{"id":36653,"date":"2024-07-29T10:16:24","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T05:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=36653"},"modified":"2024-07-29T15:42:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T10:42:00","slug":"rossiya-imperiyasining-turkistondagi-diniy-siyosati-sirdaryo-viloyati-shaharlari-misolida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36653&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ROSSIYA IMPERIYASINING TURKISTONDAGI DINIY SIYOSATI (Sirdaryo viloyati shaharlari misolida)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rossiya imperiyasi Turkiston o\u02bblkasini bosib olgach, rus ma\u02bcmuriy-boshqaruv tizimini tashkil etdi. Turkiston xalqlari ming yillar davomida amal qilib kelgan islomiy an\u02bcanalarga kuchli tazyiq va bosim o\u02bbtkazdi. Shuningdek, ko\u02bbchirilgan rusiyzabon aholining ijtimoiy muammolarini hal qilish borasida esa barcha chora-tadbirlarni ko\u02bbrdi. Dastlab Toshkent, Turkiston, Avliyoota,\u00a0 Chimkent, Kazalinsk, Perovsk shaharlarida turli binolar (pochta idoralari, telegraf, harbiy gubernatorlar binosi, zobit (ofitser)lar uyi, istirohat bog\u02bblari (park), uy-joylar, harbiy kazarma) bilan birga cherkov binolari ham qurildi. Rusiyzabon aholini ijtimoiy-ruhiy qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlash maqsadida dastlab ibodat va cherkov uylari, keyinchalik cherkovlar qurila boshlandi. Ko\u02bbchirib keltirilgan aholi asosan xristian dinining pravoslav oqimidagilar bo\u02bblib, nemis-mennonet, molokan, starover, baptist, protestant, katolik, arrian, xlist kabi oz sonli diniy konfessiya vakillari ham mavjud edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sirdaryo viloyati boshqa hududlarga qaraganda ko\u02bbchib kelgan aholi soni va etnik tarkibi xilma-xilligi bilan ajralib turar edi. Masalan, viloyatda birgina Turkistonning birinchi general-gubernatori K.P.Kaufman boshqaruvi davrida (1867-1882 yy.) Avliyootada 5 ta, Toshkent uyezdida bitta mennonitlar posyolkasi mavjud edi. Uezd markazlarida har bir din vakillarining ibodat qilish (sinagoga, ibodat uyi) joylari mavjud edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sirdaryo viloyati uyezd markazlarida XIX asr ikkinchi yarmidan boshlab ko\u02bbchib kelgan rusiyzabon aholi diniy ehtiyojlarini qondirish maqsadida dastlabki ibodat uylari qurila boshlandi. Cherkovlar qurilishi uch xil manbadan \u2013 davlat, zemstvo va xususiy mablag\u02bblar hisobidan moliyalashtirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sirdaryo viloyatiga rusiyzabon aholi ma\u02bcnaviy ehtiyojlarini qondirish maqsadida Perovsk uyezdi markazi Perovsk shahrida 1855-yilda dastlabki cherkovni qurish boshlangan edi. Keyinchalik, 1866-yilda Avliyoota shahrida dastlabki cherkov qad rostlagan. Dastlab ibodat uyi qurilib, diniy marosimlar shu binoda ado etilgan. Biroq keyinchalik cherkov binosi Rossiya imperiyasi markaziy guberniyalaridagi cherkov loyihasi asosida pishgan g\u02bbishtdan qad ko\u02bbtarib, uning tomi metall qoplama bilan qoplangan. Unda temir panjarali darvoza, ikki tomondan kiriladigan eshiklar, oynavand, yorug\u02bblik tushadigan panjarali derazalar mavjud edi. Cherkov polli va mahobatli bo\u02bblishiga e\u02bctibor qaratilgan [7]. 1917-yilga qadar viloyat uyezdlarining deyarli barchasida cherkov va ibodat uylari\u00a0 mavjud bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perovsk (Oqmachit qal\u02bcasi) shahrida birinchi pravoslav cherkovi 1855-yilda ruhoniy Lev Goroxovskoyga atab quriladi. Keyinchalik, 1906-yilga kelib 3500 rubl sarflangan, sig\u02bbimi 400 nafar ibodat qiluvchiga mos mahobatli cherkov quriladi. Bundan tashqari, shaharda staroobryad, yahudiy, tatar ibodat uylari ham mavjud edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kazalinsk uyezdi markazi Kazalinsk (Qazalli qal\u02bcasi) shahrida 1872-yilda birinchi harbiylar cherkovi qurilishi boshlanib, 1874-yilda qurib bitkaziladi. Cherkov davlat mablag\u02bblari hisobidan pishgan g\u02bbishtdan qurilgan edi. Bundan tashqari, uyezdda staroobryad va yahudiy ibodat uylari mavjud edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sirdaryo viloyatining Turkiston shahrida ruhoniy Nikolay nomidagi birinchi pravoslav cherkovi uncha katta bo\u02bblmagan, xom g\u02bbishtdan qurilgan uyda 1871-yilda tashkil etilgan. Uezd