{"id":35012,"date":"2024-04-25T11:52:20","date_gmt":"2024-04-25T06:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=35012"},"modified":"2024-04-25T11:52:20","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T06:52:20","slug":"o%ca%bbzbek-davlatchiligi-tarixini-o%ca%bbrganishda-nizom-at-tavorixning-ahamiyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=35012&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbZBEK DAVLATCHILIGI TARIXINI O\u02bbRGANISHDA \u201cNIZOM AT-TAVORIX\u201dNING AHAMIYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbek davlatchiligini boshqargan somoniylar, saljuqiylar, anushteginiylar hamda mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarga qaramlik davri (1220\u20131370) tarixiga oid manbalardan biri Bayzoviyning umumiy tarix yo\u02bbnalishida yozilgan \u201cTarixlar tizmasi\u201d (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e) asaridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asar muallifining to\u02bbliq oti Nosiriddin Abu Sa\u02bcid (yoki Abulxayr) Abdulloh ibn Abu Qosim Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Hasan Ali Bayzoviy Sheroziy Shofe\u02bciy bo\u02bblib, Sheroz yaqinidagi Bayzo[1]<\/sup><\/a> shahrida tug\u02bbilgan. Shu sabab Bayzoviy va Sheroziy taxalluslari bilan tanilib ketgan [20:67]. Ko\u02bbrinib turganidek, u shofe\u02bciy mazhabida edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yurtimizda hukm surgan sulolalar hamda mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarga qaramlik davri tarixini atroflicha o\u02bbrganish birlamchi manbalar bilan bir qatorda, yondosh manbalarni tadqiq etishni taqozo etadi. Xususan, qo\u02bblyozma manbalarga asoslangan holda ilmiy tadqiqotlarni olib borish jahon standartlariga mosdir. Ushbu maqolada tarixiylik, xolislik tamoyillari kabi tarixiy tadqiqot usullaridan foydalanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nosiriddin Bayzoviy va uning tarixiy asari bir qancha olimlar tomonidan o\u02bbrganilgan. Xususan, olimning o\u02bblgan yilini 1286, 1292, 1293, 1309, 1311-yillar yoxud 1316-yil deb ko\u02bbrsatiladi. R.Sellhaym[13:289-91] va Van Ess[3:261-70] keyingi sanalarni tasdiqlovchi ishonchli dalillar keltirgan. Xususan, Van Ess vazir Rashididdin Fazlullohning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Amir Aliga yozgan maktubini keltirgan bo\u02bblib, unda Bayzoviy sovg\u02bba-salomlar taqdim etilishi lozim bo\u02bblgan 51\u00a0ta mashhur olimlar orasida tilga olgan. Van Essning fikricha, maktub 1303-yilgacha yozilmagan, balki 1313-yilning oxirida yozilgan. \u201cEncyclopaedia Iranica\u201dda Bayzoviyga bag\u02bbishlangan maqola muallifi Iytan Ko\u02bblberg ham Bayzoviy 1310-yildan keyin vafot etgan, degan xulosaga kelgan[9]. Mana shunday chalkashliklarga qaramay, allomaning so\u02bbnggi manzili ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblib, u Tabrizdagi Chorandab qabristonidir [8]. Qabrning aniq yeri Eronda Safaviylar hokimiyat tepasiga kelguniga qadar ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblgan [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Fiqh[2]<\/sup><\/a>, tafsir[3]<\/sup><\/a> va tarix yo\u02bbnalishlarida qalam tebratgan olimning eng mashhur asari, shubhasiz, \u201cBayzoviy tafsiri\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0631) deb ham yuritiladigan \u201cQur\u02bcon nurlari va sharh sirlari\u201d kitobi sanaladi. Shu bilan birga, uning \u201cTarixlar tizmasi\u201d asari ham o\u02bbziga yarasha ilmiy qiymatga ega.