{"id":36316,"date":"2024-07-10T12:34:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T07:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=36316"},"modified":"2024-07-10T12:34:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T07:34:51","slug":"hadislardan-hukm-olish-va-hayotga-tatbiq-etish-uchun-zarur-bo%ca%bblgan-bilimlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36316&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00abHadis\u00bb arab tilida gap \u2013 so\u02bbz ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi. \u00abHadis\u00bb va \u00absunnat\u00bb so\u02bbzlari muhaddislar o\u02bbrtasida deyarli bir ma\u02bcnoda qo\u02bbllanib, payg\u02bbambarimiz Muhammad sollallohu alayhi va sallamning aytgan so\u02bbzlari, pandu-nasihatlari, yo\u02bbl-yo\u02bbriqlari, xulqu-siyratlari, qilgan amallari, iqrorlari, boshqalarning qilgan amallarini man etmasligi va hayot yo\u02bbllari haqidagi xabarlar tushuniladi. Ana shunday xatti-harakatlari yoki ko\u02bbrsatmalari haqidagi rivoyat va naqllar \u00abhadis\u00bb deb yuritiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abHadis\u00bb so\u02bbzining ikkinchi ma\u02bcnosi \u00abyangi\u00bb demakdir. Payg\u02bbambarimiz sollallohu alayhi va sallamning muborak so\u02bbzlarini bu ma\u02bcnoda \u00abhadis\u00bb deb atalishi sababi, u zot tomonidan aytilgan har bir so\u02bbz tom ma\u02bcnoda yangi bo\u02bblib, oldin bunday xabarlar kelmagan. Shuningdek, uni Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlaridan shu tariqa farqlash ko\u02bbzda tutilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhaddislar asosan, hadisni Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan qaysi yo\u02bbllar bilan, kim orqali rivoyat qilinib, o\u02bbzigacha yetib kelganini aniqlaydigan va uni tasnif qiladigan olimlardir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislarda islom dini ahkomlari, ya\u02bcni farz, vojib, sunnat, mustahab, halol, muboh, makruh va harom kabi amallar bayon etiladi. Shuningdek, odob-axloq, ma\u02bcrifat va burchga oid ko\u02bbrsatmalar talqin qilinib, ibodatlarning tartib-qoidalari ko\u02bbrsatiladi va insoniy fazilatlar targ\u02bbib qilinadi, razil sifatlar qattiq qoralanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunda hadislarni o\u02bbqib, \u00abBu hadisda falon narsa yozilibdi. Nima uchun unga amal qilmayapmiz? Nega hayotga tatbiq qilmaymiz? Nima uchun bu bizning mazhabda yo\u02bbq?\u00bb degan fikr bilan qaysidir amalni o\u02bbz hayotiga joriy qilmoqchi bo\u02bblgan dindosh birodarlarimiz ham uchrab turibdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Misol tariqasida namozda ikki qo\u02bblni ko\u02bbtarishni keltirish mumkin. Islom dini 23-yil davomida takomillashib, mukammallik darajasiga yetgan. Namoz farz qilingan vaqtda qiyomda ikki qo\u02bbl yonga tashlab turilgan bo\u02bblsa, keyinroq ko\u02bbkrak yuzasi, so\u02bbng esa kindikdan pastda bog\u02bblagan holda turish joriy qilingan. Ushbu bosqichlar avvalida namoz ruknlari orasida ikki qo\u02bblni ko\u02bbtarish amali ham bo\u02bblgan. Ammo Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam umrining oxirgi yillarida bu amalni tark qilganlari sababli namoz ruknlari orasida ikki qo\u02bblni ko\u02bbtarish ham mansux bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir misol: Payg\u02bbambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallam tahorat qilganlari haqidagi hadislarning ayrimlarida a\u02bczolarni bir martadan, boshqalarida ikki-uch martadan yuvganlari aytilgan. Faqihlar bu rivoyatlarni to\u02bbg\u02bbri deb qabul qilib, bir martadan yuvish farz, uch martadan yuvish sunnat va mukammallik deb hukm chiqargan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagilardan kelib chiqib aytish mumkinki, hadislarning ayrimlari boshqalari hukmini bekor qilsa, ayrimlari boshqalaridagi hukmni quvvatlaydi. Shunga ko\u02bbra, hadislardan hukm olish oddiy ish emasligi ayon bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shayx Abu Muti\u02bc Makhul ibn Fazl Nasafiy aytadi: \u00abAhli sunna val jamoa ulamolari hadislarni qabul qilish va hayotga joriy etish talablari xususida bunday degan: \u00abAlbatta, hadislar juda ko\u02bbp, ammo hammasining darajasi bir xil emas. Farz, sunnat, targ\u02bbib va tafsil bo\u02bblganlari (ya\u02bcni, oyat va voqeliklar izohlangani) bor. Shuningdek, hadislar taxvif (qo\u02bbrqituvchi, ogohlantiruvchi), targ\u02bbib (qiziqtiruvchi) etuvchi, tanbeh beruvchi va chegaralovchi bo\u02bbladi. Ijrosi muboh, ya\u02bcni ixtiyoriy bo\u02bblganlari bor. Ayrimlari Qur\u02bconi karimdagidek muhkam[1]<\/a> (zamirida hukm, buyruq ma\u02bcnosi bo\u02bblgan), mutashobih[2]<\/a> (ma\u02bcnosi turlicha talqin qilinadigan) hamda nosix va mansux bo\u02bbladi. Mo\u02bbmin-musulmonlar uchun nosixiga ergashib, mansuxiga imon keltirish farzdir. Ammo hadislardagi mubohlar, ruxsat berilgan va fazilatli amallarni uzrli bo\u02bblgan holda tark qilishga biz keng yo\u02bbl ochib beramiz. Biroq ularni bajaradigan bo\u02bblsak, savob bo\u02bbladi. Bizga barcha hadislarni amalda qo\u02bbllash shart emas\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Payg\u02bbambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallamning quyidagi so\u02bbzlari ham fikrimiz dalilidir: \u00abSunnat ikki xil bo\u02bbladi. Farz bo\u02bblgan sunnat, uni olish hidoyat, tark etish<\/i> zalolatdir.