{"id":35365,"date":"2024-05-13T11:50:44","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T06:50:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=35365"},"modified":"2024-05-13T11:50:44","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T06:50:44","slug":"abu-hurayra-roziyallohu-anhuga-qilingan-tuhmatlarni-bartaraf-qilishda-tarixiy-manbalar-asosida-zamonaviy-tadqiqotlar-qiyosiy-tahlili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=35365&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ABU HURAYRA ROZIYALLOHU ANHUGA QILINGAN TUHMATLARNI BARTARAF QILISHDA TARIXIY MANBALAR ASOSIDA ZAMONAVIY TADQIQOTLAR QIYOSIY TAHLILI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mahmud Abu Rayya (1889-1970)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMahmud Abu Rayya 1889-yili 15-dekabrda Misrning Daqhaliya muhofazasida tug\u02bbilgan. Umrining ko\u02bbproq qismini Misrning Mansura shahrida o\u02bbtkazgan. 1957-yilda Jizaga ko\u02bbchib borgan va umrining oxirigacha o\u02bbsha yerda yashagan. Kovliy sunnatlar va ba\u02bczi muhaddislar bo\u02bbyicha qilgan tadqiqotlari bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Sunnatun Nabaviy va xossatan Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhudan qilingan rivoyatlarni yolg\u02bbon-to\u02bbqima deyishga jur\u02bcat qilgan va bu borada alohida kitob yozgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu borasida bunday deydi:\u00a0 \u201cAbu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu Payg\u02bbambarimiz Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam bilan bor-yo\u02bbg\u02bbi bir yilu to\u02bbqqiz oy yashagan, lekin ko\u02bbp hadis rivoyat qilgan. U ko\u02bbplab isroiliyot xabarlarni Ka\u02bcbul Ahbor yahudiydan qilganda nisbatni Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamga bergan. Vaholangki, Ka\u02bcbul Ahbor Umar roziyallohu anhu davrida Islomga kirgan\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAzvou alas sunnatil Muhammadiya\u201d (Muhammadiy sunnatiga ko\u02bbra ziyolar) kitobi mashhur asaridir. Abu Rayya mazkur kitobida Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam sunnatlariga ta\u02bcna-malomat yetkazishga harakat qilgan. Sahobalarning ustidan kulib, ularning sha\u02bcnini yerga urgan. Jumladan, Nabiy Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning\u00a0 hadislarida to\u02bbqimalar mavjudligi va roviylaridagi \u201cIsroiliyot\u201ddan rivoyat qiluvchilarining ko\u02bbp ekanini, bundan tashqari, hadislarning aytilgan tarixi borasida yolg\u02bbon sanaladigan ma\u02bclumotlar borligini o\u02bbzining \u201cQissatul hadis al-Muhammadiy\u201d (Muhammadiy hadis qissasi) kitobida iddao qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uning bu kabi iddaolariga ko\u02bbplab zabardast olimlar raddiya bildirib kitoblar yozgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Rayya 1970-yil 11-dekabr kuni 81 yoshida Jizada vafot etdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Abu Shahba\u00a0 (1914-1983)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Abu Shahba 1914-yil 15-sentyabrda Misrda tug\u02bbilgan. Otasi\u00a0 uni to\u02bbrt yoshida Qur\u02bcon o\u02bbqish va yozishni o\u02bbrganishi uchun maktabga beradi. To\u02bbqqiz yoshida Qur\u02bconi karimning yarmini, o\u02bbn ikki yoshida to\u02bbliq yod oladi. 1925-yilda Dasuqdagi diniy maktabda, 1930-yilda Tantodagi o\u02bbrta maktabda ta\u02bclim oladi. 1935-yilda Usul ad din fakultetiga o\u02bbqishga kirib, 1935-yilda talabalarning eng saralari hisobida oliy diplomni qo\u02bblga kiritadi. So\u02bbng tafsir va hadis ilmlari borasida magistrlik o\u02bbqishini davom ettiradi. 