoki uning o\u2018rnini bosuvchi boshqa shaxslarga majburiyat sifatida o\u2018tadi. Umuman, islom dinida ayol kishi nafaqasiz qolishi mumkin emas. Qizning nafaqasi otaga, xotinniki erga, singilniki aka-ukaga, onaniki o\u2018g\u2018ilga qilishi kerak bo\u2018lgan burch sanaladi. Islom ayol kishiga ta\u2019lim olish va madaniy saviyasini oshirish huquqini berdi va erkaklarni bu ishga mas\u2019ul qildi. Ilm talabi er-ayolga barobar farzligi, qizlari va singillariga barobar ta\u2019lim bergan kishi ikki dunyo saodatiga erishishga haqli ekanini yaxshi bilamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayol kishi faqat ta\u2019lim olish, dars eshitishga haqli emas, balki ta\u2019lim berish, ilm qilish va dars o\u2018tish huquqiga ham egadir. Muslima ayollarning ilm-fan va madaniyat sohasida ulkan yutuqlarga erishgani hammaga ma\u2019lum. Musulmon ayolining jamiyat, siyosat va shariat maydonida ham keragicha ulushi bo\u2018lgan. Ba\u02bczi tadqiqotchilar Islomda ayollar XX asrgacha bo\u02bblgan ba\u02bczi G\u02bbarb mamlakatlariga qaraganda ko\u02bbproq huquqlarga ega ekanini ta\u02bckidlaydi. Masalan, fransuz qonunchiligiga muvofiq ayollarning huquq layoqatini cheklash faqat 1965-yilda bekor qilingan [2:167-169].<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom ayollarni hurmat-ehtiromini o\u2018rniga qo\u2018yib, ayollik latofatini saqlab qolishi, shuningdek, o\u2018z vazifasini to\u2018liq ado etish orqali jamiyati, vatani va diniga kerak bo\u2018lgan xizmatni ado etishi uchun barcha sharoitni yaratib bergan. Islom erkaklarga mos bo\u2018lgan og\u2018ir ishlarni ayollarga farz qilmagan. Lekin ayollarga xos ba\u2019zi ishlarni erkaklarga xos ishlar bilan tenglashtirib, ularning erkaklar bilan bir xil ajr olishini joriy qilgan. Masalan, ayollarning farzand dunyoga keltirishda ko\u2018rgan qiynog\u2018i erkaklarning dushmanga qarshi kurashdagi jasoratiga tenglashtirilgan. Bu qoida o\u2018z haq-huquqini talab qilib chiqqan musulmon ayollar sharofati bilan Payg\u2018ambarimiz Muhammad (s.a.v.) tomonlaridan bayon qilingan. Ya\u2019ni ayol erning roziligi bilan ish tutishi yuqori darajada ajr olishiga teng keladi. Islomiy nuqtayi nazarga ko\u2018ra, farzand tarbiyasi va oila mustahkamligi ayollarning ko\u2018chaga chiqib, o\u2018ziga mos bo\u2018lmagan ishlarni bajargan holda pul topishidan afzaldir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uilyam Montgomeri fikriga ko\u2018ra, Muhammad (s.a.v.) o\u02bbz davrining tarixiy kontekstida ayollar huquqlarini himoya qilgan va asosiy huquqiy kafolatlarni ta\u02bcminlash orqali ularning mavqeini sezilarli darajada yaxshilagan shaxsdir [3]. Jon Espositoning qayd etishicha esa, Muhammad (s.a.v.) ayollarga ularning jamiyatdagi mavqeini oshirishga yordam beradigan huquqlar: oilaviy hayot, nikoh, ta\u02bclim va iqtisodiy aloqalar sohasida huquq va imtiyozlar bergan [3]. Ammo shunga qaramay, ayollarning Islomdagi o\u02bbrni umuman Qur\u2019on g\u02bboyalariga emas, balki hukmron patriarxal madaniyat me\u02bcyorlariga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelardi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shariatga ko\u2018ra, muslima ayol o\u2018zining mustaqil daromad manbaiga ega bo\u2018lishi va mablag\u2018ini o\u2018z ixtiyoricha sarflash huquqiga ega. O\u2018n to\u2018rt asr o\u2018tgachgina Yevropa ayoli o\u2018zi uchun bunday huquqqa