{"id":36044,"date":"2024-06-27T07:13:55","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T02:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=36044"},"modified":"2024-06-27T07:13:55","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T02:13:55","slug":"ilk-o%ca%bbrta-asrlar-o%ca%bbrta-osiyo-tangalaridagi-qadimgi-turkiy-unvonlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36044&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ILK O\u02bbRTA ASRLAR O\u02bbRTA OSIYO TANGALARIDAGI QADIMGI TURKIY UNVONLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Islomdan oldingi O\u02bbrta Osiyo tangalarining sezilarli qismini turkiy atamalar \u2013 hukmdor ismi, unvon va epitetlar o\u02bbrin olgan tangalar tashkil etgan. Ularning katta bir qismi sug\u02bbdiy, qolgan qismi esa baqtriy<\/u>, pahlaviy va qadimgi turk-run<\/u> yozuvida zarb qilingan. Qadimgi turkcha atamalar uchraydigan ushbu tangalar, ayniqsa, ular orasida sug\u02bbdiy yozuv tushirilganlari G\u02bbarbiy Turk xoqonligi (568-740) bilan to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri bog\u02bbliq edi. Ularning ko\u02bbpchiligi xoqonlar tomonidan Choch vohasida zarb qilingan [3: 60-61]. Shuningdek, xoqonlikka u yoki bu darajada aloqador sug\u02bbdiy yozuv tushirilgan tangalar Farg\u02bbona vodiysi, Sug\u02bbd va To\u02bbxoristonda<\/u> ham zarb qilingan. Shu bilan birga, sug\u02bbdiy yozuv tushirilgan O\u02bbrta Osiyo tangalarining katta qismi Choch, Farg\u02bbona, O\u02bbtror, Sug\u02bbd va To\u02bbxoristondagi<\/u> xoqonlikka aloqador turkiy sulolalarga tegishlidir [4: 66-67].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida aytilganidek, islomdan oldingi O\u02bbrta Osiyo tangalarining katta qismi baqtriy<\/u>, pahlaviy va boshqa tillardagi yozuvlar bilan zarb qilingan. Ularning ko\u02bbpchiligi turk xoqonlariga emas, balki u bilan aloqaga ega sulola yoki xoqonlik noiblari tomonidan zarb qilingan. Bu davrda turli yozuvli O\u02bbrta Osiyo tangalarining katta qismida qadimgi turkcha unvonlar o\u02bbrin olgan. Bu, o\u02bbz navbatida, mintaqa va unga qo\u02bbshni hududlarning Turk xoqonligi (552-744) qo\u02bbl ostida bo\u02bblganini bildiradi. Ushbu masalani tahlil qilishdan oldin quyidagi jadvallarda qadimgi turkcha atamalar o\u02bbrin olgan baqtriy<\/u> yozuvi tushirilgan O\u02bbrta Osiyo tangalarini keltirib o\u02bbtamiz:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

1-jadval.\u00a0 <\/strong>Baqtriy<\/u><\/strong> yozuvli qadimgi turk tangalari<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u2116<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Unvonlar nomi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tanga rasmi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Zarb qilingan davri va joyi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nashr qilingan tadqiqot<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Hoqon<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

sri<\/u> bago<\/u> ad\u0113bo bagdaiggo<\/u> kagano<\/u> soi<\/u> bagi<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBuyuk hukmdor, tugal baxt egasi Xoqon\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. To\u02bbxoriston<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

G\u00f6bl, 1967.\u00a0\u00a0 P. 166-167, 244.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Jabg\u02bbu<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

t\u03b3w\u02bcr\u02bck xw\u03b2 \u201cTo\u02bbxor<\/u>(iston<\/u>) hukdmori<\/u>\u201d (sug\u02bbd.) yoki \u03c4o\u03b3oro ia\u03b2\u03b3o? To\u02bbxor<\/u> yabg\u02bbusi<\/u>?\u201d (baqtr<\/u>)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. To\u02bbxoriston<\/u>, Chag\u02bboniyon.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Boboyorov, 2021. B. 160.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tegin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5wp\u03c3avo\u00a0 \u00fea\u03c5o \u201cXuroson Tegin-shoh\u201d;<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. \u03c3\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u00fea\u03c5o \u201cBuyuk hukmdor Tegin\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. Kobuliston<\/u>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