1944-1946-yillarda doktorlik ishini himoya qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Abu Shahba hayoti davomida shuhratga va mansabga intilmagan, ishini jimgina qiladigan xolis olimlardan edi. Shuning uchun ham uni faqatgina tolibi ilmlar tanigan, zamondoshlari unga \u201culug\u02bblar otasi\u201d, ya\u02bcni eng ulug\u02bb inson, deya nom bergan. Muhammad Abu Shahba mufassir, o\u02bbz davrida hadis bo\u02bbyicha tengi kam bo\u02bblgan olim, hayotini sunnati Nabaviy xizmatiga bag\u02bbishlagan insondir. U Azhari sharif, Sa\u02bcudiya, Bag\u02bbdod va Sudan universitetlarida dars bergan. Uning 22 ta asari bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Abu Shahba butun umrini ilmga, Islomga bag\u02bbishladi. 1983-yilning 15-iyulida 69 yoshida Misrning Madinati Nasr shahrida vafot etdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomda sahobalarning o\u02bbrni. <\/strong>Abu Rayya o\u02bbz kitobida buyuk sahoba Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuning tarjimayi holiga ham to\u02bbxtalib, ta\u02bcna toshlarining barchasini, bitta ham qoldirmay, sahobaga otib chiqqan. Jumhur ahli ilmlar qabul qilgan \u201cSahobalarning barchasi adolatlidir\u201d <\/strong>degan qoidani oyoq osti qilib, boshqa sahobalarni ham yomonlagan. Ular aytmagan gaplarni aytdi, deb tuhmat qilgan. Shu mulohazalardan kelib chiqib, haq qaror topishi uchun boshqa raddiyalar qatori sahobalar roziyallohu anhum mavzusiga ham to\u02bbxtalib o\u02bbtishni lozim topdik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulamolar, hadis imomlari nazdida sahoba \u2013 Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamga mo\u02bbmin holatida yo\u02bbliqqan va iymonda vafot etgan insondir. Shu ta\u02bcrifga ko\u02bbra, murtad bo\u02bblib, murtad holida vafot etsa, sahobaligi ketadi. Ammo tavba qilib, islomga qaytsa, sahihroq qavlga ko\u02bbra, unga yana sahobalik nisbati beriladi. Zohiridan musulmon ko\u02bbrinib, ichida kufr e\u02bctiqodda bo\u02bblgan munofiqlar ham sahoba sanalishmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jumhur ulamolar sahoba bo\u02bblish uchun uzoq vaqt Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam bilan birga bo\u02bblish, birga Alloh yo\u02bblida jihodlarga chiqish, infoqlar qilish kerak, degan shartni qo\u02bbyishmagan. Ba\u02bczi olimlargina shart qilib: \u201cHech bo\u02bblmaganda bir-ikkita g\u02bbazot qilgan bo\u02bblsin\u201d, deganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbpchilik ulamolar yuqoridagi shartlarni qo\u02bbyishmasa-da, Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam bilan birga yashagan, hadislar eshitgan, birga g\u02bbazot qilgan, u zotga yordam berish uchun joniyu molini fido qilgan sahobalar boshqa sahobalardan afzalroq va buyukroq ekanini ochiq aytishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hofiz Ibn Hajar \u201cSharhu Nuxbatil fikar\u201d kitobida aytadi: \u201cNabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallamni lozim tutgan, u zot bilan bir safda jang qilgan, u zotning bayroqlari ostida jon bergan sahobalar u zotni lozim tutmagan, g\u02bbazotga chiqmagan, ozgina birga bo\u02bblgan, sanoqli marta suhbatlashgan, uzoqdan qaragan yoki yoshligida ko\u02bbrgan sahobalardan ustun turadilar. Lekin umumiy olganda barchalari sahobiy sanalishadi. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan hadis eshitmagan sahoba agar u zotdan hadis rivoyat qilsa, ushbu hadis mursal sanaladi, ammo sahobalik sharafiga erishganlari bois sahobalar safida zikr qilinaverishadi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloh taolo shu ma\u02bcnoga e\u02bctiborimizni qaratib, marhamat qiladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u062d\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u06da \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0670\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0645\u064f \u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u06da \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u06da \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sizlardan hech kim fathdan ilgari nafaqa qilganlarga va urushga qatnashganlarga barobar bo\u02bbla olmas. Ularning darajalari fathdan so\u02bbng nafaqa qilgani va urushda qatnashganlardan ko\u02bbra buyukdir. <\/strong>Alloh barchalariga yaxshilikni va\u02bcda qilgan. Va Alloh nima amal qilayotganingizdan xabardordir.