erisha oldi. Angliyada XIX asr oxirigacha ham er o\u2018z xotinining shaxsiy mulki va mol-dunyosidan keladigan barcha daromadlarini istaganicha tasarruf qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muslima ayol barcha ijtimoiy, siyosiy sohalarda va davlat siyosatining barcha darajalarida to\u2018liq ovoz berish huquqiga ega. AQSHda ayollar o\u2018zining saylov huquqiga faqatgina 1920-yilda erishganini eslash kifoya. Ular bu huquqni olmagan, balki bunga manifestatsiya va ish tashlashlar yo\u2018li bilan erishgan. Islomda ayol kishi ajrashish huquqiga ega va erining zulmiga bardosh berishga majbur emas. Har qanday moddiy yoki ma\u2019naviy zarar ayol kishiga mahkama orqali beriladigan ajrashish uchun yetarli asos hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuni qayd etish lozimki, ajrashish musulmon kishi uchun katta moddiy xarajatlarni keltirib chiqaradi. Er farzandlarini to\u2018liq ta\u2019minlashi, sobiq xotiniga ularning tarbiyasi uchun va ma\u2019lum muddatgacha boqishi uchun pul to\u2018lashi, uy ijarasi haqqini to\u2018lashi shart. Er nikohning saqlanib qolishidan moddiy va ma\u2019naviy jihatdan manfaatdor. Islom dunyosi mustahkam oila zanjiri bilan dong taratgani bejiz emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom dinida qizni o\u2018zining roziligisiz erga berish man qilingan. Qizning roziligisiz tuzilgan nikoh shariatga ko\u2018ra, noqonuniy hisoblanadi va u bekor qilinadi. Qiyoslash uchun aytishimiz mumkinki, Rossiyada 1861-yilgacha krepostnoy dehqonlarning qizlari pomeshchiklar buyrug\u2018i bilan erga berilgan. Shuningdek, ularga inson bilan emas, mol bilan qilinadigan muomalada bo\u2018lishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muslima ayol mehnat qilish huquqiga ega. Shuni ta\u2019kidlash lozimki, ayol mehnat qilish huquqiga ega, biroq ishlashga majbur emas. Chunki Islomga muvofiq, faqat er xotinini va farzandlarini barcha zarur narsalar: uy-joy, oziq-ovqat, kiyim-bosh bilan ta\u2019minlashi shart.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eng qiziqarli jihati shundaki, musulmon olimlar fikriga ko\u2018ra, ayol kishi hatto kir yuvish, tozalash, ovqat pishirish bo\u2018ladimi \u2013 umuman uy ishlarini qilishga ham majbur emas. Bu agar o\u2018zi rozi bo\u2018lsa, xotinning ixtiyoriy xizmati bo\u2018ladi. Rozi bo\u2018lmasa, er xizmatchi ayol yollashi lozim bo\u2018ladi. Aytgancha, bu Dog\u2018iston aholisi tutgan mazhab bo\u2018lmish Shofe\u2019iy mazhabining ham fikridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayollarni yuksaklarga ko\u2019targan va sharaf tojini kiydirgan Islom dinida oila masalasiga ham jiddiy e\u2019tibor beriladi. Naslni saqlash, nafsni tiyish, jamiyatni turli axloqiy buzuqlik va fahshdan asrash, tinch va farovon hayotni ta\u2019minlash uchun kurashadi. Islomiy tarbiya er-xotin va farzandlar o\u2019rtasida chinakam muhabbat va mehr-oqibat rishtalarini bog\u2019lash asosiga qurilgan. Payg\u2019ambarimiz Muhammad (s.a.v.): \u201cUylaninglar va ko\u2019payinglar. Chunki haqiqatdan men boshqa payg\u2019ambarlar oldida ummatimning ko\u2019pligi bilan faxrlanaman\u201d [5], deganlar. Boshqa bir hadisda Rasuli akram (s.a.v.) shunday buyuradilar: \u201cKimki uylanishi uchun sharoiti bo\u2019laturib uylanmasa, u bizdan emasdir\u201d [7].<\/span><\/p>\n