shahrida 1884-yilda 100 nafar rus aholisi ibodat qiladigan yangi cherkov qurilishi boshlanadi va 1886-yilda qurib bitkaziladi. Ushbu cherkov qurilishiga 22000 rubl davlat mablag\u02bblari ishlatiladi. Bundan tashqari, bu shaharda yahudiylar ibodat amallarini bajaradigan 1 ta sinagoga ham mavjud edi [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Avliyoota uyezdi markazi, ya\u02bcni Avliyoota\u00a0 shahrida birinchi pravoslav cherkovi 1866-yilda dastlabki harbiylar kazarmasi yonida tashkil etilgan. Shaharda 1890-yilga kelib davlat mablag\u02bblari asosida poydevori toshdan, devori pishgan g\u02bbishtdan qurilgan, og\u02bbirligi\u00a0 160 puddan iborat 8 ta\u00a0 katta va kichik qo\u02bbng\u02bbiroqlar qo\u02bbyilgan mahobatli cherkov binosi quriladi. 1904-yilga kelib shaharda davlat, xususiy va diniy yeparxiya mablag\u02bblaridan ikkinchi cherkov bunyod etiladi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Chimkent uyezdi markazi Chimkent shahrida 1868-yilda dastlabki kamtarona pravoslav cherkovi bunyod etiladi. 1885-yilga kelib esa, davlat mablag\u02bblari evaziga 250 o\u02bbrinli yangi cherkov binosi quriladi. 1894-yilda Chimkent shahrining rus aholisi uchun uncha katta bo\u02bblmagan, pishgan g\u02bbishtdan qurilgan ikkinchi pravoslav cherkovi bunyod etiladi. Bundan tashqari 1 ta yahudiylar ibodat uyi ham shaharda mavjud edi [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shaharlarda harbiylar ko\u02bbp sonli bo\u02bblib, turli kasbdagi rus fuqarolari bitta cherkovda diniy marosimlarni, ibodat amallarini bajargan. Cherkov ko\u02bbchib kelgan aholi ma\u02bcnaviy ehtiyojlarini qondirishda (bolaga ism qo\u02bbyish, nikoh marosimini o\u02bbtkazish, cho\u02bbqinish, Rojdestvo bayramini o\u02bbtkazish, vafot etganlar bilan vidolashish va hokazo) muhim jamoat binosi hisoblangan. Cherkov va ibodat uylari qurishni yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyish uchun Rossiya imperiyasi hukumati ta\u02bcsis etgan \u201cTurkiston yeparxiyasi\u201d, \u201cMuqaddas Sinodning Turkiston bo\u02bblimi\u201d kabi tashkilotlar faoliyat yuritib, ular hisobiga katta mablag\u02bblar o\u02bbtkazilgan [5]. Cherkovlarni ruhoniy (\u201cMuqaddas ota\u201d), ruhoniy yordamchisi, dyakon, qo\u02bbng\u02bbiroq chaluvchi monax va monashka kabilar bilan ta\u02bcminlashga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Cherkovlar qoshida \u201cprixod\u201d maktablari, erkak va xotin-qizlar bilim yurtlari tashkil etilgan. Ularning ayrimlarida ruhoniylar diniy ilmlardan saboq bergan. Bundan tashqari, ruhoniylar va diniy xizmatchilarga sharoit yaratilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arxiv manbalarida \u201cMuqaddas Sinodning Turkiston bo\u02bblimi\u201d tomonidan Turkiston general-gubernatori nomiga yuborilgan ko\u02bbplab xatlar saqlangan. Ularda ko\u02bbchirilgan rusiyzabon aholi uchun cherkov qurishni yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyish masalasi ko\u02bbtarilgan. Bunday muassasalar ko\u02bbchirilgan aholi ma\u02bcnaviy ehtiyojini qondirishda muhim ekani ta\u02bckidlangan [6]. Shuningdek, rus dehqonlari istiqomat qiladigan qishloq va posyolkalarda cherkov yoki ibodat uylari barpo etishga 1\u20131,5 desyatina yer ajratish, qurilish ishlariga muhandis \u2013 quruvchi va loyihachilarni jalb qilish lozimligi alohida ta\u02bckidlangan [4]. Rossiya imperiyasining yeparxiyalari hisobiga 1910-yilda ajratilgan mablag\u02bblar miqdori bilan tanishish asnosida, Turkiston yeparxiyasiga Tobolskiy yeparxiyasidan so\u02bbng, eng ko\u02bbp mablag\u02bb taqsimlangani ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiston yeparxiyasiga ajratilgan 176 ming 312 rubl mablag\u02bb hisobidan cherkov va ibodat uylari qurilgan. Bu orqali ko\u02bbchirilgan aholi diniy ehtiyojlarini qondirish, ularning o\u02bblkada yanada mustahkam o\u02bbrnashib qolishi maqsad qilingan. Ayniqsa, Sirdaryo viloyatida diniy muassasalar qurishga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilganini manbalar tasdiqlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Diniy muassasalar qoshidagi maktab o\u02bbqituvchilari 1910-1912-yillarda har yilda 1500 rubl maosh, 500 rubl oziq-ovqat puli, kiyim-kechak uchun 250 rubl, shuningdek, 100, 150 rubl miqdorida ijara puli ham olgan. Ruhoniy yordamchisi 750-850 rubl, dyakon 650 rubl maosh olgan [3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa o\u02bbrnida aytish mumkinki, Rossiya imperiyasi Turkiston o\u02bblkasini bosib olgach, mahalliy aholining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy hayotiga faol aralashdi. Ular insoniy haq-huquqlarini cheklagan holda ko\u02bbchirilgan rusiyzabon aholini qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlash uchun ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy sohalarda imkon qadar barcha chora-tadbirlarni ko\u02bbrdi. Imperiya ma\u02bcmuriyati ko\u02bbchib kelgan rusiyzabon aholi ijtimoiy-ma\u02bcnaviy ehtiyojlarini qondirish maqsadida ibodat uylari, cherkovlar qurish siyosatini yuritdi. Lekin iqtisodiy muammolar sabab uyezd markaziy shaharlaridan tashqari\u00a0 barcha hududlarda cherkovlar mavjud emas edi. Cherkov va ibodat uylari qurish ishlari o\u02bblda-jo\u02bblda, o\u02bbz holiga tashlab qo\u02bbyilgan, yangi cherkovlar qurilishida davlat mablag\u02bblarini o\u02bbzlashtirish hollari mavjud edi. Bundan tashqari, mavjud cherkovlar faoliyati to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilmagan va ularning boshqaruvida ham bir qancha muammolar bor edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u041d. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u044b\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u042d\u043b-\u043f\u0430\u0440. \u0422\u0438\u043f. \u041b\u0438\u0442. \u041e.\u0410.\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u2013 \u0422.: 1912. \u2013\u0421.135.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0412.\u0424. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a, \u2013 \u0421\u043f\u0431.: 1914. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u2013 \u0421.79.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0410.\u0414. \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0430\u0447\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041e\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0425I\u0425 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0425\u0425 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434. \u0438\u0441\u0442. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a. \u2013 \u0422.: 2011. \u2013 \u0421.23.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    \u041e \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043ae\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\/\/ \u0420\u0435\u0447\u044c. 1908. \u2013 \u211646.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Ravshanov Sh.R. Rossiya imperiyasining Farg\u02bbona viloyatiga aholini ko\u02bbchirish siyosati va uning oqibatlari (XIX asr ikkinchi yarmi XX asr boshlari) mavzusidagi dissertatsiyasi avtoreferati. \u2013 Buxoro: 2023. \u2013 B.26.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    O\u02bbzbekiston milliy arxivi, I-1-fond, 9-ro\u02bbyxat, 276-yig\u02bbma jild, 21, 22, 23, 24-varaqlar.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    O\u02bbzbekiston milliy arxivi, I-961-fond, 1-ro\u02bbyxat, yig\u02bbma jild, 45,46,47,48-varaqlar.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    ShERZOD RAVSHANOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    Navoiy davlat pedagogika instituti katta o\u02bbqituvchisi, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Rossiya imperiyasi Turkiston o\u02bblkasini bosib olgach, rus ma\u02bcmuriy-boshqaruv tizimini tashkil etdi. Turkiston xalqlari ming yillar davomida amal qilib kelgan islomiy an\u02bcanalarga kuchli tazyiq va bosim o\u02bbtkazdi. Shuningdek, ko\u02bbchirilgan rusiyzabon aholining ijtimoiy muammolarini hal qilish borasida esa barcha chora-tadbirlarni ko\u02bbrdi. Dastlab Toshkent, Turkiston, Avliyoota,\u00a0 Chimkent, Kazalinsk, Perovsk shaharlarida turli binolar (pochta idoralari, telegraf, harbiy gubernatorlar binosi, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nROSSIYA IMPERIYASINING TURKISTONDAGI DINIY SIYOSATI (Sirdaryo viloyati shaharlari misolida) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ROSSIYA IMPERIYASINING TURKISTONDAGI DINIY SIYOSATI (Sirdaryo viloyati shaharlari misolida)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36653&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ROSSIYA IMPERIYASINING TURKISTONDAGI DINIY SIYOSATI (Sirdaryo viloyati shaharlari misolida) - 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