<\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Sahobalarning barchasi adolatli sanaladi. Jumhur muhaddislar, faqihlar va usul ulamolari nazdida barcha sahobalar adolatlidir. Buning ma\u02bcnosi shuki, ular iymonlari kuchli, taqvo va muruvvatlari yuqori, axloqlari go\u02bbzal, keraksiz ishlardan uzoq zotlar bo\u02bblishgani uchun Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamga qasddan yolg\u02bbon to\u02bbqishmaydi. Ammo bu ular gunohlardan, adashish va qoqilishlardan ma\u02bcsum bo\u02bblishgan degani emas, albatta. Bu gapni bironta olim aytmagan. Jumladan, ularning adolatli ekanida ham hech kim ixtilof qilmagan. Bir toifa bid\u02bcatchilar xilof qilgan, xolos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahobalar adolatli ekanining dalili Alloh taolo ularni pok, ummatning eng yaxshilari, adolatli va taqvodorlari ekanini aytganidir. Alloh taolo aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0670\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064f\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAna shunday qilib, odamlar ustidan guvoh bo\u02bblishingiz va Rasul ustingizdan guvoh bo\u02bblishi uchun sizlarni o\u02bbrta millat qildik\u201d<\/strong>.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Oyatdagi \u201cVasat\u201d degani eng yaxshi, adolatli, o\u02bbrta deganidir. Zero, har narsaning o\u02bbrtasi eng yaxshi va adolatli nuqtasi bo\u02bbladi. Boshqa oyatda aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0650\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650\u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650\u06d7<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOdamlar uchun chiqarilgan eng yaxshi ummat bo\u02bbldingiz. Amri ma\u02bcruf qilasiz, nahyi munkar qilasiz va Allohga imon keltirasiz.\u201d<\/strong>[3]<\/sup><\/strong><\/a>. Shubhasiz, yuqorida ikki oyat avvalo sahobalarni o\u02bbz ichiga oladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahobalarni maqtaydigan, ularning fazli va ustunligini e\u02bclon qiladigan, sodiq iymonlari va ixloslarini hamda yuksak axloqlarini izhor qiladigan oyatlar juda bisyor. Yeru osmonlarda biron narsadan bexabar bo\u02bblmaydigan Zot \u2013 Alloh taoloning maqtashidan-da buyukroq maqtov bormi? Kim ham Allohdan ko\u02bbra rostgo\u02bby bo\u02bblardi?! \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam ham sahobalarning adolatli ekanini ta\u02bckidlab o\u02bbtganlar. U zotlarning fazl va fazilatlari ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblgani uchun haqlariga rioya qilishga, hurmat ko\u02bbrsatishga, ularga ozor bermaslikka va nomlarini poymol qilmaslikka buyurganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Abu Said Xudriy roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cSahobalarimni so\u02bbkmang. Jonim qo\u02bblida bo\u02bblgan Zotga qasamki, birontangiz Uhud tog\u02bbichalik tillo sadaqa qilsangiz ham ularning bir mud, hatto yarim mud ham saqada qilganlariga yeta olmaysiz\u201d, dedilar.<\/strong>[4]<\/sup><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy \u201cJome\u02bc\u201dsida, Ibn Hibbon \u201cSahih\u201dida Abdulloh ibn Mug\u02bbaffaldan rivoyat qiladi. Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam dedilar:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/em><\/strong>Sahobalarim<\/em><\/strong> borasida<\/em><\/strong> Allohdan<\/em><\/strong> qo\u02bbrqing<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em><\/strong>Allohdan<\/em><\/strong> qo\u02bbrqing<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong>Mendan<\/em><\/strong> so\u02bbng<\/em><\/strong> ularni<\/em><\/strong> nishon<\/em><\/strong> qilib<\/em><\/strong> olmanglar<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong>Kim<\/em><\/strong> ularni<\/em><\/strong> yaxshi<\/em><\/strong> ko\u02bbrsa<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em><\/strong>meni<\/em><\/strong> yaxshi<\/em><\/strong> ko\u02bbrgani<\/em><\/strong> uchun<\/em><\/strong> ularni<\/em><\/strong> yaxshi<\/em><\/strong> ko\u02bbribdi<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong>Kim<\/em><\/strong> ularni<\/em><\/strong> yomon<\/em><\/strong> ko\u02bbrsa<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em><\/strong>meni<\/em><\/strong> yomon<\/em><\/strong> ko\u02bbrgani<\/em><\/strong> uchun<\/em><\/strong> ularni<\/em><\/strong> yomon<\/em><\/strong> ko\u02bbribdi<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong>Kim<\/em><\/strong> ularga<\/em><\/strong> ozor<\/em><\/strong> bersa<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em><\/strong>menga<\/em><\/strong> ham<\/em><\/strong> ozor<\/em><\/strong> bergan<\/em><\/strong> bo\u02bbladi<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong>Kim<\/em><\/strong> menga<\/em><\/strong> ozor<\/em><\/strong> bersa<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em><\/strong>Allohga<\/em><\/strong> \u201c<\/em><\/strong>ozor<\/em><\/strong>\u201d <\/em><\/strong>bergan<\/em><\/strong> bo\u02bbladi<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong>Kim<\/em><\/strong> Allohga<\/em><\/strong> \u201c<\/em><\/strong>ozor<\/em><\/strong>\u201d <\/em><\/strong>bersa<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em><\/strong>uni<\/em><\/strong> (<\/em>azobi<\/em> ila<\/em>) <\/em>ushlashligi<\/em><\/strong> yaqindir<\/em><\/strong>\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu ma\u02bcnodagi hadis va asarlar ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblib, sahobalarning fazli borasida biz shu bilan kifoyalanamiz. Sahobalar tarixi va siyratlarini o\u02bbqigan, ularning ilmi, amali, taqvosi, pokdamon xulqlari, nafsu havo va harom shahvatlardan uzoqda bo\u02bblganlarini bilgan odam buni teran anglab yetadi. Katta sahobalar, ayniqsa, roshid xalifalar har bir sahobaning, hatto Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamni bir marta ko\u02bbrgan sahobaning ham\u00a0 fazlini nazardan chetda qoldirishmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rivoyat qilinishicha, Umar Foruq roziyallohu anhuning oldiga ansorlarni mazax qilgan bir badaviy odamni olib kelishibdi. Shunda Umar roziyallohu anhu: \u201c<\/strong>Rasululloh<\/strong> sollallohu<\/strong> alayhi<\/strong> vasallamga<\/strong> sahoba<\/strong> bo\u02bblish<\/strong> orqali<\/strong> erishgan<\/strong> fazli<\/strong> bo\u02bblmaganida<\/strong> o\u02bbzim<\/strong> bilardim<\/strong> uni<\/strong> nima<\/strong> qilishni<\/strong>. <\/strong>Ammo<\/strong> sahobaligi<\/strong> bor<\/strong> ekan<\/strong>\u201d, <\/strong>deydilar.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ulamolarimiz mazkur barcha fazilatlarni anglab yetishgan edi. Hofiz Ahmad Bayhaqiy rivoyat qiladiki, taqvosi, aqli, ilmi va zakovatini barcha e\u02bctirof etgan Imom Shofe\u02bciy \u201cRisola\u201d kitobida sahobalarni zikr qilib, ular loyiq bo\u02bblgan maqtovlar bilan maqtagan. Jumladan, shunday degan: \u201c<\/strong>Sahobalar<\/strong> ilmda<\/strong>, <\/strong>ijtihodda<\/strong>, <\/strong>tavqo<\/strong> va<\/strong> aqlda<\/strong> hamda<\/strong> hukm<\/strong> istinbot<\/strong> qilinadigan<\/strong> ishlarda<\/strong> bizdan<\/strong> ustundirlar<\/strong>. <\/strong>Ularning<\/strong> fikrlari<\/strong> biz<\/strong> uchun<\/strong> o\u02bbz<\/strong> fikrlarimizdan<\/strong> ham<\/strong> yaxshiroq<\/strong> va<\/strong> avloroqdir<\/strong>\u201d.<\/strong>[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Abu Zur\u02bca Roziy aytadi: \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning birorta sahobalariga til uzatayotgan biron kimsani ko\u02bbrsang, bilki u odam zindiq[7]<\/sup><\/a> bo\u02bbladi. Sababi, Payg\u02bbambar ham, Qur\u02bcon ham, undagi oyatlar ham haq. Bularni esa bizga faqatgina sahobalar yetkazib berishgan. Anavi zindiqlar esa Qur\u02bcon va hadislarni yo\u02bbq qilish uchun shohidlarimiz bo\u02bblgan sahobalarga ta\u02bcna yetkazishmoqda. Ularning o\u02bbzlari ta\u02bcnaga loyiq kimsalardir. Ular zindiq insonlardir\u201d.