{"id":37330,"date":"2024-09-04T11:36:48","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T06:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=37330"},"modified":"2024-09-04T11:37:28","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T06:37:28","slug":"abdurahmon-ibn-xaldunning-tarixi-ibn-xaldun-asari-tadqiqotchilar-nigohida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37330&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ABDURAHMON IBN XALDUNNING \u201cTARIXI IBN XALDUN\u201d ASARI TADQIQOTCHILAR NIGOHIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tarix insoniyatning ilk davrlaridan bugungi kungacha davom etadigan uzoq jarayonni qamrab oladi. Mifologik davr rivoyatlarga asoslangan tarix bayoni bilan boshlanib, antik davrda tarixshunoslik shaklida davom etgan bu jarayon Ibn Xaldun (vaf. 1406) faoliyati natijasida ilmiy-falsafiy faoliyat sifatida o\u2018ziga xos intellektual sohaga aylandi. Ibn Xaldun tarix ilmi va falsafasiga oid fikrlarini, xususan, dunyo tarixiga oid qarashlarini \u201cKitobul ibar\u201d deb nomlangan asarining \u201cKirish\u201d qismiga kiritgan. Ibn Xaldunning bu asari tarixiy tafakkur nuqtayi nazariga asoslangan. U shu mazmunda o\u2018z davriga qadar mavjud bo\u2018lmagan usul (umron) ilmini kiritdi va uni konseptual va uslubiy jihatdan asoslab berdi. Olim tarix, inson, jamiyat va undagi jarayon va institutlarni falsafiy usul, ya\u2019ni yaxlit yondashuv bilan tadqiq qildi. Tadqiqotchilar uni tarixning birinchi faylasufi, tafakkur tarixida ilk sotsiolog sifatida tan olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdurahmon ibn Xaldun nafaqat musulmon olamida, balki butun insoniyat tarixida eng muhim va ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan shaxslardan biridir. Ibn Xaldun haqida xorijda juda ko\u02bbplab ilmiy tadqiqotlar olib borilgan. Tadqiqotchilar olimlar hayoti va faoliyati borasidagi ilmiy tadqiqotlarida uning \u201cMuqaddima\u201d va \u201cAt-Ta\u2019rif\u201d asarlariga tayanadi. \u201cMuqaddima\u201d asarini ingliz tiliga tarjima qilgan olim Allen James Fromerz shunday deydi: \u201cMavjud tarjimayi hollargina Ibn Xaldunning hayoti va ijodi, uning bosib o\u02bbtgan yo\u02bbli haqida ma\u2019lumot bera oladi\u201d [1]. Ya\u2019ni bundan anglashiladiki, u haqdagi tadqiqotlarni yanada ko\u02bbpaytirish kerak va ular barcha tillarda olib borilishi kerak. Chunki Ibn Xaldun ijodi juda boy va insoniyatga uning ijodini ko\u02bbproq yetkazib berish kerak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Xaldun shuhrat qozongan davrda islom olamida juda mashhur insonlar yashab, ijod qilgan. Shamsiddin Isfahoniy (vaf. 1289), Shamsiddin Samarqandiy (vaf. 1310), Shamsiddin Buxoriy (amir Sulton) (vaf. 1430), ustozi buyuk mantiq olimi Qutbuddin Roziy, Taftazoniy (vaf. 1390), Sayyid Sharif Jurjoniy (vaf. 1413) o\u2018sha davrning yetakchi ilohiyotchilaridandir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shubhasiz, \u201cAt-Ta\u02bcrif\u201d zamonaviy islomgacha bo\u02bblgan adabiyotdagi eng batafsil avtobiografiyalardan biri bo\u02bblib, Fromerz ta\u02bckidlaganidek, Ibn Xaldun haqida bebaho ma\u02bclumot beradi. Bu tadqiqotlar uchun asosiy manba hisoblanadi. Biroq olimlar faqat shu asar bilangina cheklanib qolmasligi kerak. Xaldun bilan bir davrda yashagan olimlar asarlarini tadqiq qilish orqali uning hayoti haqidagi ma\u2019lumotlarni yanada boyitish zarur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Xaldun