Madaniyat haqida qoloq tushunchaga ega bo\u2019lganlar dunyoning rohati-yu, nafs istaklarini ma\u2019bud darajasiga ko\u2018targan. Bunday odamlar bir tarafdan huzur-halovatini buzmaslik, boshqa tomondan esa boylik orttirish xayolida oila qurishni ortiqcha ish deb biladi. Bunday kishilar koshonalarda yashaydi. Xalq oldida biologik ochlik haqida gapiradi, odamlar ko\u2018payishining oldini olish yo\u2019llarini talqin qilib, oilaga qarshi chiqadi. Holbuki, bu Shaytoni lain tavsiyasidir. Dunyo nufuzi har qancha ortmasin, ozuqa javhari tuganmasdir. Yaratgan Alloh rizq berishga ham qodir. Quruqlikdagi butun ozuqa tugagan taqdirda ham, dengizlardagi ozuqa insoniyatni boqishga yetarli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunda Yevropa mamlakatlari aholining ko\u2019p qismi keksayib qolgani va yoshlar sonining ozligidan xavotirga tushmoqda. Hozirgi kunda AQSHda har soniyada bir jinoyat sodir etilmoqda. Har olti soniyada bir ayolga tajovuz qilinadi. Fransiyada ham odamlar eng ko\u2019p xavfsiraydigan hodisa \u2013 bu tajovuzdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom oila masalasiga jiddiy e\u2019tibor bilan qarar ekan, begona erkak va ayolning bir-biri bilan iloji boricha yuzlashmaslikni talab qiladi. Zero, musulmon kishi nasli va nafsini asrash bilan dunyo lazzati va huzur-halovatiga erishadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yangi oila qurgan yoshlarimiz o\u2019z oilasi mustahkamligi va barqarorligi uchun kurashmog\u2018i zarur. Solih yigitimizga bir soliha qizni izlar ekanmiz, uning go\u2019zalligi, mol-mulki, martabasini emas, balki taqvosi, axloqi va tarbiya topgan oilasini hisobga olishimiz lozim. Kuyov tanlashda ham xuddi shu xususiyatlarga e\u2019tibor berish zarur. Bir onlik go\u2019zallik va martabaga uchish halovatni buzadi, oxir-oqibat oila inqirozga yuz tutadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhtaram Payg\u2019ambarimiz (s.a.v.): \u201cHadrai dimandan uzoq turing\u201d, deb buyurganlarida, sahobalar \u201chadrai diman\u201d ma\u2019nosini so\u2019raydilar. U kishi: \u201cZalolatda o\u2018sgan go\u2018zal ayol\u201d, deb javob beradilar. Yaxshi va islomiy tarbiya olmagan moddiy go\u2018zallikka zil ketadi. Bizdan biror yigit yoki qizning axloqi so\u2019ralsa, u haqdagi haqiqatni aytish burchimizdir. Zero, to\u2019g\u2019ri so\u2019zlamaslik, haqiqatni yashirish hollari ham uchrab turishi tabiiy. Go\u2018yo bu bilan biz yaxshilik qilmoqchi bo\u2019lamiz. Holbuki, bu yolg\u2018onchilik hayot bilan o\u2018ynashishdir. To\u2018g\u2018ri, kishi bilganni yashirmaydi. Payg\u2019ambarimiz (s.a.v.) \u201cSoliha bir ayolga uylangan kishi diniy vazifasining yarmini bajargan hisoblanadi, endi dinning yarmini ham bajarsin\u201d [6], deb buyuradilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Erkakning ayoli oldidagi vazifalari yedirish, kiydirish, salomatligini saqlash, boshpana bilan ta\u2019minlash, kelishib ziyorat va xorijga chiqish, nomusini himoya qilish va ayolini begona ko\u2019zdan asrashdan iboratdir. Ayolning o\u2019z eri (turmush o\u2018rtog\u2018i) oldidagi burchi esa Islomdan chiqmaslik sharti bilan itoatli bo\u2019lish, hatto, ibodat qilishida ham ruxsat so\u2018rash, unga tashakkur bildirish, begonalar bilan gaplashmaslik, bolalarni tarbiya qilish va erining mol-mulkini qo\u2019riqlashdan iboratdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Darhaqiqat, ayolning qiz, rafiqa va ona sifatida umr