[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bb sahoba Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuchalik nohaq tanqidiy o\u02bbqlar otilgan biror bir sahoba bo\u02bblmasa kerak. Bu ayblovlarning ildizi uzoq tarixga borib taqaladi. Alloma ibn Qutayba o\u02bbzining \u201cIxtilofli hadislarning yechimi\u201d nomli asarida Nazzom va unga ergashgan ahli bid\u02bcatlar tomonidan Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuga bo\u02bbhtonlar qilinganini aytgan. Islom dinida yetuk ulamolardan bo\u02bblgan kishilar Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuni obro\u02bb-martabalarini tushiradigan biror narsada ayblaganlarini uchratilmagan. Ammo ba\u02bczi bir mustashriqlar, yuqoridagi tuhmatchilarni gaplariga aldanishdi. Keyin bizga o\u02bbzlarini hali pishib yetilmagan fikrlari-yu, nohaq ayblovlarini ro\u02bbbaro\u02bb qilishdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu o\u02bbrinda mustashriqlardan ta\u02bcsirlangan sunnat inkorchilarining bu hiylalari ortidan g\u02bbarazli maqsadlarni ko\u02bbzlashganidan ogohlantirib qo\u02bbyishni ma\u02bcqul topdim. Ular ba\u02bczan sahobalarga, ba\u02bczan esa hadislarga ta\u02bcna qilish bilan islom shariatining ikkinchi o\u02bbzagi bo\u02bblmish sunnat borasida musulmonlar orasida shubha qo\u02bbzg\u02bbatmoqchi bo\u02bblishadi. Bordiyu musulmonlar u borasida shak-shubhaga borib qolishsa, Qur\u02bconni tushunishlari va undagi ma\u02bcnolarni to\u02bbliq anglab yetishlari qiyin bo\u02bblib qoladi. Chunki sunnat Qur\u02bcon oyatlarini sharhlab, ma\u02bcnolarini bayon qilib beradigan manbadir. Agar Qur\u02bcon musulmonlarga begona kitobdek bo\u02bblib qolsa, unda islom va musulmon ummati halokatga yuz tutadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ular bugungi musulmonlarning ba\u02bczi kitoblariga o\u02bbz ta\u02bcsirini o\u02bbtkazmay qolishmadi. Mustashriqlarning bu botil da\u02bcvolariga ular o\u02bbz asarlarida ergashib, hujjati bo\u02bblmagan gaplarni qayta-qayta keltirishdi. Bu ham yetmaganidek, ularning gaplariga ba\u02bczi bir qo\u02bbshimchalar ham kiritishdi. Mana bularning hammasi ilmiy izlanish va munozara shiori ostida o\u02bbzlarining \u201czahar\u201dlarini sochishdi. Tadqiqotlardan shu narsa ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbldiki, ular o\u02bbylagan bu ishlari sof ilm va haqiqiy bahs-munozaradan yiroqdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAzvo alas-Sunna\u201d kitobining muallifi Abu Rayya kelib, ana ular aytgan gaplarini takrorladi. Nafaqat takrorlash, balki\u00a0 olovga yog\u02bb sepdi. U o\u02bbz kitobida Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu shiori ostida mavzu boshlab, uni har qanday bo\u02bbhton gaplar bilan to\u02bbldirib tashladi. Qolaversa, bu ishi bilan Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu va boshqa sahobalarga hujumga o\u02bbtib, ularni yolg\u02bbonchilik va hadis to\u02bbqishlikda aybladi. Ibn Qutayba o\u02bbz kitoblarida Nazzom va unga ergashganlar naql qilgan gaplarni poyma-poy, bitta qoldirmasdan ko\u02bbchirib olgan.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Muallif Abu Rayya o\u02bbzining maqsadiga yetishish yo\u02bblida naqllarning ba\u02bczi qismlarini kesib oldi. Bu xuddi Niso surasining 43-oyatidagi \u201cNamozga yaqin kelmanglar\u2026\u201d<\/strong> jumlasini olib, \u201c\u2026 mast bo\u02bblgan holingizda\u201d<\/strong> jumlasini tark qilishga o\u02bbxshaydi. Ular ba\u02bczi bir sahih rivoyatlarni o\u02bbzlariga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelmagani uchun tark qilib, boshqa o\u02bbzlariga muvofiq bo\u02bblgan zaif rivoyatlarni dalil qilishadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu, ya\u02bcni Abu Rayya qilgan ishni ko\u02bbrsatib berish borasidagi iqtibos insof doirasida amalga oshirilganini isboti uchun u keltirgan voqealarni ayrim qismlari kesib tashlanganliklariga quyidagi misollarni keltiramiz: \u201cAbu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuni yolg\u02bbonchilikda ayblaganida keltirgan dalili quyidagicha: \u201cZubayr u (Abu Hurayra)ning hadislarini eshitganida: \u201crost, yolg\u02bbon\u201d, – dedi.