Tunisda Abu Abdulloh ibn Ibrohim al-Abili (1282-1356) qo\u02bblida 3 yil falsafa ilmini o\u02bbrgangan [2]. Al-Abili uning o\u02bbsishi va yuksak tarbiya egasi bo\u02bblishiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Ibn Xaldun bir qator nufuzli ustozlar qo\u2018lida Qur\u2019onni o\u2018rgangan va yod olgan. Shu bilan birga, u hadislar, she\u2019rlar yod olishni xush ko\u02bbrgan. Shuningdek, u X asrda yashab o\u02bbtgan arab yozuvchisi Abul Faraj Isfahoniyning katta hajmli \u201cKitob al-ag\u2018oniy\u201d asarini to\u02bbla yod olgani haqidagi ma\u2019lumotlar manbalarda qayd etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir ustozi Ibn Abdulloh al-Jayyoniy olimga imom Molikning fiqh ilmiga oid \u201cKitob al-Muvatto\u201d kitobidan ta\u2019lim bergan. Tunisning mashhur qozisi Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Abdus-Salom esa yosh Ibn Xaldun bilan qiziqib qoladi va shaxsan unga qonunlarni Molikiylik mazhabida qanday qo\u02bbllash kerak ekanini ko\u02bbrsatib beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uning juda ko\u02bbp ustoz va yaqinlari, xususan, ota-onasi ham vabodan vafot etadi. Bunday katta yo\u02bbqotish, albatta, Ibn Xaldunning qattiq tushkunlikka tushishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Lekin ko\u02bbp o\u02bbtmay u o\u02bbzini qo\u02bblga olib, ilmga sho\u02bbng\u2018ish orqali g\u2018am-tashvishni yengishga harakat qildi. U boshqa ustozlardan ta\u2019lim olishni to\u02bbxtatmadi. Uning eng yaqin do\u02bbsti va ustozi, Granada vaziri lavozimida ishlagan tarixchi Ibn Al-Xatib va andalusiyalik so\u02bbfiy ustozi Mahdi Iso az-Zayyatdan turli ilmlar, ayniqsa, tasavvuf ilmidan saboq oldi. Ibn Xaldun olgan eng muhim saboqlaridan biri ilm va uning chegarasi edi [3]. Bu uning o\u02bbzi yozgan asarlarida ham namoyon bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Xaldun hayoti va uning asarlarini o\u02bbrganish xorijiy davlatlarda ancha oldin boshlangan. Amerikalik olim Volter J.Fischel Ibn Xaldun hayoti va ijodiga qiziqa boshlagan. U dastlab 1952-yilda Ibn Xaldun va Amir Temurning 1401-yilda Damashq shahridagi uchrashuvi haqida \u201cIbn Khaldun and Tamerlane: their historic meeting in Damascus, 1401 AD\u201d (\u201cIbn Xaldun va Amir Temur\u201d) nomli kitob yozgan [4]. U bu kitobni Ibn Xaldunning \u201cAt-Ta\u2019rif\u201d asari asosida yozadi. Shuningdek, 1967-yilda \u201cIbn Khaldun in Egypt\u201d (\u201cIbn Xaldun Misrda\u201d) nomli asar yozgan. Bu kitob islom tarixi, olimning jamiyatdagi o\u02bbrni va tarixiy izlanishlari haqida batafsil hikoya qiladi [5].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir olim Shmidt Nataniel 1930-yilda Ibn Xaldun hayoti va ijodi haqida \u201cIbn Khaldun: historian, sociologist and philosopher\u201d nomli kitob yozgan. Ushbu asar 1967-yilda Nyu-Yorkda qayta nashr etilgan [6]. Mazkur kitobda Ibn Xaldunning tarixchi, faylasuf va sotsiolog sifatidagi qirralari ochib berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Xaldun hayoti va uning asarlarini o\u02bbrganish xorijiy davlatlarda ancha oldin boshlangan va asosan uning \u201cMuqaddima\u201d kitobi turli tillarga tarjima qilinib, ko\u02bbplab tadqiqot olib borilgan. Dastlab, professor Frans Rozental Xaldunning \u201cMuqaddima\u201d asarinining 3 jildlik izohli tarjimasini chop etishga muvaffaq bo\u02bblgan [7].