{"id":36358,"date":"2024-07-15T09:15:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-15T04:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=36358"},"modified":"2024-07-12T09:16:48","modified_gmt":"2024-07-12T04:16:48","slug":"hadislardan-hukm-olish-va-hayotga-tatbiq-etish-uchun-zarur-bo%ca%bblgan-bilimlar3-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36358&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR(3-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ma\u02bclumki, hadis ilmi Alloh huzuridagi ilmlarning eng buyugidir. Islomning ilk davrlaridanoq uni o\u02bbrganishga qiziqish kuchli bo\u02bblgan. Bizning yurtimizda ham islom kirib kelishi bilan hadislarga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Hadis ilmidan ta\u02bclim olish va ta\u02bclim berish kuchli rag\u02bbbatlantirilgan. Shu sababli yurtimizdan ko\u02bbplab muhaddis ulamolar yetishib chiqqan. Ammo ular hadislardan hukm chiqarmagan. Hadislardan hukm olish kalom va fiqh ilmi ulamolari e\u02bctiboriga havola qilingan. Chunki mustaqil ravishda ijtihod qilib, hadislardan hukm chiqarish va ularni amaliyotga tatbiq etish, yuqorida ta\u02bckidlab o\u02bbtganimizdek, kishidan bir qancha ilmni talab qiladi. Quyida bu ilmlar ro\u02bbyxatini davom ettiramiz. Kishi hadisdan hukm chiqarish uchun yana quyidagi bilimlarni o\u02bbzlashtirishi zarur:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hadisning aytilish sababi va tarixini bilish. <\/strong>Hadisning aytilish sababi, zohiriy ma\u02bcnosi va maqsadini yaxshi tushunib yetish, undagi hukmning xos yoki umumga oidligini ajratib olish uni to\u02bbg\u02bbri talqin qilish uchun zaruriy omillardan hisoblanadi. Ba\u02bczi hadislarning aytilish sababi va o\u02bbziga xos maqsadi bor. Ayrimlarida muayyan bir shaxs, zamon, makon va shart-sharoitga oid muammolar aytiladi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Hadis sanadining muttasil <\/strong>(uzluksiz) yoki munqati\u02bc <\/strong>(uzilgan) ekanini bilish.<\/strong> Roviylar zanjirida uzilish bo\u02bblgan, sanadi Payg\u02bbambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallamga yetib bormagan hech bir xabar qabul qilinmagan. Silsiladagi barcha roviylar ishonchli ekani aniqlanganda ham bu o\u02bbsha hadisning sahih ekanini bildirmaydi. Sanadning muttasilligi va birorta ham roviy tushib qolmagani ham isbotlanishi lozim. Qaysidir o\u02bbrinda roviyning tushib qolgani aniqlansa, hadis ishonchsiz hisoblanadi. Sanadning uzluksizligiga ishonch hosil qilish uchun hadis eshitganini da\u02bcvo qilgan kishi bilan ko\u02bbrishgan-ko\u02bbrishmaganini aniqlash lozim. Hadis ilmi ulamolari bunday qiyin va nozik ishni yuksak darajada, aniqlik bilan ado etgan. Har bir roviyning ishonchligi va xotirasini tahlil qilish bilan birga, uning ustozlari va talabalarini ham o\u02bbrgangan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Muxtasar aytganda, roviylarni tanqidiy nuqtayi nazardan o\u02bbrganishda muhim sanalgan bunday tekshiruv zanjirning uzluksiz yoki buning aksi ekanini aniqlash bilan bog\u02bbliq. Deylik, roviy hadisni unga havola qilgan kishidan bevosita eshitmagani aniqlansa, bunday xabar \u201cmunqati\u02bc\u201d (uzilgan) sanaladi va ishonchli hisoblanmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Hadisning sahih yo zaifligini bilish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Hadisning maqbul yo mardud ekanini aniqlay olish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Maqbul sahih hadisning ma\u02bcmulun bih yo g\u02bbayri ma\u02bcmulin bih ekanini bilish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Maqbul sahih hadisning muhkam yo mutashobihligini aniqlay olish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Maqbul sahih hadisning xos yo ommaga taalluqli ekanini bilish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    6. Hadisning zohiriy va botiniy ma\u02bcnolarini anglash.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    7. Hadisning musulmonlar uchun dolzarb yo aksincha ekanini bilish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    8. Hadisning aqidaviy, fiqhiy, ijtimoiy ahamiyatini anglab yetish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    9. Hadis asosida chiqarilgan fatvo to\u02bbrtta mashhur mazhabning birortasiga xilof bo\u02bblmasligi.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    10. Yashab turgan joyida urf bo\u02bblgan mazhabga zid fatvo bermaslik.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    11. Hadis asosida chiqarilgan fatvo<\/strong> musulmonlar orasida tushunmovchilik keltirib chiqarib, tafriqaga sabab bo\u02bblmasligi.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    12. Hadis asosida chiqarilgan hukm islom dinining besh maqsadiga \u2013<\/strong> jon, din, nasab, oila, mol-mulk va obro\u02bb himoyasiga muvofiq kelishi.<\/span><\/li>\n