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201d asari Odam alayhissalomdan to 1276-yilgacha bo\u02bblgan dunyo tarixini, ya\u02bcni asar bitilgan sanagacha bo\u02bblgan davr voqeliklarini o\u02bbz ichiga oladi. U muallif yashagan davrgacha bo\u02bblgan voqealarning tasvirlangani bilan qimmatlidir. Bizgacha yetib kelgan ko\u02bbplab qo\u02bblyozma manbalarni o\u02bbrganish \u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201d asarining mashhur bo\u02bblganini va o\u02bbquvchilarining geografik qamrovi keng ekanini ko\u02bbrsatadi. Edvard Braun[4] ikkala asar ham bir vaqtning o\u02bbzida yaratilganini hisobga olib, uni \u062a\u0623\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u064a \u201cTarixi Banokatiy\u201d (\u201cBanokatiy tarixi\u201d) bilan qiyoslagan. \u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201dning bosma nashrlari orasida Bahman Karimiy tahriri ostidagi nashrni (Tehron, 1934) alohida qayd etish joiz [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bayzoviyning bobosi va otasi Sherozning bosh qozilari bo\u02bblgan. O\u02bbzining aytishicha, otasining bobosi Imom G\u02bbazzoliyning shogirdlaridan edi. Tabiiyki, bu omillar uning yaxshi ta\u02bclim olishi, amaldorlar va saroy a\u02bcyonlari bilan tanishishiga xizmat qilgan[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Shu sababli u o\u02bbz asarlarini yozishda, shubhasiz, boy manbaga ega bo\u02bblgani va zamondosh olimlar fikrlaridan o\u02bbrinli foydalangani ehtimoli yuqori.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bayzoviyning birinchi ustozi otasi Imomiddin Umar ibn Muhammad bo\u02bblib, unga fiqh ilmidan dars bergan. Otasi salg\u02bburiylar[5]<\/sup><\/a> hukmdori Abu Bakr ibn Sa\u02bcd[6]<\/sup><\/a> (1226\u20131260) davrida Forsning qozisi (qoziul mamolik) lavozimini egallagan. Keyinchalik unga Sharofiddin Umar Zakiy Bushqoniy[9], Shihobiddin Suhravardiy[7]<\/sup><\/a> va Nosiriddin Tusiy[8]<\/sup><\/a> kabi olimlar ham ustozlik qilgan[8]. Bayzoviyning shogirdlaridan esa Kamoliddin Umar Marog\u02bbiy[9]<\/sup><\/a>, Ahmad ibn Hasan Jarburdiy (Chahorburtiy bo\u02bblishi mumkin[8]) hamda Abdurahmon Isfahoniy[10]<\/sup><\/a> nomlarini tilga olish mumkin[8].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bayzoviy nomi tarixiy manbalarda birinchi marta Sunjak (Suqunjak) no\u02bbyonning[11]<\/sup><\/a> 1271-yilda mintaqaning moliyaviy hisobotlarini o\u02bbrganish uchun Forsga kelishi munosabati bilan tilga olinadi.\u00a0 Taxminan 1279-yilda u elxon Aba\u00adqaxon[12]<\/sup><\/a> tomonidan Forsga qoziul mamolik (mamlakat qozisi) etib tayinlangan. Abaqaxon 1281-yilda vafot etgach, Sheroz qozisi lavozimini egalladi[9]. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbul hukmdori, aftidan, uni ota-bobolari kasb-koridan kelib chiqqan holda shu lavozimga ma\u02bcqul ko\u02bbrgan bo\u02bblishi mumkin. Vassofning xabar berishicha, u bu vazifani Rukniddin ibn Ismoil[13]<\/sup><\/a> bilan birga olib borgan[19:120]. Shunday qilib, 1270-yillarga kelib Bayzoviy o\u02bbzi tug\u02bbilib o\u02bbsgan yerni tashlab, Sherozga ko\u02bbchib o\u02bbtgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bilimi va adolati bilan mashhur Bayzoviy Sheroz qozisi lavozimini saqlab qolish maqsadida Tabrizga borgani, mahalliy so\u02bbfiy va zohid Shayx Muhammad Kujujoniydan[14]<\/sup><\/a> yordam so\u02bbragani, shayx esa uning iltimosini Sunjak no\u02bbyonga yetkazib, Bayzoviyni o\u02bbz lavozimida qolishiga ko\u02bbndirgani ma\u02bclum. Shu tufayli shayxning mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar oldidagi botirligi va o\u02bbzini tutishi Bayzoviyda shunchalik chuqur taassurot qoldirganki, u birmuncha vaqt qozi bo\u02bblish maqsadini bir chetga surib, shayx Xoja Muhammad Kajujoniydan bilim olishni afzal ko\u02bbrgan [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bayzoviy vazir Rashididdin Fazlulloh Hamadoniyga Qur\u02bcon tafsiri bo\u02bblmish \u201cQur\u02bcon nurlari va sharh