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turk olimi Umut Hassan ham \u201cIbn Xaldun uslubi va siyosiy nazariyasi\u201d asarida\u00a0 olimning davlat va jamiyat haqidagi g\u02bboyalarini yoritgan. U o\u2018z tadqiqotida professor Frans Rozentalning asarlaridan foydalangan va shu asosida bir nechta xulosalar bergan. Shuningdek, Ibn Xaldunning \u201cMuqaddima\u201d kitobida yuzaga keladigan yondashuv va muammolarni o\u2018rganib, olimning o\u2018ziga xosligini himoya qiluvchi Rozental fikrlarini o\u2018z asari muqaddimasida yetkazadi:\u00a0 \u201cF.Rozental Ibn Xaldunni asl tadqiqotchi sifatida ko\u2018radi. Olimning ijtimoiy hodisalarga realistik qarashi empirik va kuzatish usullari orqali amalga oshirilgan. F.Rozental Ibn Xaldun o\u02bbz ta\u02bclimotida islom ilmlari bilan birga dunyoviy fanlarni ham o\u2018rganib, davlat boshqaruvining umumiy tamoyillarini ochib beradigan darajaga yetganini va aslida islom tamoyillarini o\u02bbz nazariyasining umumiy doirasiga joylashtirganini ta\u02bckidlaydi. Empirik yondashuv va mushohadalarga asoslanib, \u201cMuqaddima\u201dni \u201csivilizatsiya yig\u2018indisi\u201d deb ta’riflaydi. Bunday fikrga ega bo\u2018lganiga qaramay, Ibn Xaldunning an\u2019anaviy ta\u2019lim olgani uning voqealarga real yondashishiga to\u2018sqinlik qilmadi\u201d [8].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Xaldunning aqliy bilimlari haqidagi yana bir fikr Muhsin Mahdiyga tegishlidir. U Ibn Xaldunning tarix falsafasiga to\u02bbxtalib, \u201cIbn Xaldun yondashuvining individual maqsadi va falsafiy ildizlarini aniqlash\u201d deb nomlangan asari muqaddimasida olimning Ibn Rushd ta\u2019sirida mutafakkir bo\u2018lganini bayon qiladi. Ibn Xaldun shariatni ham, falsafani ham xavf ostida ko\u2018rganini va ikkalasini ham qutqarishni maqsad qilganini bildirgan. Mahdiy fikriga ko\u2018ra, Ibn Xaldun tarixning jamiyat va siyosat bilan aloqasini sezgan va falsafa tamoyillariga asoslangan ijtimoiy fanlar bu masalaga e\u2019tibor qaratishi zarurligini bildirgan. Mahdiyning fikricha, Ibn Xaldun yunon falsafasi izdoshidir [9].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir marokashlik olim Muhammad Obid al-Jabriy Ibn Xaldun asarlarini va aynan \u201cMuqaddima\u201d kitobini boshqa muqaddimalardan ajratib, bu farqni quyidagicha izohlaydi: \u201c… Boshqalar, odatda, mavjud fan istiqbolini mustahkamlash uchun yozilgan. Ibn Xaldunning \u201cMuqaddima\u201dsi yangi ilm-fanni yaratish uchun yozilgan\u201d [10]. Chunki Jabriyning \u201cYangi ilm yaratish uchun yozilgan\u201d degan so\u2018zlari Ibn Xaldunning Ibn Rushd orqali aristotelchi mutafakkir bo\u2018lganini anglatmaydi. Aksincha, Jabriyning bu so\u2018zlaridan faqat Ibn Xaldun asl mutafakkir degan xulosaga kelish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

2002-yilda Dortmut kollejida Ibn Xaldun haqida bakalavr dissertatsiyasini yozgan olim Allen James Fromherz 2010-yilda Xaldun hayoti va ijodi haqida \u201cIbn Khaldun, life and times\u201d asarini yozadi [11]. Bu asarda muallif Xaldun hayoti xronologiyasini tuzib chiqqan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir muhim manba \u201cThe Maghrib in the Mashriq\u201d to\u02bbplamiga kiritilgan Takao Itoning \u201cWriting the biography of Ibn Khaldun\u201d nomli maqolasi bo\u02bblib, unda muallif\u00a0 Ibn Xaldun hayotini o\u02bbrganishda olim asarlaridan foydalanadi. Shu bilan birga, o\u02bbz davrigacha yaratilgan tarjimayi hol va u bilan zamondosh bo\u02bblgan Ibn Xatib asarlaridan foydalangan holda olimning avtobiografiyasini yozishga harakat qilgan [12].<\/span><\/p>\n