kechirishi va umri davomida ehtiromi va himoyasini ko\u2018zda tutgan oyat va hadislarni e\u2019tiboringizga havola etamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomda ayolning haqlari quyidagicha ado etilishi lozim:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ayollarga yaxshi muomalada bo\u2019lish, ularga nisbatan xushmuomala, shirin so\u2019z, muloyim munosabatda bo\u2019lish, nohaqlik va qo\u2019pollik qilmaslik lozim. Bu xususda Payg\u2019ambarimiz (s.a.v.) shunday marhamat qilganlar: \u201cMo\u2019minlarning eng to\u2019la ishonchlisi xushxulqlisidir. Sizlarning yaxshilaringiz ayollarga, zavjalariga yaxshi muomalada bo\u2019lganlaringizdir\u201d [9].<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Ayollarni urmaslik. Qur\u2019oni karimning: \u201cXotinlaringizning itoatsizligidan qo\u2019rqsangiz, avvalo, ularga pand-nasihat qilinglar, so\u2018ng <\/strong>(ya\u2019ni nasihatlaring kor qilmasa,) ularni yotoqlarida tark qilinglar, so\u2018ngra <\/strong>(bu ham kor qilmasa,) ularni (majruh bo\u2018lmaydigan darajada) uringiz. Ammo sizlarga itoat qilsalar, ularga qarshi <\/strong>(boshqa) yo\u2018l axtarmangizlar. Albatta, Alloh juda oliy va ulug\u2019 zotdir\u201d<\/strong> (\u201cNiso\u201d surasi, 34-oyat) [1:72] oyatida aytilganidek, itoatsiz ayolni tarbiya va so\u2018nggi chora sifatida qattiq og\u2018ritmasdan urishga izn berilgan. Lekin Muhammad (s.a.v.) o\u2018zlari ayollarini urmaganlar va xotin kishini urganlarga ham qarshi turganlar. \u201cNe bo\u2019ldi erkaklarga, xotinlarini qul kabi uradilar, holbuki, ayni kun so\u2019ngi(tun)da latiflashadilar\u201d, degan hadis ham so\u2019zimizning isbotidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Shuningdek, ayollarga ham erlariga ozor bermaslik amr etilgan. Muoz ibn Jabal (r.a.) dan rivoyat qilinishicha, Rasululloh (s.a.v.) shunday marhamat qiladilar: \u201cQaysi bir ayol (mo\u2019min) eriga ozor berganda, u kishining hur jufti (bu ayolga): \u201cAlloh sening joningni olsin, u kishiga ozor, aziyat berma. Chunki shubhasiz, u sening yoningda mehmon \u2013 musofirdir, sendan ayrilib, tezda yonimizga keladi\u201d, deydi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Islomda ayol va bolalarni o\u2019ldirish man etilgan. Qur\u2019oni karimda shunday marhamat qilinadi: \u201c<\/strong>(Ey insonlar), bolalaringizni qashshoqlikdan qo\u2018rqib o\u2018ldirmangiz, ularga ham, sizlarga ham Biz rizq berurmiz. Ularni o\u2018ldirish, shubhasiz, katta xatodir\u201d <\/strong>(\u201cAl-Isro\u201d, 31-oyat) [1:249]. \u201cO\u2018z bolalarini ilmsizlik qilib, johilona o\u2018ldirgan va Allohga tuhmat qilib, ular uchun Alloh rizq qilib bergan (hayvonlar)ni haromga chiqarganlar, albatta, (o\u2018zlariga) ziyon qildilar. (Ular) haqiqatdan adashdilar va to\u2018g\u2018ri yo\u2018lga yuruvchi bo\u2018lmadilar\u201d (\u201cAn\u2019om\u201d, 140-oyat) [1:120].<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Islom huquqida, hatto, urush vaqtida ayol va bolalarni o\u2019ldirish taqiqlangan. Hazrat Payg\u2019ambar (s.a.v.): \u201cKimki ikkita qizni voyaga yetguncha boqsa, jannatga men bilan birga kiradi\u201d, deb o\u2018rta va ishora barmoqlarini yonma-yon qilib ko\u2019rsatdilar\u201d [8].