{"id":37007,"date":"2024-08-15T09:08:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T04:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=37007"},"modified":"2024-08-15T10:10:50","modified_gmt":"2024-08-15T05:10:50","slug":"xix-asr-ikkinchi-yarmi-xx-asr-boshlarida-kaspiyorti-viloyatidagi-afgon-muhojirlari-tarixi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37007&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"XIX ASR IKKINCHI YARMI \u2013 XX ASR BOSHLARIDA KASPIYORTI VILOYATIDAGI AFG\u2018ON MUHOJIRLARI TARIXI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tarixiy tadqiqotlarda davrlashtirish masalasi muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ya\u2019ni tadqiqot jarayonini osonlashtirib, muammo yuzasidan aniq xulosalar olish jarayoniga ko\u2018maklashadi. Shu bois, o\u2018rganilayotgan masala yuzasidan aniq davrlashtirish jarayonini ishlab chiqish talab etiladi. Davrlashtirish masalasida formatsion shakl, sinfiylik tamoyili, mafkuraviy yondashish ilmiylikka salbiy ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatishi mumkin. Bugungi kunda evolyutsion-tadrijiylik davrlashtirish jarayonida eng muhim masala hisoblanadi. Davrlashtirish masalasiga evolyutsion jihatdan yondashish voqealar ketma-ketligini hamda izchillikni ta\u2019minlab beradi. Turkiston general-gubernatorligida istiqomat qilgan afg\u2018on fuqarolarining faoliyatini davrlashtirish tarixiy tadqiqotlarda o\u2018z ifodasini topmagan. Ularning Turkistonga kirib kelishi, sabablari har bir davrda o\u2018ziga xos ahamiyat kasb etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rossiya imperiyasining faol istilochilik siyosati oqibatida Turkiston zamini harbiy ustunlik natijasida egallangach, general-gubernatorlik vositasida faol tashqi siyosat yuritildi. Mazkur jarayonda o\u2018lka xalqlarining qo\u2018shni davlatlar, birinchi navbatda, Afg\u2018oniston bilan mavjud tarixiy aloqalaridan ustunlik bilan foydalanildi. Mazkur jarayonlarga oid ma\u2019lumotlar O\u2018zbekiston Milliy Arxivida saqlanib qolgan bo\u2018lib, uni o\u2018rganish, tahlil qilish va keng jamoatchilikka yetkazib berish tarix fanidagi dolzarb masalalardan hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, tadqiqotga tegishli mahalliy va xorijiy manbalarni ham tahlil qilish yangi tariximizni yaratishda asqatadi. Tadqiqot jarayonida qiyosiy tahlil, statistik tahlil va tizimlashtirish metodlaridan foydalanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaspiyorti viloyati joylashuv o\u2018rniga ko\u2018ra strategik ahamiyat kasb etib, Rossiya imperiyasi tashqi siyosatida asosiy rol o\u2018ynagan. Shu boisdan, viloyat huquqiy maqomi va uning taqdiri ancha vaqtgacha o\u2018z yechimini topmagan. Misol uchun, viloyat tashkil etilgan vaqtda Kavkaz noibligi tarkibida bo\u2018lib, Tiflisdan turib boshqarilgan. Shundan so\u2018ng, Kaspiyorti viloyatining muhim strategik jihatlari hisobga olinib, 1890-1899- yillar davomida to\u2018g\u2018ridan-to\u2018g\u2018ri Rossiya imperiyasi harbiy vazirligining Osiyo bosh shtabi tarkibiga kiritilgan. 1899-yildan boshlab Turkiston general-gubernatorligi tarkibiga o\u2018tgan [1:97].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xiva xonligi tarkibida bo\u2018lgan turkmanlarning Afg\u2018oniston bilan savdo va iqtisodiy aloqalari qadim tarixga ega. Biroq Rossiya imperiyasi hukumati turkmanlar hududini bo\u2018ysundirgach, bu hududda ham o\u2018z mustamlaka tartiblarini o\u2018rnatib, turkmanlarning afg\u2018on yerlari bilan tarixiy, erkin aloqalariga cheklovlar kirita boshladi. Albatta, bu har ikkala hudud aholisi o\u2018rtasidagi aloqalar zanjiri butkul uzib tashlanganligini anglatmaydi. Siyosiy va harbiy ehtiyojlar, tijorat ishlari, ishsizlik va ichki beqarorlik kabi jihatlar viloyat hududiga afg\u2018on fuqarolarining kirib kelishi hamda ularning bu erda faoliyat yuritishlarining asosiy omillari bo\u2018ldi. Rossiya imperiyasi hukumati va uning Kaspiyorti viloyatidagi noiblarining diqqat markazidagi asosiy