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu hadisni matnidan Zubayr roziyallohu anhu Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuni yolg\u02bbon hadis to\u02bbqishda ayblaganidek ko\u02bbrinadi. Aslida esa bu matn to\u02bblaligicha keltirilsa, haqiqat ayon bo\u02bbladi. \u201cAl-bidaya van-nihaya\u201d kitobining muallifi bunday keltiradi: \u201cUrva ibn Zubayrdan rivoyat qilinadi. U kishi: \u201cOtam menga: \u201cMana bu Yamanlik kishi <\/strong>(ya\u02bcni, Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu)ni mening oldimga olib kelgin, u Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan ko\u02bbp hadis rivoyat qilayotgan ekan\u201d, dedilar. Men olib keldim. Abu Hurayra hadis ayta boshladi. Zubayr: \u201crost, yolg\u02bbon\u201d, – der edi. Men: \u201cOtajon, \u201crost, yolg\u02bbon\u201d degan so\u02bbzlaringizning ma\u02bcnosi nima?\u201d deb so\u02bbradim.\u00a0 Shunda otam: \u201cBu hadislarni Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan eshitganiga shubham yo\u02bbq, lekin ayrimlari ichida o\u02bbz o\u02bbrniga qo\u02bbygan, ayrimlarini esa yo\u02bbq\u201d<\/strong>.[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida matn to\u02bbliqligicha keltirilganida Abu Rayya keltirgan ma\u02bclumotning aksi kelib chiqadi. Yanada tushunarli qilib aytsak, hadisdagi ba\u02bczi so\u02bbzlarning ayrimlari o\u02bbz o\u02bbrniga qo\u02bbyilgani va ayrimlari esa o\u02bbz o\u02bbrniga qo\u02bbyilmaganini tushunish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shunga o\u02bbxshash misollardan yana biri, rivoyat qilingan hadislardan o\u02bbziga dalil bo\u02bbladigan joyini olib, qolganini tark qilgan o\u02bbrinki, buni Abu Rayya kitobining 192-sahifasida keltirgan: \u201cUmar roziyallohu anhu Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuni Bahraynga voliy qilib qo\u02bbydi. So\u02bbngra u <\/strong>(Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu)ning omonatga putur yetkazadigan ba\u02bczi bir narsalar qilgani qulog\u02bbiga chalinib, u kishini ishdan oldi va o\u02bbrniga boshqa kishini voliy etib tayinladi. Ana shunda u kishiga qattiq gapirib, haqoratladi\u201d.<\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Haqiqat yuzaga chiqishi uchun muallif keltirgan qissani asl manbasiga yo\u02bbllab qo\u02bbyish va shu sababli haqiqatni yuzaga chiqarish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Zero, narsalardagi haqiqatni bilish uchun u muqoyasa qilinadi va haqiqatiga yetib boriladi. Sahobalarning tarixi borasida eng ishonchli manbalardan biri \u201cAl Isoba\u201d kitobida kelgan qissani e\u02bctiboringizga havola qilamiz: \u201cAbdurrazzoq bizga Ma\u02bcmardan, u kishi Ayyubdan, u kishi esa ibn Sirindan rivoyat qilib aytadilarki: Umar roziyallohu anhu Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuni Bahraynga voliy etib tayinladilar. U kishi o\u02bbn ming olib keldilar. Shunda Umar: \u201cBu pullarni qo\u02bblga kiritibsan, xo\u02bbsh, qayerdan olding bularni?\u201d, dedilar. U kishi dedi: \u201cOtlar tug\u02bbib ko\u02bbpaydi, ketma-ket hadyalar keldi, yana o\u02bbzimga tegishli qullarning solig\u02bbini to\u02bbpladim\u201d.\u00a0 Shunda Umar unga qaradilar va qanday aytgan bo\u02bblsalar xuddi shu holatda topdilar. So\u02bbng Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuni chaqirib, yana voliylik qilishlarini taklif qilganlarida, u kishi bosh tortdi. Shunda Umar: \u201cAxir sendan ko\u02bbra yaxshiroq bo\u02bblgan kishi <\/strong>(ya\u02bcni Yusuf alayhis salom) mansabga o\u02bbtirishni talab qilganku?!