G\u00f6bl, 1967.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 P. 140. Babayar<\/u>,\u00a0 2007. S. 210.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tudun-tarxon<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

tadonotarxano<\/u> bagdaiggo<\/u> \u03c5arobido \u201cTugal baxtga ega hukmdor Tudun-tarxon<\/u>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. To\u02bbxoriston<\/u>, Xuttal<\/u>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Davary<\/u>, 1982. 100, 170-171, 287.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Baqtriy<\/u> yozuvi tushirilgan tangalarda kagano<\/u> \u201cxoqon\u201d, \u201cjabg\u02bbu<\/u>\u201d, \u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u201ctegin\u201d, tadono<\/u> tarxano<\/u> \u201ctudun-tarxon<\/u>\u201d kabi unvonlar \u2013 \u201cxoqon\u201d, \u201cjabg\u02bbu<\/u>\u201d, \u201ctegin\u201d kabi Turk xoqonligi unvonlar tizimining oliy toifasiga kirgan. \u201cEltabar<\/u>\u201d va \u201ctudun-tarxon<\/u>\u201d esa birmuncha quyi darajali unvon hisoblangan. \u201cHoqon<\/u>\u201d, \u201cjabg\u02bbu<\/u>\u201d va \u201ctudun-tarxon<\/u>\u201d unvoni tushirilgan tangalarning ko\u02bbpchiligi To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbuligi<\/u> va uning tarkibidagi Xuttal<\/u> hukmdorligiga tegishli bo\u02bblgan. Baqtriy<\/u> yozuvida \u201ctegin\u201d unvoni tushirilgan tangalar Tegin-shohlar sulolasi hukmronlik qilgan Kobulistonga<\/u> oiddir [6: 18-28]. VII \u2013 VIII asrlarda To\u02bbxoristonni<\/u> yabg\u02bbular<\/u> sulolasi boshqargan. Ularning kelib chiqishi G\u02bbarbiy Turk xoqonligiga taqalar edi. To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbulari<\/u> hukmronligi 620-yillardan 750- yillargacha, ya\u02bcni bu yer arablar tomonidan to\u02bblaqonli egallanguniga qadar davom etgan. Kobulistonda<\/u> ham shunga o\u02bbxshash\u00a0 vaziyat hukmron bo\u02bblib, 640- yillardan 843-yilgacha boshqargan sulola kelib chiqishiga ko\u02bbra G\u02bbarbiy Turk xoqonligiga taqalgan [ 5: 17-19].<\/span><\/p>\n

To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbulari<\/u> va Kobul Tegin-shohlari tangalarini faqatgina baqtriy<\/u> yozuvida emas, balki pahlaviy (o\u02bbrta fors) va qadimgi hind (brahmiy<\/u>) yozuvida ham zarb qildirgan. Quyida ushbu tangalardan ayrim namunalarini keltiramiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

2-jadval.\u00a0 Pahlaviy yozuvli qadimgi turk tangalari<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u2116<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Unvonlar nomi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tanga rasmi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Zarb qilingan davri va joyi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nashr qilingan tadqiqot<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Yabg<\/strong>\u02bc<\/strong>u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

ybgu<\/u> bhlk\u02bcn<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBalx yabg\u02bcusi\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. To\u02bbxoriston<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8: 182-183.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tegin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