masalalardan biri \u2013 mamlakat orqali Hindistonga chiqish ehtiyojining mavjudligi hamda bu hududlarda ingliz hukmronligiga nuqta qo\u2018yish zarurati edi. Bu masalalar juda ko\u2018p bor muhokama qilinganligi shubhasizdir. Rossiya imperiyasi ma\u2019murlari afg\u2018on hududi shimolidagi o\u2018zbek, turkman, tojik fuqarolaridan ham shu maqsadlar yo\u2018lida foydalanishga e\u2019tibor qaratdi. Afg\u2018on fuqarolarining Turkmanistondagi qismi kelajakda janubiy qo\u2018shni mamlakat markaziy hokimiyati bilan aloqa o\u2018rnatishda vosita vazifasini bajarish ehtimoli viloyat hududi bo\u2018ylab afg\u2018on fuqarolarining erkin tarqalishiga asos bo\u2018ldi.\u00a0 Ushbu masala bir necha bor muhokama qilingandan so\u2018ng asosiy diqqat shimoldagi o\u2018zbek, tojik, turkman va boshqa xalqlar hamda chegaradagi mahalliy afg\u2018onlarga\u00a0 qaratildi [14:2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Imperiya ma\u2019muriyati va Kavkaz noibligi ko\u2018rsatmasi asosida viloyat aholisining etnik tarkibi bo\u2018yicha ham tadqiqotlar o\u2018tkaziladi. Lekin bu tadqiqotlarda afg\u2018on fuqarolari dastlab doimiy yashamaydigan xalq sifatida ko\u2018rsatilmagan. Tadqiqotlar natijasida har bir uyezd va uchastkalar bo\u2018yicha aholi manzilgohlari soni aniqlanadi. E\u2019tiborli jihati shundaki,\u00a0 mazkur davrda Marv uyezdi Taxtabozor uchastkasida yashovchi chet elliklar haqida so\u2018z yuritilib,\u00a0 faqat ikki nafar afg\u2018on fuqarosi haqida fikr bildirilib o\u2018tilgan [3:26]. Bu holat statistik jarayonlar qat\u2019iy shaklda o\u2018tkazilmaganligini anglatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rossiya imperiyasining Afg\u2018oniston bilan chegaralarini o\u2018rnatishi natijasida suv taqsimoti masalasi chigal masala sifatida ko\u2018tarildi. Buyuk Britaniya, Afg\u2018oniston va Rossiya imperiyalari o\u2018rtasida imzolangan 1887-yildagi \u21166 sonli bayonnoma asosida 1893-yilda suv tizimi va inshootlaridan teng foydalanish to\u2018g\u2018risida navbatdagi shartnoma tuzildi. Shu jarayon bilan bog\u2018liq holda Kaspiyorti viloyatida afg\u2018on fuqarolari mavjudligi yoxud viloyat bilan bog\u2018liq aloqalar keltirila boshlandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rossiya imperiyasi ham bu davrda o\u2018zining ustun jihatlaridan foydalanib,1887-yilda afg\u2018on hukumatining rasmiy vakili Mahmudxonga o\u2018z ta\u2019sirini o\u2018tkazdi va Kushka, Saripul (Chapgul), Xoja Jirg\u2018a, Childuxtaron manzilgohlarida sug\u2018orish vositalarini nazorat qilish bo\u2018yicha ustunlikka erishib oldi. Buyuk Britaniya shundan so\u2018ng afg\u2018on rasmiy hukumatini gij-gijlashga o\u2018tadi. Buning ta\u2019siri natijasida Kaspiyorti viloyatida afg\u2018onlarning targ\u2018ibot-razvedka guruhi yuzaga keladi [9:3]. Hujjatlarda keltirilishicha, ushbu razvedka guruhining maqsadi Murg\u2018ob suvlarining bir qismini afg\u2018onlarning Chorsanam uchastkasiga burish edi. Ingliz hukumati ham afg\u2018onlarga ko\u2018mak berish maqsadida o\u2018zlarining ikki nafar muhandislarini Murg\u2018obga jo\u2018natgan. Afg\u2018onlar tilida so\u2018zlasha oluvchi bu muhandislarni Kushka va Marvda afg\u2018on ayg\u2018oqchisi Tojmamed kuzatib borganligi ma\u2019lumotlarda qayd etilgan [9:2-varaq orqasi]. Hujjatlarda faqat Tojmamedning nomi qayd etilsa-da, bu yerda\u00a0 turli maqsadlarda faoliyat yuritgan ko\u2018plab afg\u2018on fuqarolari istiqomat qilgan. Ularning faoliyati natijasida afg\u2018on hukumati Rossiya imperiyasining afg\u2018on yerlariga nisbatan munosabatini o\u2018rganib borgan. Xuddi shunday afg\u2018on fuqarolaridan Kushka hududlarida G\u2018ulom Ali, Emirek, Said A\u2019zam, Murtaza, Olloberdilar, Childuxtaronda Yormamedxon, Keram, Ramazan, Seizek, Usseyn, Marv vohasida xazoriylar urug\u2018idan bo\u2018lgan sobiq mahbus Qurbonlarning nomi imperiya davri ma\u2019lumotlarida tilga olib o\u2018tilgan [10:3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur shaxslarning ayg\u2018oqchiligi