Lourensning \u201cIbn Khaldun and islamic ideology\u201d nomli asarida ham O\u02bbrta Sharq va islom ilmlari, sotsiologiya va antropologiya, ijtimoiy ilmlar, din va jamiyat borasidagi fikr-mulohazalar bildirilib, olimning o\u02bbz davri ilm-faniga ta\u2019siri haqida atroflicha ma\u2019lumot berilgan [13].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xaldun ijodini o\u02bbrgangan yana bir olim Vaseem el-Rayes \u201cThe book of allusions: a new translation of the title to Ibn Khaldun\u2019s Kitab al-Ibar\u201d [14] nomli maqolasida Ibn Xaldunning yozish uslubi va ta\u2019limoti mazmunini ochib berishga harakat qilgan. Maqola \u201cKitob al-Ibar\u201dning umumiy tuzilishi va asosiy mazmuni haqida ma\u2019lumot berishdan boshlanadi. So\u02bbngra ularning sarlavhada qanday mahorat bilan tasvirlanganini ko\u02bbrsatib beradi. Olim bu haqda bahs yuritar ekan, yozuv uslubiga e\u2019tibor berish Ibn Xaldun ta\u2019limotining teranligini ochib berish uchun zarur bo\u2018lgan muhim vositasidir degan fikrni bildiradi. Ushbu yangi tarjima va tahlil shuni ko\u02bbrsatadiki, \u201cKitob al-Ibar\u201d tarixga nisbatan teran nigoh bilan qarashga intilgan. Shu bilan birga, Ibn Xaldun o\u02bbzigacha yozilgan siyosat tarixiga oid asarlarga tanqidiy ko\u2018z bilan qarab, bildirilgan fikrlarga qarshi chiqishga harakat qilgan. U o\u2018z asarida har bir so\u2018zini dalillar asosida ifodalashga intilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yurtimizdagi olimlar ko\u02bbproq Xaldunni sotsiolog sifatida tadqiq qilgan. Sababi, uning \u201cMuqaddima\u201d asarida ijtimoiy hayot, insonning shaxs bo\u02bblib yetishish kamoloti va axloqiy masalalar juda keng yoritilgan. Ushbu asar juda ko\u02bbp tillarga tarjima qilingan. Shu kunga qadar o\u02bbzbek tilida Ibn Xaldun haqida nisbatan kam sonli tadqiqot ishlari olib borilgan. Ulardan biri Jasur Sulaymonov bo\u2018lib, u \u201cIbn Xaldun ijtimoiy-falsafiy konsepsiyasi axloqiy-aksiologik asoslarning germenevtik tadqiqi\u201d mavzusidagi dissertatsiyani yoqlagan. Tadqiqot \u201cMuqaddima\u201d asari asosida yozilgan. Ibn Xaldun jamiyat haqida fundamental fikrlarini davom ettiradi. Mutafakkir fikricha, taassub jamiyat hayotining asosi, ya\u2019ni poydevoridir. \u201cTaassub\u201d, \u201casabiyya\u201d atamalari arab tilidan kelib chiqqan. \u201cTaassub\u201d so\u2018zi, \u201ctaassaba\u201d fe\u2019lining masdar shaklidan bo\u2018lib, tarjimasi \u201cvatan, millatga bo\u2018lgan otashin muhabbat, fanatizm\u201d demakdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytish mumkinki, Abdurahmon ibn Xaldun asarlari, uning tarjimayi holi ko\u2018plab xorijiy izlanuvchilarning asosiy tadqiqot obyekti va predmeti bo\u2018lib kelgan. Lekin yurtimizda olim ilmiy merosi nisbatan kam tadqiq qilingan. Ayniqsa, uning \u201cTarixi ibn Xaldun\u201d asarini keng tadqiq qilinishi lozim. Sababi, bu asarda nafaqat islom tarixi, balki butun insoniyat tarixi yoritilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Allen James Fromherz. Ibn Khaldun, life and times. \u2013 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2010. \u2013 P.39.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Nassif Nassar. Le Maitre d\u2019Ibn Khaldun: Al-Abili. \u2013 Paris: Stadia Islamica journal, Brill, 1964. N.20. \u2013 P.103-114.