{"id":37510,"date":"2024-09-13T08:28:07","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T03:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=37510"},"modified":"2024-09-12T18:29:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T13:29:18","slug":"oilaviy-munosabatlar-madaniyatining-rivojlanish-tarixi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37510&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"OILAVIY MUNOSABATLAR MADANIYATINING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oilaviy munosabatlar \u2013 bu ijtimoiy taraqqiyotning uzluksiz jarayoni hisoblanadi. Bu jarayon jamiyatning rivojlanish bosqichlaridagi ma\u02bcnaviy-axloqiy, diniy-madaniy rivojlanish darajasi bilan bog\u02bbliq holda kechgan. Ko\u02bbpgina tadqiqotchilar fikriga ko\u02bbra, oila \u2013 madaniy meros, axloqiy norma va an\u02bcanalarni tashuvchi umuminsoniy qadriyatning nodir ijtimoiy birligidir. Hozirgi sharoitda oilaning nafaqat shaxs ma\u02bcnaviy madaniyati rivojlanishida, balki jamiyat rivojida ham ahamiyati ortib bormoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oilaviy munosabatlar madaniyatini rivojlanishiga olib kelgan ikki tamoyilni ko\u02bbrsatish lozim: birinchisi, odamlar yashash uchun birlashib, moddiy ne\u02bcmat ishlab chiqarish ehtiyoji; ikkinchisi, nasl qoldirish yo\u02bbli bilan hayotni davom ettirishga intilish. Bu ikkala tamoyil inson ma\u02bcnaviyatini takomillashtirishni taqozo etgan va ijtimoiy hayot tajribasi orqali hayotga tatbiq etilgan. Bu jarayonlarda hal qiluvchi asosiy omil ijtimoiy birlik bo\u02bblib, shu asosda moddiy ne\u02bcmat yaratish takomillashtirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oila munosabatlari ijtimoiy birlik tizimida nisbatan mustaqil hodisa hisoblangan. Shu bilan birga, jamiyat tarixiy taraqqiyotida ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy, ma\u02bcnaviy va axloqiy omillar tobora muhim ahamiyat kasb etib borgan. Oila va jamiyat har doim bir-biri bilan bog\u02bbliq holda rivojlangan. Shu bois, oila qurishning biologik sabablari bir xil, ammo ijtimoiy mohiyati, shakllari tez takomillashib, o\u02bbzgarib turgan. Nikoh barcha davrlarda ham haqiqiy oilaning takomillashuvi va rivojlanishiga ma\u02bcnaviy, huquqiy asos bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan. Nikoh yangi qurilayotgan oilani davlat, jamiyat tomonidan rasmiy ravishda tan olinishidir. Shu sababli ham nikohni qayd etish davlat organlarining vazifalaridan biri bo\u02bblgan, uning me\u02bcyor va maqsadlari qonunlar bilan belgilangan. Barcha diniy ta\u02bclimotlarda nikohning shakli va maqsadlari masalasiga befarq qaralmagan. Nikohning bekor qilinishi esa, davlat tomonidan qayd etilgan, uning axloqiy, huquqiy me\u02bcyorlari belgilab qo\u02bbyilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom manbalarida oila qurish, uning mazmun-mohiyati, oila munosabatlari madaniyatiga oid ko\u02bbrsatma va talablar o\u02bbz ifodasini topgan. Nikoh \u2013 arabcha so\u02bbz bo\u02bblib, qo\u02bbshilish degan ma\u02bcnoni anglatadi [3:19]. Bu faqat jismoniy juftlashish emas, balki ma\u02bcnaviy mushtaraklashishdir. U ijtimoiy hodisa bo\u02bblgani uchun guvohlar ishtirokida amalga oshiriladi. Burhoniddin Marg\u02bbinoniy yozishicha: \u201cBilginki, nikoh bobida guvohlik shartdir\u201d, chunki Rasululloh (s.a.v.): \u201cGuvohlarsiz nikoh nikoh emas\u201d, deganlar [1:647-648].<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom dini targ\u02bbib qilgan oila madaniyati johiliya davrida hukm surgan oilaviy munosabatlardan tubdan farq qiladi. Johiliya davrida ayollarning oiladagi huquqlari poymol qilingan holda erkak xohlaganicha xotin olish (15-20 ta, undan ham ko\u02bbp) huquqiga ega bo\u02bblgan. Islom manbalarida esa bu masala muayyan darajada tartibga solindi. Islomga asoslanib quriladigan oilalar yangicha mazmun va shakl kasb eta boshladi. Qariyb 1,5 ming yil davomida islomga e\u02bctiqod qiluvchi xalqlar islomiy nikoh asosida oila quradi va shu davr ichida oila munosabatlari madaniyati shakllanib, mazmuni boyib bordi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oila xususidagi qarashlar Qur\u02bconi karim, hadislar, shariat ahkomlarida o\u02bbzining yorqin ifodasini topgan. Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cNiso\u201d, \u201cTaloq\u201d va boshqa suralari oila qurishga bag\u02bbishlangan. Jumladan, Alloh taolo \u201cNiso\u201d surasida oila qurish qat\u02bciy nikoh asosida bo\u02bblishini ta\u02bckidlab, shunday marhamat qiladi: \u201cEy, imon keltirganlar! Sizlarga xotinlarni majburiy ravishda meros qilib olish halol emasdir [2:80]. Yana nikohning mashru\u02bc bo\u02bblishi haqida \u201cNur\u201d surasining 32-oyati [2:354] \u201cNiso\u201d surasining 3 [2:77], 24 [2:82], 127 [2:98] \u2013 oyatlarida ham eslatilgan. Ularda shar\u02bciy nikohning aqidaviy talab va qoidalari, boshqa oyatlarda esa nikoh man etilgan ayollar, [2:81] opa-singillarning bir nikohda jamlanmasligi [2:81] va boshqa jihatlar o\u02bbz ifodasini topgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomda oilaviy munosabatlarda er-xotin burchlari haqidagi ko\u02bbrsatmalar \u201cHidoya\u201dning \u201cNikoh va taloq kitobi\u201dda o\u02bbz ifodasini topgan. Jumladan, \u201cHidoya\u201dda oila va nikoh masalasida adolatning asosiy mezonlari sifatida insof va diyonat, haromdan hazar qilish, poklik kabi ezgu tushunchalar inobatga olingan. \u201cHidoya\u201dda oila va nikoh masalasida muhim ahamiyatga ega hukmlardan biri ayolning nikoh to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida bilishi, unda qanday haq-huquqlari mavjudligi haqida ma\u02bclumotga ega bo\u02bblishi edi. \u201cNikohning asl mohiyati haqida ilm bo\u02bblishi, erkak va ayolning ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy, ma\u02bcnaviy va axloqiy jihatdan mumkin qadar bir-biriga teng bo\u02bblishi muhim shartlardan, deb qaraladi. Jumladan, nikohda tenglik xususida shunday deyiladi: \u201cOgoh bo\u02bblinglarki, ayollarni faqat o\u02bbzlariga teng bo\u02bblgan kishilargagina bersinlar\u201d [1:675].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikoh oila tayanchi, nasl-nasabi va pokligini saqlovchi, oilada sog\u02bblom muhitni paydo qiluvchi, inson odob-axloqini ushlab turuvchi muqaddas tushunchadir. Shuning uchun Qur\u02bconi karimda unga katta ahamiyat berilgan. Nikoh har bir musulmon erkak va ayol uchun oila qurishda qo\u02bbllanadigan zaruriy shar\u02bciy amal hisoblanadi. Hatto oila qurishga moddiy imkoniyati bo\u02bblmagan kishilarni ham oilali qilib qo\u02bbyishga da\u02bcvat etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masalan, Alloh taolo Qur\u02bconi karimning Nur surasi 32-oyatida shunday marhamat qiladi: \u201cSizlarning orangizdagi tul (erkak va ayol) larni hamda qul va cho\u02bbrilaringizdan yaroqlilarini uylantiringiz! Agar (ular) kambag\u02bbal bo\u02bblsalar, Alloh ularni o\u02bbz fazli bilan boyitur. Alloh (fazlu karami) keng va dono zotdir\u201d [2:77].<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamiyat tayanchi bo\u02bblgan oila munosabatlari madaniyatining shakllanishi va rivojlanish bosqichlarini tadqiq etishda diniy (islomiy) omilni ham hisobga olish zarur. Hozirgi kunda yosh avlodni tarbiyalashda nafaqat ota-ona, balki jamoatchilik fikri, mahalla-ko\u02bby ta\u02bcsiri ham katta ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Oilada yangi inson shakllanadi, ma\u02bcnaviy, jismoniy kamolga yetadi. Shuning uchun ham istiqlol davrining eng muhim vazifalaridan biri \u2013 mustahkam oilani yaratishdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom dini keng tarqalgan O\u02bbzbekistonda tarixan o\u02bbzbek oilasining rivojlanish bosqichlari islomiy ta\u02bclimotlar ta\u02bcsirida o\u02bbtgan. Milliy va islomiy qadriyatlar asosida oilada bir tomondan, ota-onalar bilan bolalar o\u02bbrtasida mehr-oqibat, hurmat-izzat shakllangan, ikkinchi tomondan, ota-onalar ham o\u02bbz farzandlarini yetuk inson qilib tarbiyalashga e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Yaxshi tarbiya ko\u02bbrgan bola ota-onaga ham katta hurmat olib keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qur\u02bconi karim va hadislarda oila, nikoh va farzand tarbiyasiga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratiladi. Jumladan, Alloh taolo O\u02bbzining muqaddas kitobida: \u201cAlloh sizlar uchun o\u02bbzlaringizdan juftlar