tasdiqlanib, aniq dalillar bilan isbotlanmagan bo\u2018lsa-da, Rossiya imperiyasi vakillari ulardan shubhaga tushganlar. Chunki imperiya ma\u2019murlarining ham mahalliy aholi o\u2018rtasida o\u2018z josuslari bo\u2018lib, ular viloyat amaldorlarini yetarlicha ma\u2019lumotlar bilan ta\u2019minlab turgan. Rossiya imperiyasi harbiy vazirligi Osiyo bosh shtabi tarkibi davridagi viloyat afg\u2018onlarining faoliyatlari asosan avvalgi davrlarda shakllangan savdo aloqalaridagi vositachilik shaklida ko\u2018zga tashlanadi. Masalaga doir ma\u2019lumotlar hujjatlarda asosan 1892-yildan boshlab keltirila boshlangan. Afg\u2018onlar tarixiga oid ma\u2019lumotlarda keltirilishicha, bu davrda ularga tranzit savdo orqali ko\u2018plab xitoy va hind choylari keltirilgan [11:3-varaq orqasi]. Shuningdek, boshqa turdagi mahsulotlar ham keltirilgan bo\u2018lib, buni keyingi davrlar ma\u2019lumotlari ham tasdiqlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur davrda Rossiya imperiyasining afg\u2018on yurtiga eksporti miqdorining oshirilishiga e\u2019tibor kuchaytiriladi [4:293]. Bularning barchasi bojxona postlarining to\u2018lov qaydnomalaridan olingan bo\u2018lib, ma\u2019lumot sifatida harbiy gubernatorlar hisobotlariga kiritilgan.1894-yilga kelib, viloyat harbiy gubernatorlari o\u2018z hisobotlarini tayyorlashda qo\u2018shimcha ma\u2019lumotlardan ham foydalana boshlaganlar. Gubernatorlarning oldingi hisobotlari uchun asosiy vosita keltirilayotgan va chiqarilayotgan tovarlar raqamiga oid chegara postlari qaydnomasi deb ko\u2018rsatilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u2019lumotlarda ko\u2018rsatilishicha, 1894-yilda afg\u2018on savdogarlari tomonidan\u00a0 5 320 480 rubllik mahsulot keltirilgan bo\u2018lib [5:166], bu ko\u2018rsatgich 1893-yilga nisbatan deyarli 1 mln rublga ko\u2018pligi aytib o\u2018tilgan. Hisobot davrida 126 934 pud choy import qilingan bo\u2018lib, uning qiymati 2 616 117 rublni tashkil qilganligi aytiladi [5:168]. Afg\u2018onistonning o\u2018zidan Taxtabozor orqali 179 454 rubllik tovar keltirilgan. Lekin bu 1893-yilgi ma\u2019lumotlarga nisbatan 10 132 rublga kamaygan. Kaspiyorti viloyatiga 1893-yilda 10 turdagi 189 586 rubllik tovar keltirilgan bo\u2018lsa, 1894-yilda 179 454 rubllik 10 turdagi mahsulot keltirilgan. Shuningdek, Rossiya imperiyasining afg\u2018onlarga eksport mahsulotlaridan 14 turdagi, 29 080 pudlik, 1 815 857 rubllik tovar Hirotga\u00a0 jo\u2018natilgan [5:186].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagi ma\u2019lumotlardan ko\u2018rinib turibdiki, Rossiya imperiyasining Afg\u2018oniston bilan munosabatlarida eksport hajmi importga nisbatan oshgan.1895-yilga kelib Afg\u2018oniston bilan savdo aloqalari viloyatning 16 ta punktlari orqali olib borilgan. Bu XIX asr 80-yillariga nisbatan savdo va chegara punktlari 5 taga ko\u2018payganini anglatadi. Shulardan Marv, Iolaton, Pend va Taxtabozor savdo punktlari afg\u2018onlar bilan savdo aloqalarida eng gavjum maskanlar hisoblangan [6:157]. Ma\u2019lumotlarda keltirilishicha, Eron va Afg\u2018oniston bilan savdo aloqalari o\u2018ta muhim bo\u2018lib, ulardan quyidagi jihatlar alohida ajralib turadi. 1. Qozoqlar va turkman jangchilari qo\u2018riqlaydigan chegara quruqlik yo\u2018llari. 2. Afg\u2018onlarda Osiyo va Evropa tovarlariga ehtiyoj. 3. Uzunada punkti orqali Eron va afg\u2018on tovarlarini Kavkaz va Rossiyaga eksport qilish. 4. Kaspiyortining tranzit vazifasini o\u2018tashi. 