<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ayollarning ilm olishi. Ayol va erkak musulmonlarga ilm o\u2019rganish farzdir. Qur\u2019oni karimda faqatgina ayollarning o\u2018ziga xos, fitratiga muvofiq kelgan va Alloh taoloning xitoblaridan tashqari (masalan, avratini to\u2019sish, bola emizish, idda muddati, taloq to\u2018g\u2018risida va hokazo) qolgan barcha oyatlar Yaratuvchining bashariyatga, erkag-u ayolga qilgan buyruqlaridir. Ilm haqidagi chaqiriqlar ham shular jumlasidandir. Islomda imondan keyingi farzlardan biri ilm olishdir (\u201cfarz\u201d bajarilishi shart degan ma\u2019noni ham anglatadi). Zero, Jabroil (a.s.)ning Payg\u2019ambarimiz (s.a.v.)ga yetkazgan birinchi kalomi ham \u201cO\u2018qi!\u201d bo\u2019lgan. Alloh taolo bandasini tafakkur qilib, borliqqa qarab, tahlil bilan O\u2018zini tanishini xohlaydi. Ko\u2018r-ko\u2018rona, taqlidiy imon keltirishni xush ko\u2018rmaydi. Payg\u2019ambarimiz (s.a.v.) \u201cIlmni Chinda bo\u2018lsa ham borib, o\u2018rganinglar\u201d, deganlar. Vaholanki, o\u2019sha paytda Chin (Xitoy) butlar va butparastlar o\u2018lkasi bo\u2018lgan. Lekin ular bunday deyishga qo\u2018rqmadilar. Chunki borliqda Allohning qudratini namoyon etib turuvchi son-sanoqsiz dalillarni tafakkur qilgan inson Uning vahdoniyatiga imon keltirgach, Rabbiga shirk keltirmaydi, aksincha, Haq talabida bo\u2019ladi. Hozirda musulmonlar orasida ilm deganda, faqat diniy ilmlar tushuniladi. Bu xato tushunchadir. Islomda diniy, dunyoviy, degan gaplar bo\u2018lmagan. Ilm sohalarga bo\u2019lingan, xolos: fiqh, hadis, faroiz, tib, handasa, tarix, falakiyot ilmlari va hokazo. Musulmonlar Qur\u2019on va sunnatga amal qilgan vaqtlarida ularning orasida ilmning barcha sohalarida dunyoga tanilgan allomalar yetishib chiqqan. Bunga vatandoshlarimiz Al-Xorazmiy, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Mirzo Ulug\u2018bek, Zamaxshariy va boshqa ko\u2019plab olimlar nomini misol keltirish mumkin.<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Ayollarning haqlari. Hazrat Payg\u2019ambar (s.a.v.) aytganlar: \u201cAyollarning erkaklar zimmasidagi haqqi yaxshi taom va kiyim berishlaridir\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Alloh taolo Qur\u2019oni karimda shunday marhamat qiladi: \u201cRabbingiz Uning O\u2018zigagina ibodat qilishlaringizni hamda ota-onaga yaxshilik qilishni amr etdi. (Ey, inson) agar ularning biri yoki har ikkisi huzuringda keksalik yoshiga yetsalar, ularga \u201cUf…\u201d dema va ularni jerkima! Ularga (doimo) yoqimli so\u2018z ayt!\u201d (Isro surasi, 23-oyat) [1:248]. Qur\u2019on karimda marhamat qilingani kabi hazrati Payg\u2019ambarimiz (s.a.v.): \u201cEng ko\u2019p kimga yaxshilik ko\u2019rsatish kerak?, deb so\u2019ragan bir sahobiyga \u201cOnangga\u201d, deya uch bor takrorlaganlaridan so\u2019ng, \u201cOtangga\u201d, dedilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Islomda ona yoki ayol haqqiga e\u2019tibor shu qadarki, ona mushrik bo\u2019lsa-da, bu haqqini yo\u2019qotmagan bo\u2019ladi. Faqat ota-ona farzandiga yo er xotiniga Islomdan tashqari, ya\u2019ni Islomga zid amr va talqinda bo\u2019lsa, u holda ularga itoat qilinmaydi. Allohga isyon qiluvchilarga itoat qilinmaydi. Bu hadisda ochiq aytilgan: \u201cAllohga isyon etgan kimsaga itoat etish yo\u2019qdir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ushbu qisqa tahlil natijasida islomda ayollar huquqlarining himoya qilingani ayon bo\u2018ldi. Har bir inson bu huquqlar haqida ma\u2019lumotga ega bo\u2018lishi lozim. O\u2018zini musulmon deb hisoblovchi, lekin ayol kishiga yomon munosabatda bo\u2018luvchi kishi Payg\u2018ambar Muhammad sollallohu alayhi vasallamning quyidagi so\u2018zlarini yodga olsin: \u201cAyol kishini faqat yaxshi xulq egasigina hurmat qiladi va faqat pastkash odamgina tahqirlaydi!