sirlari\u201d (\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644) asari nusxasini in\u02bcom qilish uchun 1299-yilda Tabrizga ko\u02bbchib o\u02bbtadi. Biroq u yerda qanday rasmiy lavozimda ishlagani aniq emas[1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu manbaning ahamiyati to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida manbashunos olimlar o\u02bbrtasida ikki xil qarash mavjud. Xususan, ingliz eron\u00adshunosi Edvard Braun hamda eronlik olim Abdul\u00adhusayn Navoiy bu manba \u201cchop etishga arzimasligini\u201d ta\u02bckid\u00adlab o\u02bbtgan. Yana bir eronlik adib Malik Shu\u02bcaro Bahor esa manbani ijobiy baholab, muallifni \u201cpokizanavis\u201d deb e\u02bctirof etgan. Charlz Melvill, shuningdek, Mirhoshim Muhaddis ushbu kitobga yozgan kirish so\u02bbzlarida Bayzoviydan keyin yashagan tarixchilar \u2013 Xondamir, Mirxond, Hamdulloh Mustafo va \u201cForsnomayi Nosiriy\u201d asari muallifi Mirzo Husayn Fasoiy ham ushbu manbaga murojaat etganlarini aytib o\u02bbtgan. Hakim Shamsulloh Qodiriy[10], Bahman Karimiy, Kolberg, Hoji Manuchehriy, Robson, turk tadqiqotchilaridan Yusuf Shavqiy Yovuz[6] va Ali Ertug\u02bbrullar[11] Bayzoviy hayoti va ijodini o\u02bbrgangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asar kirish va to\u02bbrt bo\u02bblimdan iborat. Birinchi qismda Odam Atodan Nuh payg\u02bbambargacha, 2500-yil davomida 10\u00a0ta payg\u02bbambar hukmronlik qilgani bayoni keltirilgan. Ikkinchi qismda 4281-yil hukmronlik qilgan Nuhdan keyingi 73\u00a0ta shohning (Peshdodiylar[15]<\/sup><\/a>dan Sosoniylargacha) tavsifi. Uchinchi qismda Islom xalifalari (Muhammad (S.A.V.)dan xalifalargacha) tarjimai holi bo\u02bblib, unda 654 yil davomidagi 54\u00a0xalifaning faoliyati qisqacha bayon etilgan. Beshinchi qismda esa turli qabilalardan bo\u02bblgan Eron podshohlarining Abbosiylar bilan munosabatlarini yoritadi. Shuningdek, 420 yil hukmronlik qilgan 84\u00a0ta podshohning (Safforiylar, Somoniylar, G\u02bbaznaviylar, G\u02bburiylar, Daylamitlar[16]<\/sup><\/a>, Saljuqiylar, Salg\u02bburiylar, Ismoiliylar (malohidalar[17]<\/sup><\/a>), Xorazmshohlar va mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar) tarixi qisqacha tilga olinadi [5].<\/span><\/p>\n

Aynan shu to\u02bbrtinchi qismda O\u02bbzbek davlatchiligi tarixida o\u02bbchmas iz qoldirgan Somoniylar, Saljuqiylar, Xorazmshohlar haqida qisqacha ma\u02bclumotlar berilgani bilan ahamiyatlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xususan, Somoniylar davlatining joylashuvi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida shunday jumlalar bor:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0635\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[14:48a]<\/span><\/p>\n

Eshon dah nafarand va mulki eshon az diyori Turk to hududi Hind-u Fors va Iroq bud. Muddati mulki eshon az dayyori Turk sad-u chahor sol [ast].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ularda o\u02bbnta podshoh [o\u02bbtdi]. Davlatining [chegarasi] Turonzamindan Hind-u Fors va Iroqqa qadar [cho\u02bbzilgan] edi. Somoniylar Turk davridan [boshlab] bir yuzu to\u02bbrt yil davomida\u00a0 [hukmdorlik qildi].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Yuqoridagi jumladan so\u02bbng Somoniylar davlati hukmdorlarining ismlari va necha yil hukmronlik qilgani qisqacha zikr etilgan. Bundan tashqari, G\u02bbaznaviylar, Saljuqiylar hamda Xorazmshohlar haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar ham shu zaylda berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu manbada Sulton Jaloliddin ibn Muhammadga to\u02bbxtab o\u02bbtilgan. Uning qo\u02bbshinlari mo\u02bbg\u02bbullardan mag\u02bblub bo\u02bblgach, Hind tomonga chekingani, mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar ta\u02bcqibni to\u02bbxtatganidan xabar topgandan so\u02bbng Forsga borib, hudud otabegi Sa\u02bcd bilan uchrashgani haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar bayon etilgan. Bundan tashqari, ushbu voqealardan so\u02bbng, Xorazmshoh Jaloliddin Bag\u02bbdodga borgani va u yerda to\u02bbrt oy qolib, Tabriz orqali Tiflisga (Tbilisi) o\u02bbtgani, shuningdek, Kavkazdagi hayoti qisqacha keltirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manbaning har xil nusxalari qismlarida ko\u02bbrsatilgan sulolalar soni turlichadir. Ayniqsa, 4\u2011qismda o\u02bbzgarishlar ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblib, u yangi ma\u02bclumotlar bilan boyitilgani yoki ayrim qismlari qisqartirilgani bilan ajralib turadi. Xususan, asarning O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik institutida (O\u02bbzR FA SHI) 2856\u2013IV-tartib raqami ostida saqlanayotgan qo\u02bblyozma nusxasining birinchi qismi to\u02bbliq emas. Uning oxirida nuqsoni bo\u02bblib, manba qora va qizil siyohlar bilan mahalliy qog\u02bbozga buxorocha nasta\u02bcliq xatida Abdulxoliq (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642) tomonidan taxminan 1829-yilda ko\u02bbchirilgan [18:61].<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning O\u02bbzR FA Sharqshunoslik institutida 9720-tartib raqami ostida saqlanayotgan 1820-yilda ko\u02bbchirilgan nusxasi muqovasi 1808-yilda Ismatulloh sahhof (\u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641) tomonidan qizil hoshiyalar bilan bezatilgan qora rangda, loklangan kartondan ishlangan. Yozuvi Buxoro nasta\u02bcliq xatida bo\u02bblib, har bir varaq rangli va zarhal chiziqlar bilan hoshiyalangan. Mahalliy sarg\u02bbish rangdagi Qo\u02bbqon qog\u02bbozi (\u201cvergeures\u201d)dan istifoda etilgan va 88\u00a0varaqdan iborat[17:12-13]. Bu nusxada elxoniy Abaqaxonning (1234\u00a0\u2013\u00a001.04.1282) islom dinini qabul qilgani, bir qancha vayron bo\u02bblgan yerlarni obod qilgani va raiyat uchun amalga oshirgan barcha yaxshiliklari haqida so\u02bbz borgan [88a]. Kitob \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u201cHotam Anushervon nusax kard (Hotam Anushervon ko\u02bbchirib oldi)\u201d jumlasi bilan yakun topadi [88b].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tojikiston Fanlar akademiyasining Qo\u02bblyozmalar merosi markazida\u00a0 (Dushanbe) \u2116\u00a0135-raqam ostida saqlanayotgan nusxa XIX\u00a0asrda ko\u02bbchirilgan bo\u02bblib, unda Xorazmshohlar hukmronligigacha bo\u02bblgan davr yoritilgan. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbul hukmdorlari haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar esa tushirib qoldirilgan [15:137].<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning Rossiya Fanlar akademiyasi Sharq qo\u02bblyozmalari institutida (Sankt-Peterburg) mavjud 4458 [\u2116 218; \u0412\u00a0234\u20132] tartib raqamli nusxasi Ryo tomonidan ta\u02bcriflangan Britaniya muzeyidagi nusxasi [Add. 16,703] bilan bir xil bo\u02bblib, elxon G\u02bbozonxonning 1295-yilda Tabrizda taxtga o\u02bbtirishi bilan yakunlangan. Ushbu nusxa 1853-yilda O\u02bbrta Osiyo hududida mahalliy qog\u02bbozda, sarlavhalari qizil rangda, nasta\u02bcliq xatida bitilgan. Muqovasi charm qoplangan sharqona (turon) usulda ishlangan, 80 varaqdan iborat [16:40].