5. Soliqlar miqdorining kamaytirilishi [6:158] va hokazo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Viloyat tarkibida istiqomat qilgan afg\u2018on fuqarolarining Turkiston general-gubernatorligi tarkibidagi davri faoliyatlari\u00a0 Kavkaz noibligi va Harbiy vazirlikning Osiyo shtabi tarkibida bo\u2018lgan davridagi voqeliklaridan o\u2018z mazmun-mohiyati jihati bilan farq qilib, mazkur davrda iqtisodiy munosabatlardan ko\u2018ra siyosiy va harbiy xususiyatlar ustunlik qilganligi bilan ajralib turadi.Rossiya imperiyasi bosqiniga qadar turkman yerlari Xiva xonligi tarkibida bo\u2018lsa-da, amalda bu erlarda tekin qabilasi hukmronligi o\u2018rnatilgan edi. Hududdagi boshqa qabilalar singari afg\u2018onlar ham tekinlarga bo\u2018ysunib yashaganlar [2:8]. XIX asr oxiriga kelib, turkmanlar hududi Rossiya imperiyasi tarkibiga kiritilgach, uning chegaradosh qo\u2018shni mamlakatlar bilan chegaralari aniqlab olindi [7:99]. Mazkur davrda Afg\u2018onistonning Rossiya bilan umumiy chegarasi 2346 km.ni tashkil qilgan [7:100]. Umumiy chegaraning katta qismi Kaspiyorti viloyati hissasiga to\u2018g\u2018ri kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Afg\u2018onlar yashayotgan umumiy hudud va Rossiya imperiyasi o\u2018rtasidagi chegaraviy tortiShuvlar ham Kaspiyorti viloyatida afg\u2018onlarning keng miqyosda faoliyat yuritishlariga bo\u2018lgan asoslardan biri edi. Chunki, afg\u2018onlar davlatlararo tuzilgan shartnomalarni (1885,1887,1893) tan olmasdan, Rossiya imperiyasi chegaralariga bosqinlar uyushtirar va viloyat aholisi o\u2018rtasida turli xil targ\u2018ibotlar yuritar edilar [8:89]. Rossiya chegara qo\u2018shinlari xabariga ko\u2018ra, Kerkida afg\u2018onlarning shu maqsaddagi guruhi faoliyat yuritgan [8:94]. Polkovnik A.V.Muxanovning bildirishicha, viloyatda faoliyat yuritayotgan 12 nafar pushtun qo\u2018lga tushirilgan [8:92]. Targ\u2018ibotchilarning tez qo\u2018lga olinishi rus razvedkasining ham viloyatda keng faoliyat yuritganligidan dalolatdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinchi jahon urushi davrida viloyatdagi afg\u2018onlar asirlikka tushgan tibbiy ma\u2019lumotga ega bo\u2018lgan harbiy asirlarni og\u2018dirish uchun harakatni kuchaytirgan. Amir Habibullaxonning o\u2018z armiyasini kuchaytirishga intilishi [7:104], ularni moddiy ta\u2019minotidan tashqari tibbiy jihatdan ham ta\u2019minlash uchun harakat qilishi viloyatdagi afg\u2018onlarning faoliyatini kuchaytirdi. Shu vaqtgacha ingliz tibbiy xizmatidan [12:15-19] foydalanayotgan afg\u2018onlar uchun bu qimmatga tushayotgan edi. Hujjatlarda harbiy asirlar ichidan doktor va sanitarlarni izlab topib, ularga katta maosh va afg\u2018on yurtiga qochib ketishni tashkillashtirgan Shirafg\u2018on Ayatxanov haqida ma\u2019lumotlar keltirilgan. U Tekin bozori atrofida yashab, Shu masalalar bilan shug\u2018ullangan [13:15-varaq orqasi]. Hujjatlarda keltirilishicha, Avstriya fuqarosi bo\u2018lgan Shirafg\u2018on Rossiya imperiyasi foydasi uchun ham ishlagan. U o\u2018zining faoliyatini mushtumzo\u2018rlardan himoyalash maqsadida afg\u2018onlar faoliyati bo\u2018yicha imperiya amaldorlariga ma\u2019lumot etkazib turgan. Uning faoliyati natijasida harbiy asirlar afg\u2018on hududiga qochib o\u2018tganlar. Shu tariqa, viloyatdagi afg\u2018onlarning siyosiy faoliyati 1917-yilgacha davom etdi [13:15].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur hududiy tuzilma Afg\u2018oniston bilan chegaradoshligi nuqtayi nazaridan alohida ahamiyat kasb etgan. Buni 1890-1899-yillar davomida Harbiy vazirlik nazoratida bo\u2018lganligidan ham sezish mumkin. Qolaversa, Afg\u2018oniston bilan Rossiya imperiyasi o\u2018rtasidagi shartnomalar Afg\u2018oniston manfaatlariga zid kelganligi uchun ham viloyatda yashayotgan afg\u2018onlarning noroziligi kelib chiqdi va ular viloyatda hamda unga qo\u2018shni hududlarda Rossiya imperiyasiga qarshi siyosat yurita boshladilar. Afg\u2018on muhojirlari va Turkiston xalqlari ikki yirik imperiyaning siyosati doirasida faoliyat yuritishga majbur bo\u2018lishi salbiy oqibatlarni keltirib chiqarib, ikki qardosh xalq o\u2018rtasiga muayyan darajada nizo urug\u2018ini sochdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan<\/strong> adabiyotlar<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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  1. \n