<\/i> Farz bo\u02bblmagan sunnat, uni olish hidoyat, tark qilish esa zalolat emasdir\u00bb<\/i><\/b>[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aslida, hadisdan mustaqil ravishda hukm olish tushunmovchilik va ixtilof keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Shu sababli bu ish hammaga ham ruxsat etilmagan. Uning bir qancha shart va talablari bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadis ilmi olimlari rivoyatlarni qabul qilish, hukm olib, hayotga tatbiq etishdan oldin uning to\u02bbg\u02bbriligini tekshirish uchun ko\u02bbplab usullarni ishlab chiqqan. \u00abIlmul hadis\u00bbda rivoyat qilingan voqea haqiqatga yaqinmi, naql qilingan narsa tarixiy faktlarga mos keladimi, matnni Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallamga nisbat berish mumkinmi, roviylar sanadida uzilish bo\u02bblmaganmi, kabi savollarga javob topiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadis ilmi asosan ikki qismga bo\u02bblinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Rivoyatul hadis <\/b>Payg\u02bbambarimiz sollallohu alayhi vasallamning so\u02bbzlari, ishlari, tasdiqlari, u zotning axloqi, fazilatlari va boshqa sifatlarini shuningdek, sahobalar va tobeinlarga nisbat berilgan xabarlarning rivoyat qilish va bizgacha yetib kelish yo\u02bbllarini o\u02bbrganadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Diroyatul hadis<\/b> hadis va sunnatni rivoyat qilishda foydalanilgan usul va uslublarni o\u02bbrganadi. \u00abDiroyat\u00bb so\u02bbzi bir narsani tom ma\u02bcnoda tushunib olishni anglatadi. Diroyatul hadis \u00abMustalahul-hadis\u00bb va \u00abUsulul hadis\u00bb deb ham ataladi. Bu ilm roviylarni, hadis matnini o\u02bbrganish bo\u02bbyicha ushbu soha ulamolari tomonidan ishlatish uchun kelishib olingan qoida va usullardan iboratdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Usuli hadis ilmi tizimli bir fan sifatida yuzaga kelmasdan oldin ham muhaddislarga unga tegishli usul va qoidalar ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblgan. Ular o\u02bbsha me\u02bcyor asosida hadis matni va roviylarini o\u02bbrgangan. Keyinroq zamon o\u02bbtishi bilan ummat orasida turli ixtilof yuzaga kelib, zarurat jiddiy tus olgani tufayli hadisshunos olimlar \u00abusuli hadis\u00bb qoidalarini daqiq suratda belgilab, ushbu fanga asos solgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislardan hukm olib, hayotga tatbiq etish uchun yuqorida aytilganlardan tashqari istiloh ilmida keltirilgan yana bir qancha shart borki, ularni faqat diniy soha olimlari va imomlari tushunadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

(davomi bor)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nodir QOBILOV,<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
[1]<\/a> Zamirida hukm, buyruq ma\u02bcnosi bo\u02bblgan hadislar.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> Bir-biriga o\u02bbxshash.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a> \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u200c \u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647 : \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 : \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0646 : \u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0642\u0627\u0644 : \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u200c : \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 : \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u200c \u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u200c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00abHadis\u00bb arab tilida gap \u2013 so\u02bbz ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi. \u00abHadis\u00bb va \u00absunnat\u00bb so\u02bbzlari muhaddislar o\u02bbrtasida deyarli bir ma\u02bcnoda qo\u02bbllanib, payg\u02bbambarimiz Muhammad sollallohu alayhi va sallamning aytgan so\u02bbzlari, pandu-nasihatlari, yo\u02bbl-yo\u02bbriqlari, xulqu-siyratlari, qilgan amallari, iqrorlari, boshqalarning qilgan amallarini man etmasligi va hayot yo\u02bbllari haqidagi xabarlar tushuniladi. Ana shunday xatti-harakatlari yoki ko\u02bbrsatmalari haqidagi rivoyat va naqllar \u00abhadis\u00bb deb yuritiladi. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36316&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HADISLARDAN HUKM OLISH VA HAYOTGA TATBIQ ETISH UCHUN ZARUR BO\u02bbLGAN BILIMLAR - 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