{"id":36341,"date":"2024-07-11T11:33:59","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T06:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=36341"},"modified":"2024-07-11T13:08:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T08:08:46","slug":"sahihul-buxoriyda-savdo-sotiq-va-tijorat-odobi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36341&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201dDA SAVDO-SOTIQ VA TIJORAT ODOBI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Imom Buxoriyning shoh asaridan hayotning barcha jabhalariga doir hadislarni topish mumkin. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning o\u02bbgitlari \u2013 chuqur ma\u02bcnoga ega bo\u02bblgan tavsiya va qaytariqlar faqat halollik va adolat tantanasiga xizmat qiladi. Ularni o\u02bbqish-o\u02bbrganish orqali kishi odobning oddiy, lekin o\u02bbzi bilmagan, aniqrog\u02bbi, bu xususda o\u02bbylab ko\u02bbrmagan qoidalarini bilib oladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xususan, kundalik hayotning ajralmas qismi bo\u02bblgan savdo-sotiq va tijoratda ham nozik jihatlar bo\u02bblarkanki, ulardan bexabar kishi bilmasdan kimningdir dilini og\u02bbritib qo\u02bbyishi, adolatsizlik qilishi, hatto jamiyatga zarar yetkazishi mumkin ekan. Birovning haqqiga tajovuz qilish, albatta, zulm bo\u02bbladi. Lekin gap shundaki, buning zulm ekanini hamma ham vaqtida anglay olmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quyida \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201ddan bir necha durdona rivoyat vositasida yaqqol adolatsizlik bo\u02bblgan, lekin ko\u02bbpchilik e\u02bctibor bermaydigan holat va vaziyatlar ko\u02bbrib chiqiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam savdo mollarini <\/em>(egalari bozorga yetib kelmasidan) to\u02bbsib chiqishdan qaytardilar\u201d[1]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Islom bozorga sotish uchun mol olib kelganlarni u yerga kiritmasdan, qo\u02bblidagini ulgurji sotib olishdan qaytaradi. Bundan ko\u02bbzlangan maqsad molning odamlarga arzon yetib borishini ta\u02bcminlash va keltiruvchining bozordagi narx-navoni bilmay, aldanib qolishiga yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbymaslikdir. Natijada puldorlar molni arzon-garov xarid qilib, keyin odamlarga istagan narxda sotishining oldi olinadi. Axir, olibsotarlar arzon mol ilinjida keltiruvchilarning yo\u02bblini to\u02bbsib, hali bozorga yetib kelmasidan to\u02bbxtatib, bozordagi narx-navoni bilmay turganidan foydalanib, qo\u02bblidagini ulgurji sotib olishga harakat qiladi. Oqibatda mol egasi zarar ko\u02bbradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuning uchun Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam bundan qaytarganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Afsuski, o\u02bbsha davrlardagi bu illat ungacha ham bo\u02bblgan, hozir ham bor. Deylik, kartoshka yetishtirish uchun dehqon bir necha oy vaqt sarflaydi, ter to\u02bbkib mehnat qiladi \u2013 yerga urug\u02bb qadaydi, o\u02bbg\u02bbit beradi, chopiq qiladi, o\u02bbtaydi, sug\u02bboradi, hosilni avaylab yig\u02bbib-terib oladi. Shundan keyin yana mashaqqat bilan bozorga olib boradi. Lekin bozor darvozasiga yetmasidan yo\u02bblini har turli \u201csavdogarlar\u201d to\u02bbsib oladi. Molini yerga uradi, o\u02bbzi xohlaganidek sota olmasligini bot-bot \u201ctushuntiradi\u201d, pirovardida sodda dehqondan tashakkur ham eshitib, arzon-garov sotib oladi va ustiga yana shuncha narx yuklab, rastaga qo\u02bbyadi. Oqibatda dehqon bir necha oylik mehnati uchun bir so\u02bbm daromad olsa, bu \u201ctujjor\u201d shuning barobari yo ortiqrog\u02bbini bir necha soatda topadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu o\u02bbrinda dehqonga nisbatan adolatsizlikdan boshqa muammo ham bor. Hosil egasi uni bir so\u02bbmdan sotishni niyat qilib kelgan bo\u02bblsa, \u201ctujjor\u201d ikki hissa yo ortiqroq narxda sotadi. Bu esa, o\u02bbrtaga bir ochko\u02bbz qo\u02bbshilgani uchun bozorga kelgan hamma xaridorlar molni qimmatroq xarid qilishiga olib keladi. Ya\u02bcni, bir tamagir tufayli butun xalq zarar ko\u02bbradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu vaziyat chuqurroq tahlil qilinsa, olibsotarlarning xatti-harakatlari ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy nuqtayi nazardan davlat, jamiyat va aholi manfaatlariga zid ekani yaqqol ko\u02bbrinadi \u2013 molning qimmatligi xaridorga yoqmaydi, u davlatni ayblaydi, jamoatchilik orasida har turli gap-so\u02bbzlar ko\u02bbpayadi, oqibatda ijtimoiy muhit buziladi. Hammasi \u201ctujjor\u201d o\u02bbz manfaatini ko\u02bbzlab qilgan ishning oqibati.