    \u0410\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0418.\u0418. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0435 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 (1881-1917). \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430. \u21164(137) \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c. 2018. \u2013 \u0421.137.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u0410\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0418.\u0418. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438.\u041c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442. 2018.-\u0421.8.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 1891 \u0433. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430 3\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0410\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434.1893 \u0433. \u2013 \u0421. \u2013 26. 1-\u0436\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043b.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 1893 \u0433. \u201c\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u201d. \u041a.\u041c.\u0421\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430.1895 \u0433.-293 c.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 1894 \u0433. \u0410\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0434 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u041a.\u041c.\u0421\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 1896 \u0433. – \u0421. 165.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 1895 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u0410\u0441\u0445\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. 1896 \u0433. \u2013 \u0421.157.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0421.\u0411.\u041e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 (1900-1918). \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u21166,2017. -\u0421.99.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0421.\u0411. \u201c\u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u201d \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u21162, 2016. \u2013 \u0421.89.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    O\u2018z MA Fond I-2, ro\u2018yxat-1, ish -327, v.2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  10. \n
    O\u2018z MA Fond I -2, ro\u2018yxat-1, ish -327, v.3.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  11. \n
    O\u2018z MA Fond I -2, ro\u2018yxat-1, ish -327, 3 varaq orqasi.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  12. \n
    O\u2018z MA Fond I -2, ro\u2018yxat-1, ish -247, v. 15,19.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  13. \n
    O\u2018z MA Fond I -461, ro\u2018yxat-1, ish -1867, v.15.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    O\u2018tkir MATTIYEV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    Toshkent Kimyo xalqaro universiteti Samarqand filiali o\u2018qituvchisi, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tarixiy tadqiqotlarda davrlashtirish masalasi muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ya\u2019ni tadqiqot jarayonini osonlashtirib, muammo yuzasidan aniq xulosalar olish jarayoniga ko\u2018maklashadi. Shu bois, o\u2018rganilayotgan masala yuzasidan aniq davrlashtirish jarayonini ishlab chiqish talab etiladi. Davrlashtirish masalasida formatsion shakl, sinfiylik tamoyili, mafkuraviy yondashish ilmiylikka salbiy ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatishi mumkin. Bugungi kunda evolyutsion-tadrijiylik davrlashtirish jarayonida eng muhim masala hisoblanadi. Davrlashtirish masalasiga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nXIX ASR IKKINCHI YARMI \u2013 XX ASR BOSHLARIDA KASPIYORTI VILOYATIDAGI AFG\u2018ON MUHOJIRLARI TARIXI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"XIX ASR IKKINCHI YARMI \u2013 XX ASR BOSHLARIDA KASPIYORTI VILOYATIDAGI AFG\u2018ON MUHOJIRLARI TARIXI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=37007&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"XIX ASR IKKINCHI YARMI \u2013 XX ASR BOSHLARIDA KASPIYORTI VILOYATIDAGI AFG\u2018ON MUHOJIRLARI TARIXI - 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