tkyn<\/u> bg<\/u> hwtyp<\/u> hwr\u02bcs\u02bcn<\/u> MLK\u02bc<\/u>\u00a0 \u201cTegin, qudratli janob, Xuroson hukmdori\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. Kobuliston<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9: 377.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a01: 205.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Yuqoridagi tangalar birinchisi To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbuligiga<\/u>, ikkinchisi esa Kobul Tegin-shohlari sulolasiga tegishlidir. Shu o\u02bbrinda aytish kerakki, To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbulari<\/u> tomonidan zarb qilingan tangalarning ko\u02bbpchiligida pahlaviy yozuvi tushirilgan. Ularning ikonografiyasi va matnida Eron Sosoniylari tangalarining kuchli ta\u02bcsiri ko\u02bbrinib turadi. Bu holatni ayrim tadqiqotchilar To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbuligi<\/u> janubi-g\u02bbarbiy tomondan Sosoniylar bilan chegaradosh bo\u02bblganini ilgari suradi. Shuningdek, yaqin qo\u02bbshnichilik natijasida To\u02bbxoristonda<\/u> tanga zarb qilish an\u02bcanalariga Sosoniylarga xos jihatlarning ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatganini ta\u02bckidlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aslida shunga o\u02bbxshash holat Kobulistonda<\/u> ham ko\u02bbzga tashlanadi. To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> janubida joylashgan bu hududning chegaralari g\u02bbarbiy tomondan Sosoniylar saltanatiga tutash bo\u02bblgan. To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbuligi<\/u> kabi Kobuliston<\/u> hukmdorlari ham ish yuritish va yozishmalarni yunon-baqtriya<\/u> yozuvi asosidagi baqtriy<\/u> tili bilan birga pahlaviy va qadimgi hind tillaridan ham foydalangan [10: 346]. Buni qadimgi hind (brahmiy<\/u>) yozuvi tushirilgan quyidagi tangalar ham tasdiqlab turibdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

3-jadval.\u00a0 Qadimgi hind (<\/strong>brahmi<\/u><\/strong>) yozuvi tushirilgan qadimgi turk tangalari:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u2116<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Unvonlar nomi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tanga rasmi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Zarb qilingan davri va joyi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nashr qilingan tadqiqot<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tegin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

h\u0131t\u0131v\u0131ra kharal\u0101va p\u0101rame\u015bvara \u015br\u0131 vah\u0131 t\u0131g\u0131na devak\u0101r\u0131 tam<\/u> \u201cHitivira<\/u>\/ Eltabar<\/u> \u2013 Buyukligi, Xaralaja<\/u>, eng buyuk janob, Tegin-shoh buyukligi, hashamatli hukmdor uchun [bu tanga] zarb qilindi\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. Kobuliston<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8: 142-208.\u00a0 9: 377-378.<\/span><\/p>\n

2:\u00a0 206.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Eltabar<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

h\u0131t\u0131v\u0131ra kharal\u0101va p\u0101rame\u015bvara \u015br\u0131 vah\u0131 t\u0131g\u0131na devak\u0101r\u0131 tam<\/u>\u2013\u201cHitivira<\/u>\/ Eltabar<\/u> \u2013 Buyukligi, Xaralaja<\/u>, eng buyuk janob, Tegin-shoh buyukligi, hashamatli hukmdor uchun [bu tanga] zarb qilindi\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