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dehqon bir kishi emasligini, olibsotarlik bilan bittagina odam shug\u02bbullanmasligini inobatga olsak, savdo mollarini to\u02bbsib chiqish <\/em>davlat va jamiyatga, aholiga qanchalar katta zarar yetkazishini tasavvur qilishning o\u02bbzi aqlni shoshiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyingi hadis odil savdo haqida bo\u02bblib, odamlarni ba\u02bczan atay, ba\u02bczan bilmasdan adolatsizlik yo\u02bbliga kirib qolishdan qaytaradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulloh ibn Umar roziyallohu anhumodan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cBiringiz biringizning savdosi ustiga savdo qilmaydi. Savdo moli bozorga tushirilmaguncha uni to\u02bbsib chiqmang\u201d<\/strong>, dedilar\u201d[2]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Bir kishi savdo qilayotgan narsaning narx-navosiga, sotilish jarayoniga, xaridorlarning e\u02bctiboriga xalal bermaslik \u2013 aslida savdo odobining oddiy qoidasi. Lekin hamma zamonlarda bo\u02bblgan haqiqat shuki, kimningdir savdosi qizigani boshqa birovning g\u02bbashini keltiradi, hasadini o\u02bbt oldiradi. O\u02bbshaning daromadli tijoratini to\u02bbxtatish yo unga \u201cyetib olish\u201d uchun ayni shu molni yon-atrofda sota boshlaydi. Shu qilmishi bilan uni raqib sanamaydigan va hatto \u201craqibligi\u201dni bilmaydigan odamdan o\u02bbzib ketishga, unga ziyon yetkazishga urinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Baraka \u2013 Allohdan. Bu haqiqatni bilganlar, g\u02bbayrlik qilmaydi. Lekin kimnidir kasodga uchratish, daromadini kesish, bozordagi o\u02bbrnini egallash uchun uning savdosi ustiga savdo qilishni odat qilganlar bundan bexabar. Shuni uddaburrolik bilib, nohaq yo\u02bblni tutganlar o\u02bbzining chakana foydasi uchun o\u02bbzgalarga ulgurji moddiy va ruhiy zulm yetkazadi, adolatsizlik qiladi, hasadi esa, so\u02bbnish o\u02bbrniga ortib boraveradi va yangi vasvasalarga soladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir hadis ko\u02bbchmas mulk savdosidagi o\u02bbziga xos odob haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jobir ibn Abdulloh roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam taqsimlanmagan har bir mol uchun shuf\u02bcani joriy qildilar. Hududlar tayin qilinib, ko\u02bbchalar belgilangach, shuf\u02bca yo\u02bbqdir\u201d[3]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Shuf\u02bca \u2013 imtiyozli sotib olish huquqi. Ko\u02bbchmas mulkda sherik yo hissador bo\u02bblganlardan biri o\u02bbz ulushini sotadigan bo\u02bblsa, uni sotib olishga eng birinchi haqdor o\u02bbshaning sherigi bo\u02bbladi. Uning ruxsatisiz boshqaga sotish mumkin emas. Sotib yuborgan bo\u02bblsa, sherigi savdoni buzishga haqlidir. Mana shu imtiyoz \u201cshuf\u02bca\u201d deyiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jobir ibn Abdulloh aniq taqsim qilingan, har kimning ulushi tayin bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblgan hollarda shuf\u02bca joriy qilinmasligini aytyapti. Hanafiy mazhabida yon qo\u02bbshniga ham shuf\u02bca imtiyozi beriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu hadis ham savdodagi halollik, ham ijtimoiy hayotda adolat saqlashga xizmat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir qarashda, inson o\u02bbz mulkini sotishda, xususan, ko\u02bbchmas mulkini savdoga qo\u02bbyishda o\u02bbzgalarning xohish-ixtiyoridan xolidek bo\u02bbladi. Aslida esa, sheriklik bor joyda paychining ko\u02bbnglini hisobga olish eng katta odob va adolatdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu o\u02bbrinda bir mulkni sheriklik asosida olganlarni qo\u02bbya turamiz. Aka-uka, opa-singil yo boshqa qarindoshlik munosabatlarida yuzaga keladigan vaziyatlar doim dolzarb masala bo\u02bblgan. Ota vafot etsa, aka-uka hovlini ramziy ravishda teng bo\u02bblib, ulardan biri uni sotishni niyat qilsa, albatta, avval hamqorin bo\u02bblganidan (bir onadan tug\u02bbilgan jigari sanalmish aka-ukasi, opa-singlisidan) so\u02bbrashi adolatdanmi?! Shunday.