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Ibn Xaldun. At-Tarif Ibn Xaldun. \u2013 Livan: Dorul-kitab, 1979. \u2013 B.20<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Volter J.Fischel. Ibn Khaldun and Tamerlane: their historic meeting in Damascus, 1401 AD. \u2013 California: University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1967. \u2013 P.151.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Volter J.Fischel. Ibn Khaldun in Egypt. \u2013 California: University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1967. \u2013 P.324.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Schmidt Nathaniel. Ibn Khaldun: historian, sociologist and philodopher. \u2013 New York: AMS Press, 1967. \u2013 P.67.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Frans Rozental. The Muqaddimah. \u2013 New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1958. \u2013 P.681.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    Umit Hassan. Ibn Haldun metodu ve Siyaset Teorisi. \u2013 Istanbul: Dogu Bati Yatinlari, 2010. \u2013 B.234.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    Muhsin Mahdi. Ibn Khaldun\u2019s philosophy of history. \u2013 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. \u2013 P.325.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  10. \n
    Muhammed Abid al- Jabri. Felsef\u00ee Miras\u0131m\u0131z ve Biz. \u2013 Istanbul, 2000. \u2013 S.308.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  11. \n
    Allen James Fromherz. Ibn Khaldun, life and times. \u2013 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2010. \u2013 P.191.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  12. \n
    Takao Ito. Writing the biography of Ibn Khaldun. \u2013 Berlin: \u201cThe Maghrib in the Mashriq\u201d Knowledge, travel and identify. Volume 40, CPI books GmbH, Leck, 2021. \u2013 P.513-535.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  13. \n
    Lavrence. Ibn Khaldun and Islamic ideology. \u2013 Brill, 1984. \u2013P. 136.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  14. \n
    Vaseem el-Rayes. The book of allusions: a new translation of the title to ibn Khaldun\u2019s Kitab al-Ibar \/\/ Religious studies and theology journal, Equinox Publishing Ltd. \u2013 Sheffield (England), 2013. \u2013 P.163-184.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Maxzuna SOBIROVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    O\u2018zXIA tayanch doktoranti<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tarix insoniyatning ilk davrlaridan bugungi kungacha davom etadigan uzoq jarayonni qamrab oladi. Mifologik davr rivoyatlarga asoslangan tarix bayoni bilan boshlanib, antik davrda tarixshunoslik shaklida davom etgan bu jarayon Ibn Xaldun (vaf. 1406) faoliyati natijasida ilmiy-falsafiy faoliyat sifatida o\u2018ziga xos intellektual sohaga aylandi. Ibn Xaldun tarix ilmi va falsafasiga oid fikrlarini, xususan, dunyo tarixiga oid qarashlarini …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37331,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nABDURAHMON IBN XALDUNNING \u201cTARIXI IBN XALDUN\u201d ASARI TADQIQOTCHILAR NIGOHIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ABDURAHMON IBN XALDUNNING \u201cTARIXI IBN XALDUN\u201d ASARI TADQIQOTCHILAR NIGOHIDA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37330&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABDURAHMON IBN XALDUNNING \u201cTARIXI IBN XALDUN\u201d ASARI TADQIQOTCHILAR NIGOHIDA - 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