VII \u2013 VIII asrlar. Kobuliston<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8: 142.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Yuqorida keltirilgan \u201ctegin\u201d unvoni tushirilgan tangalar Kobul Tegin-shohlari sulolasiga tegishli bo\u02bblib, ular 3 ta<\/u> tilda \u2013 baqtriy<\/u>, pahlaviy va qadimgi hind (brahmi<\/u>) yozuvlarida zarb qilingan. Kobul Tegin-shohlari sulolasiga tegishli tanga matnlarining bir necha tilda yozilishi o\u02bbzining tarixiy asoslariga ega. Birinchidan, Kobul viloyati va unga qo\u02bbshni Zobuliston<\/u>, Qandahor kabi bugungi Afg\u02bbonistonning sharqiy va janubiy viloyatlari, shuningdek, Gandxara<\/u> (Panjob), Kashmir singari Shimoliy Hindiston (bugungi Pokiston) viloyatlarining bir qismida qadimda va ilk o\u02bbrta asrlarda asosan hind va eroniy tilli, qisman turkiy tilli elatlar yashagan. Turk xoqonligi davrida bu yerda turkiy aholining salmog\u02bbi ancha oshadi. Ayniqsa, Kobul Tegin-shohlari sulolasi davrida hukmron toifa va qo\u02bbshin asosan turkiylardan tashkil topgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzaro qo\u02bbshni ikkala hukmdorlik \u2013 To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbuligi<\/u> va Kobul Tegin-shohlari mintaqadagi etnik xilma-xillikdan kelib chiqib, tangasini turli tillarda zarb qildirgan. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, ular qadimgi turkiy an\u02bcanalarni davom ettirgan. Tanga matnlarida esa \u201cjabg\u02bbu<\/u>\u201d, \u201ctegin\u201d kabi Turk xoqonligiga xos unvonlarga asosiy urg\u02bbu berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Umuman olganda, islomdan oldingi yozma manbalardan anglash mumkinki, jabg\u02bbu<\/u> \u2013 xoqondan keyin turuvchi unvon edi. U G\u02bbarbiy Turk xoqonligining ilk bosqichida eng yuqori daraja bo\u02bblib, keyinchalik xoqonlikning bir qismi hisoblangan To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> hukmdorlari unvoniga aylangan. Tegin esa Turk xoqonligida shahzodalar unvoni sifatida xoqonlikka borib taqaluvchi Choch teginlari<\/u>, To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> yabg\u02bbulari<\/u> va Kobul Tegin-shohlari kabi sulolalar tomonidan ham qo\u02bbllana boshlagan. Eltabar<\/u> \u2013 Turk xoqonligida \u201ctegin\u201d (shahzoda)lardan keyingi o\u02bbrinda turuvchi unvon bo\u02bblib, uning egalari xoqonlikning hukmron toifasiga tegishli bo\u02bblmagan. Xoqonlik o\u02bbz vassallariga ushbu unvonni bergan. Eltabar<\/u> Choch, To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> va Kobuliston<\/u> tangalarida uchraydi. Ular ko\u02bbproq kichik hududlar boshqaruvchilari unvoni sifatida qayd etilgan. Tudun<\/u> \u2013 Turk xoqonligida vassal hukmdorlarni nazorat qilish va ulardan soliq yig\u02bbish ishlarini tashkil etuvchi amaldor unvoni, noib. Vazifasiga ko\u02bbra qadimgi turkcha \u201cbosqoq\u201d unvoniga ham to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelgan. U Choch va To\u02bbxoriston<\/u> tangalarida uchraydi. Ushbu unvon sohibi ham eltabar<\/u> unvoniga ega shaxs bilan deyarli teng mavqeda bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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  2. \n
    Babayar<\/u> G. K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sikkeleri<\/u> Katalogu<\/u>. The<\/u> Catalogue<\/u> of<\/u> coins<\/u> of<\/u> Turkic<\/u> Qaghanate<\/u>. \u2013 Ankara<\/u>: TIKA, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Sims-Williams<\/u> N. Bactrian<\/u> documents<\/u> from<\/u> northern<\/u> Afghanistan<\/u>. \u2013 Oxford<\/u>., 2000.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nHILOLA NORMAMATOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    O\u02bbzR<\/u> FA Milliy arxeologiya markazi tayanch doktoranti<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Islomdan oldingi O\u02bbrta Osiyo tangalarining sezilarli qismini turkiy atamalar \u2013 hukmdor ismi, unvon va epitetlar o\u02bbrin olgan tangalar tashkil etgan. Ularning katta bir qismi sug\u02bbdiy, qolgan qismi esa baqtriy, pahlaviy va qadimgi turk-run yozuvida zarb qilingan. Qadimgi turkcha atamalar uchraydigan ushbu tangalar, ayniqsa, ular orasida sug\u02bbdiy yozuv tushirilganlari G\u02bbarbiy Turk xoqonligi (568-740) bilan to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri bog\u02bbliq …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36047,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nILK O\u02bbRTA ASRLAR O\u02bbRTA OSIYO TANGALARIDAGI QADIMGI TURKIY UNVONLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ILK O\u02bbRTA ASRLAR O\u02bbRTA OSIYO TANGALARIDAGI QADIMGI TURKIY UNVONLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=36044&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ILK O\u02bbRTA ASRLAR O\u02bbRTA OSIYO TANGALARIDAGI QADIMGI TURKIY UNVONLAR - 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