yaratib, juftlaringizdan sizlar uchun o\u02bbg\u02bbillar va nabiralar paydo qildi va sizlarni pok narsalardan rizqlantiradi\u201d [2:354] deb marhamat qiladi. O\u02bbzbek oilasida qadimdan ta\u02bclim-tarbiya an\u02bcanasiga rioya qilingan. Islomda oiladagi tarbiyada farzandlar sog\u02bblom bo\u02bblib o\u02bbsishi hisobga olinadi, odamlarning moli, joni va obro\u02bbyiga putur yetkazadigan narsalar harom deb hukm qilinadi. Yoshlarni halol mehnatga o\u02bbrgatish, ularning halol bilan haromni ajratishi va jamiyatda o\u02bbz o\u02bbrnini topa olishi uchun Qur\u02bconi karim va hadislarda kelgan ko\u02bbrsatmalarga amal qilinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ota-onaning o\u02bbz bolalariga g\u02bbamxo\u02bbrlik qilishi, o\u02bbzbek xalqi an\u02bcanalarida katta o\u02bbrin olgan. Bunday oilalarda o\u02bbsgan bolalar ma\u02bcnaviyatida mehnatsevarlik, ota-ona va aka-ukalariga nisbatan mehribonlik fazilati shakllanadi. Oila munosabatlari madaniyatining islom ta\u02bclimoti asosida shakllantirish Qur\u02bconi karimning qator oyatlari, hadislar va shariat ahkomlarida o\u02bbz ifodasini topgan. Ushbu ko\u02bbrsatmalarga rioya qilgan musulmonlar islom ma\u02bcnaviyatiga ega bo\u02bblgan. Bular ota-onaga yaxshilik qilish, qarindoshlar bilan muntazam aloqada bo\u02bblish va ularning xursandchilik yoki musibat marosimlarida ishtirok etish, do\u02bbstlar va qo\u02bbshnilar bilan yaxshi munosabat o\u02bbrnatish, salomlashish va alik olish, begona xonadonga kirishdan avval izn so\u02bbrash, kelgan odamga yonidan joy berish, shirin muomala qilish, harom va yomonlikdan saqlanish, bir-biriga yaxshilikni o\u02bbrgatish, imonli, e\u02bctiqodli bo\u02bblish, musibatga sabr qilish, rostgo\u02bby va halol kishilarni hurmat qilish, xato qilgan kishilarni kechirish kabi fazilatlardir. O\u02bbzbek xalqi mentalitetiga xos bunday xususiyatlar nafaqat islomiy qadriyatlar, balki milliylikni ham qamrab olgan holda ma\u02bcnaviyatni boyitishga xizmat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Burhoniddin Marg\u02bbinoniy. Hidoya. \u2013T.: Adolat, 2001. T.1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Qur\u02bconi karim ma\u02bcnolari tarjimasi va tafsiri. Abdulaziz Mansur. \u2013T.: Toshkent islom universiteti, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Otaxo\u02bbjayev F. Nikoh va uning huquqiy tartibga solinishi. \u2013 T.: Adolat, 1995.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u00a0Mahmudali DEHQONOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    ToshDTU kafedra dotsenti<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Oilaviy munosabatlar \u2013 bu ijtimoiy taraqqiyotning uzluksiz jarayoni hisoblanadi. Bu jarayon jamiyatning rivojlanish bosqichlaridagi ma\u02bcnaviy-axloqiy, diniy-madaniy rivojlanish darajasi bilan bog\u02bbliq holda kechgan. Ko\u02bbpgina tadqiqotchilar fikriga ko\u02bbra, oila \u2013 madaniy meros, axloqiy norma va an\u02bcanalarni tashuvchi umuminsoniy qadriyatning nodir ijtimoiy birligidir. Hozirgi sharoitda oilaning nafaqat shaxs ma\u02bcnaviy madaniyati rivojlanishida, balki jamiyat rivojida ham ahamiyati ortib bormoqda. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nOILAVIY MUNOSABATLAR MADANIYATINING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"OILAVIY MUNOSABATLAR MADANIYATINING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37510&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OILAVIY MUNOSABATLAR MADANIYATINING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"OILAVIY MUNOSABATLAR MADANIYATINING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37510&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-13T03:28:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-12T13:29:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oilaviy120924.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"397\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37510&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37510&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"OILAVIY MUNOSABATLAR MADANIYATINING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI - 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