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qo\u02bbshnining haqlari haqidagi ko\u02bbplab hadislar hamsiyaga ham shuf\u02bca imtiyozini beradi. Farzandlarini uylab, hovlisini kengaytirmoqchi bo\u02bblganlar bor, masalan. Bu niyatdagi odamlar iloji bo\u02bblsa, farzandi devor-darmiyon qo\u02bbshni bo\u02bblishini qanchalar qattiq xohlaydi! Mana shunday vaziyatda uyini sotmoqchi bo\u02bblgan kishi avval ana o\u02bbsha qo\u02bbshnisi bilan maslahatlashishi koni foydadir. Avvalo, uyi begonaga ketmagani uchun ko\u02bbch-ko\u02bbronini shartta olib ketish tashvishidan xoli bo\u02bbladi, butunlay ko\u02bbchib ketganidan keyin ko\u02bbngli tusagan payti kelib, bolalik chog\u02bblarini eslaydi, qo\u02bbshnisiga (xo\u02bbjalik, qurilish, kommunikatsiya, ta\u02bcmir, poliz ishlari va boshqalar bo\u02bbyicha) qayerda nimalar borligini aytib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam taqsimlanmagan har bir mol uchun shuf\u02bcani joriy <\/em>qilyaptilar. Ehtimol, qarindoshlaridan biri qo\u02bbshni uyga ko\u02bbchib o\u02bbtgan-u yangi uy solib, hovlisini kengaytirish uchun joy axtarayotgandir. Yana bir ehtimol, xesh-aqrabosidan biri unga yaqin joydan hovli olishni ko\u02bbzlab yurgandir. Har holda, sotishdan avval ularning oldidan birrov o\u02bbtib qo\u02bbyish odamni mana shu ehtimollar tufayli bezovta bo\u02bblishdan xalos qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyingi hadisni keltirishdan maqsad hozirgi savdo-tijorat munosabatlarida avval qo\u02bbllangan va ma\u02bcqul ko\u02bbrilgan usullardan birini qayd etishdan iborat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulloh ibn Abu Mujolid aytadi:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIbn Abu Avfo roziyallohu anhudan salam savdosi haqida so\u02bbragan edim, \u201cBiz Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam, Abu Bakr va Umar davrlarida bug\u02bbdoy, arpa, mayiz va xurmo bo\u02bbyicha salam savdo qilar edik\u201d, dedi.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Abzodan ham so\u02bbragan edim, u ham shunday dedi\u201d[4]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Baxtariy Toiy aytadi:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIbn Abbos roziyallohu anhumodan xurmoning salam savdosi haqida so\u02bbradim. U: \u201cNabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam to yeyilmaguncha va tortilmaguncha sotishdan qaytarganlar\u201d, dedi\u201d[5]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Salam \u2013 pulni oldindan berib, molni keyinroq olish sharti bilan qilingan savdo. Nasiyaning teskarisi. Mol olinib, to\u02bblovi keyinga qoldirilmaydi-da, pul avvalroq berilib, belgilangan muddat yetganda, tovar olinadi. Bu hozirgi \u201cfyuchers\u201d shartnomasiga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunda bug\u02bbdoydan tashqari, paxta, pilla, neft va gaz singari tovarlar, umuman, xomashyo faqat fyuchers shartnomalari asosida sotilmoqda. Bu \u2013 to\u02bbg\u02bbri. Chunki, marketologiya shuni taqozo qiladi. Xaridor qachon va qancha olishini bila turib, shunga yarasha harakat qilgan olam kuyib qolmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir yili piyoz qimmat bo\u02bblib ketishi, keyin kartoshkaning narxi oshib ketishi hamma dehqonlarni bir tomonga yo\u02bbnaltirib qo\u02bbyadi. Oqibatda ko\u02bbpchilik shu poliz mahsulotini ekadi va tovar haddan tashqari ko\u02bbpayib, narxi tushib ketadi. Bu \u201ckuyish\u201ddan tashqari katta uvolga ham olib keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aksincha, bozorning tendensiyasini bilgan odam shunga qarab ish tutadi. Kerakli ekinni kerakli miqdorda ekadi. Bu o\u02bbrinda bugun fermerlar uyushmasi, savdo-sanoat palatasi kabi tashkilotlarning tuzilishidan ham ana o\u02bbsha maqsadlar \u2013 iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy barqarorlik, to\u02bbkin-sochinlik, inflyatsiya irg\u02bbishlariga yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbymaslik kabilar ko\u02bbzda tutilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchi hadisdagi \u201cyeyilmaguncha\u201d so\u02bbzida iste\u02bcmol qilsa bo\u02bbladigan holga kelgan \u2013 pishib yetilgan xurmo nazarda tutilgan. Ya\u02bcni, meva yeyiladigan darajaga kelgandagina uning savdosi haqida gap ochish mumkin. Chunki, orada qurg\u02bboqchilik, kasal tushishi, havoning keskin o\u02bbzgarishi kabi omillar bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qo\u02bbl bilan ushlab, ta\u02bcmini tatib ko\u02bbrib, savdoga tayyor ekaniga amin bo\u02bblib, shundan keyingina sotilgan meva barakalidir. Yetilmagan hosil uchun pul olib qo\u02bbyib, keyin xaridor bilan uzundan uzoq bahsga kirishib, vaqt va asabni boy berib, ortiqcha xarajatga tushib, sarson bo\u02bblgandan ko\u02bbra, tayyorini yig\u02bbishtirib olib, ta\u02bcmini ko\u02bbrsatib, hajmini hisoblab sotgan ma\u02bcquldir. Bunda ikki tomonda ham e\u02bctirozga o\u02bbrin qolmaydi \u2013 hosil egasi molini bexijolat tavsiya qiladi, xaridor nima olayotganini bilib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, salamning ham o\u02bbziga xos talab va tartiblari bor ekan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Savdoning hozir \u201cfyuchers\u201d deb atalayotgan bu turiga taalluqli shartlarni Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam bundan o\u02bbn to\u02bbrt asr avval aytib ketganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir maqolada hadislarda bayon etilgan oddiy, ammo hamma ham o\u02bbylab ko\u02bbrmaydigan masalalarni butkul qamrab olishning imkoni yo\u02bbq, albatta. Savdo-sotiq va tijoratga oid hadislarning sohalari ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblib, qamrovi juda keng. Shu bois so\u02bbzni muxtasar qilib, barchaga savdo va tijoratda odillik tamoyillariga rioya etishni tilaymiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Barakaning negizi shundadir!<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Oltin silsila. Sahihul Buxoriy, 3-juz. \u2013 Toshkent: Hilol-nashr, 2013. B. – 149.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> Oltin silsila. Sahihul Buxoriy, 3-juz. \u2013 Toshkent: Hilol-nashr, 2013. B. – 157.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a> Oltin silsila. Sahihul Buxoriy, 3-juz. \u2013 Toshkent: Hilol-nashr, 2013. B. – 185.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a> Oltin silsila. Sahihul Buxoriy, 3-juz. \u2013 Toshkent: Hilol-nashr, 2013. B. – 207.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a> Oltin silsila. Sahihul Buxoriy, 3-juz. \u2013 Toshkent: Hilol-nashr, 2013. B. – 209.<\/span><\/div>\n
Anvar BABAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi <\/strong>ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Imom Buxoriyning shoh asaridan hayotning barcha jabhalariga doir hadislarni topish mumkin. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning o\u02bbgitlari \u2013 chuqur ma\u02bcnoga ega bo\u02bblgan tavsiya va qaytariqlar faqat halollik va adolat tantanasiga xizmat qiladi. Ularni o\u02bbqish-o\u02bbrganish orqali kishi odobning oddiy, lekin o\u02bbzi bilmagan, aniqrog\u02bbi, bu xususda o\u02bbylab ko\u02bbrmagan qoidalarini bilib oladi. Xususan, kundalik hayotning ajralmas qismi bo\u02bblgan savdo-sotiq …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201dDA SAVDO-SOTIQ VA TIJORAT ODOBI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201dDA SAVDO-SOTIQ VA TIJORAT ODOBI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36341&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201dDA SAVDO-SOTIQ VA TIJORAT ODOBI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201dDA SAVDO-SOTIQ VA TIJORAT ODOBI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36341&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-11T06:33:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-11T08:08:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/savdo110724.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36341&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36341&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201dDA SAVDO-SOTIQ VA TIJORAT ODOBI - 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