    13. Hukm yo fatvo tashvish keltirmasligi, boshi berk yo\u02bblga kiritib qo\u02bbymasligi. <\/strong>Alloh taolo bu haqda bunday marhamat qilgan:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      (Ey Muhammad!) Biz Sizga bu Qur\u02bconni <\/strong>(din ishida) mashaqqat chekishingiz uchun nozil qilmadik\u201d[1]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Hukm yo fatvodan maqsad musulmonlarni qiynayotgan masala yechimini topib, undan xalos etishga xizmat qilishi.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u201c<\/strong>(Ey Muhammad!) Biz Sizni <\/strong>(butun) olamlarga ayni rahmat qilib yuborganmiz\u201d[2]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Mahalliy ulamolar hadisdan hukm chiqarib, fatvo beruvchi kishining olimligini e\u02bctirof etishi. <\/strong>Diniy masalalar yechimini ummat ulamolari e\u02bctirof etgan taniqli olimlardan olish talabi islomning ilk davrlaridan joriy etilgan bo\u02bblib, hozirgacha amal qilib kelinmoqda. Tarixga nazar solsak, hatto Imom Buxoriydek muhaddislar ham imtihon qilingan. Ammo diniga e\u02bctiborsiz, masala yechimini kimdan olayotganiga ahamiyat bermaydigan ayrim musulmonlar ijtimoiy tarmoqda o\u02bbzi biror marta yuzlashmagan, ulamolar e\u02bctirof etmagan kishilarga suyanib qolayotgani afsuslanarli holatdir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Albatta, hukm va fatvo uchun qo\u02bbyiladigan talablarning hammasini keltirish katta hajmli ish bo\u02bblib, uni yana davom ettirish mumkin. Ammo yuqorida keltirilgan ma\u02bclumotlarning o\u02bbzi ham hadislardan hukm chiqarish va tatbiq etish oson emas ekanini anglab yetishga kifoya qiladi. Bunda nihoyatda ehtiyot bo\u02bblish lozim. Muqaddas dinimizga oid masalalar yechimi, fatvo va hukmlarni ijtimoiy tarmoqlardagi har xil kimsalardan emas, aksincha, xalqimiz hurmatiga sazovor bo\u02bblgan ulamolar, imom-xatiblar va diniy arboblardan olish eng to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bbldir.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Xulosa qilib aytish mumkinki, diniy ilmni egallamasdan Qur\u02bcon va hadisdan bahs qilish joiz emas. Ilmsiz ravishda hadislardan\u00a0 bu halol yo harom, bu kofir yoki gunohkor deb o\u02bbzboshimchalik bilan xulosa chiqarish kichik xatoning katta ofatga aylanib ketishiga olib keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

          [1]<\/a> Toha surasi, 2-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
          [2]<\/a> Anbiyo surasi, 107-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
          Nodir QOBILOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
          Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Ma\u02bclumki, hadis ilmi Alloh huzuridagi ilmlarning eng buyugidir. Islomning ilk davrlaridanoq uni o\u02bbrganishga qiziqish kuchli bo\u02bblgan. Bizning yurtimizda ham islom kirib kelishi bilan hadislarga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Hadis ilmidan ta\u02bclim olish va ta\u02bclim berish kuchli rag\u02bbbatlantirilgan. Shu sababli yurtimizdan ko\u02bbplab muhaddis ulamolar yetishib chiqqan. Ammo ular hadislardan hukm chiqarmagan. Hadislardan hukm olish kalom va fiqh …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR(3-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR(3-qism)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36358&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR(3-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR(3-qism)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36358&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-15T04:15:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-12T04:16:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bukhari_buxoriy2024_19.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36358&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36358&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR(3-qism) - 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