\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          Alouddin Mansur. Qur\u02bconi karimning o\u2018zbekcha izohli tarjimasi. \u2013 T.: Cho\u02bblpon, 1992.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          Badr, Gamal M. (Winter, 1984). Islamic Criminal Justice \/\/ The American Journal of Comparative Law 32 (1).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u0416e\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043ba\u043c. O\u043a\u0441\u0444o\u0440\u0434. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Qaraldi: 22-may 2014-yil.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        4. \n
          \u041fa\u043do\u0432a \u0412. \u0424., \u0412a\u0445\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0411. \u0411. \u041f\u0440o\u0440o\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0445a\u043c\u043ce\u0434. ISBN 5-222-00145-8.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        5. \n
          ahlisunna.uz https:\/\/ahlisunna.uz\/nikoh-haqida-qirq-hadis\/ (Abu Dovud va Nasoiy rivoyat qilgan)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        6. \n
          Ahlisunna.uz https:\/\/ahlisunna.uz\/nikoh-haqida-qirq-hadis\/ (Bayhaqiy rivoyat qilgan)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        7. \n
          Ahlisunna.uz https:\/\/ahlisunna.uz\/nikoh-haqida-qirq-hadis\/ (Tobaroniy rivoyat qilgan)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        8. \n
          https:\/\/forum.ziyouz.com\/index.php?topic=1874.270 (Anas (r.a.) rivoyati)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        9. \n
          https:\/\/sammuslim.uz\/oz\/ (Imom Termiziy rivoyat qilgan)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        10. \n
          https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feminizm<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          Pulotjon Q\u0410XOROV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
          SamDU Urgut fili\u0430li o\u2018qituvchisi, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Har qanday davlat va jamiyat taraqqiyoti bir qator omillar asosida yuz beradi. Bu jarayonda ayollar, ularning ijtimoiy-siyosiy munosabatlardagi ishtiroki, huquq va erkinliklari amalda ta\u2019minlangani masalasi \u2013 davlat rivoji va demokratiyaning muhim indeksi sanaladi. Zotan, ayol va uning jamiyat hayotidagi o\u2018rni hamisha muhim mezon bo\u2018lib kelgan. Har qanday ijtimoiy tuzilma asosida ayollarning reproduktiv imkoniyati bilan birga, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nISLOMD\u0410 ERK\u0410K V\u0410 \u0410YOL TENGLIGI G\u2018OY\u0410SINING GNOSEOLOGIK T\u0410LQINI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ISLOMD\u0410 ERK\u0410K V\u0410 \u0410YOL TENGLIGI G\u2018OY\u0410SINING GNOSEOLOGIK T\u0410LQINI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37646&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ISLOMD\u0410 ERK\u0410K V\u0410 \u0410YOL TENGLIGI G\u2018OY\u0410SINING GNOSEOLOGIK T\u0410LQINI - 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