\u00bb, deganlarida, Abu Hurayra: \u201cU kishi Yusuf ibn Nabiyyulloh ibn Nabiyyulloh edi, men esa Abu Hurayra ibn Umaymaman.\u00a0 Men uch narsadan qo\u02bbrqaman: \u201cIlmsiz gapirib qo\u02bbyishdan, noto\u02bbg\u02bbri hukm chiqarib qo\u02bbyishdan va belimga urilib, obro\u02bbyim poymol qilinib, bor-budimni yo\u02bbqotishdan\u201d, –\u00a0 dedilar.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hofiz Ibn Kasir \u201cBidoya\u201dda huddi shu qissani zikr qilib, ortidan: Umar birinchi bor voliyligi vaqtida o\u02bbn ikki ming zimmasiga yuklagan. Shu sababli ikkinchi marta voliylikdan bosh tortgani haqidagi boshqa bir hikoyani keltirganlar.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Abdurrazzoqdan qilingan bu rivoyatida Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuga nisbatan bo\u02bbhton emas, balki maqtov bor. Shuningdek, kishilarni tarjimayi holi bo\u02bbyicha chuqur ilm egalaridan bo\u02bblgan ikki buyuk imom (Imom Buxoriy va imom Muslim) ham o\u02bbzlarining kitoblarida Abu Hurayradan hadis rivoyat qilishga ittifoq qilishgan. Ibn Kasir boshqa rivoyat keltirishiga qaraganda, u kishi tuhmat rivoyatga rozi bo\u02bblmagan. Qolaversa, Abdurrazzoq buyuk imomlardan. Uning rivoyati Ibn Kasir bergan ma\u02bclumotlardan ko\u02bbra e\u02bctiborli sanaladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, Umar roziyallohu anhu Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhu haqlarida xuddi muallif aytganidek gumonda bo\u02bblganida, unga ikkinchi marotaba voliylikni taklif qilar edimi?! Foruqning sifati va voliylarga nisbatan u kishining qattiqqo\u02bbl ekanliklari hammaga ma\u02bclum emasmi? Bu bilan bizga Abdurrazzoqning rivoyati ishonish lozim bo\u02bblgan rivoyatlardan ekani ravshan bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kitobining 163-betida keltirgan quyidagi rivoyati ham shular jumlasidandir: \u201cUmar roziyallohu anhu Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhuga: \u201cEy Abu Hurayra, ko\u02bbp rivoyat qilib yubordingku! Rasulullohga yolg\u02bbon gapirayotgan bo\u02bblishing hech gap emas!\u201d dedi va agar Rasulullohdan hadis aytishni qo\u02bbymasa, o\u02bbz yurtiga surgun qilib yuborishini aytdi: \u201cYo Rasulullohdan hadis aytishni qo\u02bbyasan, yo seni Davs yeriga jo\u02bbnatib yuboraman!\u201d[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bunga javoban Muhammad Abu Shahba shunday deydi: \u201cIshonchli kitoblarning birortasida Umar uni yolg\u02bbonda ayblagani haqida topa olmadim. Faqat muallif buni badiiy kitoblar yoki shunga o\u02bbxshash narsalardan topgan bo\u02bblishi mumkin yoki xayoliy tasavvurlari mahsulidan olgandir. Undan tashqari, Umarning Abu Hurayrani Davs yeriga surgun qilaman degan tahdididan uni yolg\u02bbonchilikda ayblayotganining hidi ham kelmaydi! Balki bu ehtiyotkorlik va qattiqqo\u02bbllikdan boshqa narsa emas. Zero, ko\u02bbp hadis rivoyat qilgan odamdan xato va kamchiliklar kutilishi tabiiydir. Hazrati Foruq hadis rivoyat qilishda qattiq ehtiyotkor ekani esa barchaga ma\u02bclum.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Hadid surasi, 10-oyat. Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Qur\u02bconi karim o\u02bbzbekcha ma\u02bcnolari tarjimasi. Turkiya diyonat ishlari boshqarmasi. Istanbul. 2017. B-338. <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/sup><\/a> Baqara surasi, 143-oyat. Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Qur\u02bconi karim o\u02bbzbekcha ma\u02bcnolari tarjimasi. Turkiya diyonat ishlari boshqarmasi. Istanbul. 2017. B-15. <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/sup><\/a> Oli Imron surasi, 110-oyat. Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Qur\u02bconi karim o\u02bbzbekcha ma\u02bcnolari tarjimasi. Turkiya diyonat ishlari boshqarmasi. Istanbul. 2017. \u2013\u00a0 B.38. <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/sup><\/a> Imom Termiziy. Sunan Termiziy. 4234 raqamli hasan sahih hadis.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/sup><\/a> Imom Bag\u02bbaviy \u201cHadis Ali ibn Ja\u02bcd\u201d kitobida zikr qilgan.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/sup><\/a> Muhammad Abu Shahba. Difo\u02bc anis sunna. Dorul Qudus al Arabiy. Qohira.2019-yil. \u2013 B.202.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/sup><\/a> Zindiq \u2014 adashgan, pastkash, zohirida imonli ko\u02bbringan, aslida kofir kimsa ma\u02bcnosida.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/sup><\/a> Muhammad Abu Shahba. Difo\u02bc anis sunna. Dorul Qudus al Arabiy. Qohira.2019-yil. \u2013 B.202.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/sup><\/a> Nazzomiya firqasi musulmon mo\u02bbtazila firqasi sanaladi. Uning asoschisi Ibrohim ibn Sayyor ibn Honiy Nazzom al Basriy. Melodiy 777-yili Basrada tug\u02bbilgan. Falsafachilardan ta\u02bcsirlangan. Abu Huzayl Allof qo\u02bblida mo\u02bbtazila ta\u02bclimotini olgan. Mo\u02bbtazilaning eng katta olimlaridan bo\u02bblgan. Keyinroq undan ajrab o\u02bbzi alohida mustaqil Nazzomiya mazhabiga asos solgan.\u00a0 36 ta kitob yozgan. Shogirdi Johiz uni sifatlab turib, \u201cHar ming yilda bir keladigan shaxs\u201d, \u201czamonasida tengsiz\u201d ekanini aytgan. Ahmad Amin: \u201cMo\u02bbtazilalar undan keyin unga qaram, boqimanda bo\u02bblishgan\u201d, deya ta\u02bcriflagan. U 836-yili Bag\u02bbdodda vafot etgan.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/sup><\/a> Muhammad Abu Shahba. Difo\u02bc anis sunna. Dorul Qudus al Arabiy. Qohira.2019-yil. \u2013 B.205<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[11]<\/sup><\/a> Yuqoridagi manba. \u2013 B.206. Abu Haysama \u201cTarix\u201d kitobida. Ibn Asokir \u201cTarix Dimashq\u201d kitobida keltirgan.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[12]<\/sup><\/a> Muhammad Abu Shahba. Difo\u02bc anis sunna. Dorul Qudus al Arabiy. Qohira.2019-yil. \u2013 B.206.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[13]<\/sup><\/a> Muhammad Abu Shahba. Difo\u02bc anis sunna. Dorul Qudus al Arabiy. Qohira.2019-yil. \u2013 B.207.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[14]<\/sup><\/a> Abu Zur\u02bca Dimashqiy \u201cTarix\u201dda keltirgan.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
[15]<\/sup><\/a> Muhammad Abu Shahba. Difo\u02bc anis sunna. Dorul Qudus al Arabiy. Qohira.2019-yil. B.208.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
OLIMXON YUSUPOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
Hadis ilmi maktabi rektori<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mahmud Abu Rayya (1889-1970) \u201cMahmud Abu Rayya 1889-yili 15-dekabrda Misrning Daqhaliya muhofazasida tug\u02bbilgan. Umrining ko\u02bbproq qismini Misrning Mansura shahrida o\u02bbtkazgan. 1957-yilda Jizaga ko\u02bbchib borgan va umrining oxirigacha o\u02bbsha yerda yashagan. Kovliy sunnatlar va ba\u02bczi muhaddislar bo\u02bbyicha qilgan tadqiqotlari bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Sunnatun Nabaviy va xossatan Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhudan qilingan rivoyatlarni yolg\u02bbon-to\u02bbqima deyishga jur\u02bcat qilgan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35366,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nABU HURAYRA ROZIYALLOHU ANHUGA QILINGAN TUHMATLARNI BARTARAF QILISHDA TARIXIY MANBALAR ASOSIDA ZAMONAVIY TADQIQOTLAR QIYOSIY TAHLILI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ABU HURAYRA ROZIYALLOHU ANHUGA QILINGAN TUHMATLARNI BARTARAF QILISHDA TARIXIY MANBALAR ASOSIDA ZAMONAVIY TADQIQOTLAR QIYOSIY TAHLILI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=35365&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABU HURAYRA ROZIYALLOHU ANHUGA QILINGAN TUHMATLARNI BARTARAF QILISHDA TARIXIY MANBALAR ASOSIDA ZAMONAVIY TADQIQOTLAR QIYOSIY TAHLILI - 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