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu institutda shu manbaning yana bir nusxasi bo\u02bblib, birinchi qismi V\u00a0234-2 bilan solishtirganda ancha qisqartirilgani ayon bo\u02bbladi [16:41]. Erondagi mo\u02bbg\u02bbul hukmdorlariga bag\u02bbishlangan IV\u00a0qismning so\u02bbnggi qismida tarixiy voqealar Toshkentdagi 9720-nusxadan farqli o\u02bblaroq Abaqaxon davrigacha yoritiladi. Unda Abaqaxon haqida juda qisqa va go\u02bbyo u allaqachon vafot etgandek so\u02bbz yuritiladi. Ushbu nusxa XIX\u2013XX\u00a0asrlarga tegishli Yevropa qog\u02bboziga, matnlari qora, sarlavhalari esa qizil rangda ko\u02bbchirilgan. Ko\u02bbchirilgan joyi katta ehtimol bilan O\u02bbrta Osiyo hududi bo\u02bblishi mumkin. Muqovasi yevropacha bo\u02bblib, charmdan ishlangan va 65\u00a0varaqdan iborat[16:41].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, asarning Tehron universiteti (Eron) kutubxonasida 2748(1)\u2011raqamli nusxasi ham mavjud. U yuqorida aytilgan nusxalardan ham qisqaroq bo\u02bblib, Salg\u02bburidlargacha bo\u02bblgan ma\u02bclumotlar berilgan va XVII\u00a0asrda ko\u02bbchirilgan. Eronning mashhur Kitobxonai Majlis kutubxonasidagi 75\/IR9556\u2011nusxasi xuddi\u00a0 Rossiyadagi 9720-nusxasi kabi Abaqaxon haqidagi qisqacha ma\u02bclumotdan so\u02bbng nihoyalangan [7].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiyaning Fotih kutubxonasi (Anqara)dagi 4213-nusxasi, yuqorida sanab o\u02bbtilgan nusxalardan farqli o\u02bblaroq, XVII\u00a0asrda ko\u02bbchirilgan Eron hulokuiylari elxoni O\u02bbljoytuxon (24.03.1282\u201317.12.1316) davrigacha yoritilgani bilan ajralib turadi. Turkiyaning boshqa (Ayo Sofiya kutubxonasi, Nuri Usmoniya kutubxonasi, Rizoposhsho kutubxonasi va Istanbul universiteti kutubxonasi) kutubxonalarida ham \u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201dning nusxalari saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuni aytib o\u02bbtish joizki, Turkiyada \u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201dni tarjima qilish usmoniylar davrida boshlangan. Xususan, Sulton Muhammad\u00a0III topshirig\u02bbiga ko\u02bbra Mustafo bin Shayx Abdurahmon ushbu asarni \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u201cAnis al-muluk\u201d (\u201cPodshohlarga hamdam\u201d) nomi bilan tarjima qilgan. Ushbu tarjima hozirgi kunda Istanbuldagi Sulaymoniya kutubxonasining Hamidiya (890-tartib raqami ostida) va To\u02bbpqopi kutubxonasining Qoratoy fond (526-tartib raqami ostida)larida saqlanmoqda. \u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201dning ushbu turkcha tarjimalari ham til va hajm jihatdan bir-biridan farq qiladi. Sulaymoniya nusxasi 25\u00a0qatorli 85\u00a0varaqdan, Istanbul universiteti nusxasi esa 15\u00a0qatorli 58\u00a0varaqdan iborat. Istanbul universiteti kutubxonasidagi qo\u02bblyozmaning tili soddaroq bo\u02bblsa, Sulaymoniyada saqlanayotgan manba esa murakkabroq tilda yozilgan[2:269]. Asl forscha matnni Sulaymoniya kutubxonasidagi tarjima bilan solishtirganda, ushbu nusxaga tarjimon tomonidan ko\u02bbplab qo\u02bbshimchalar kiritilgani ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladi. Masalan, dunyo va jo\u02bbg\u02bbrofiy mintaqalarning yaratilishi fors tilidagi matnda uzundan-uzoq tilga olinmasa-da, tarjima manbada batafsil ma\u02bclumotlar bilan boyitilgan[12:269]. Universitet kutubxonasidagi forscha matnli nusxa Abaqaxon ibn Huloku hukmronligi davrigacha bo\u02bblgan voqealarni o\u02bbz ichiga olgan. Sulaymoniya kutubxonasidagi nusxada esa Fotimiylar, Ayyubiylar va Mamluklar davrlari haqida ham ma\u02bclumotlar berilgan. Tarjima asari Usmonlilar taxtiga Mehmed III ko\u02bbtarilishi bilan yakunlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib shuni aytish lozimki, ushbu tarixiy manba umumiy tarix yo\u02bbnalishida yozilgan bo\u02bblib, unda payg\u02bbambarlar va ko\u02bbplab sulola hukmdorlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida qisqa ma\u02bclumotlar berilgan. Maqola boshida aytilganidek, tili birmuncha g\u02bbalizroq forsiyda bo\u02bblsa-da, asarning tarixiy manba sifatidagi ahamiyati uning bu kemtigini yopadi, desak mubolag\u02bba bo\u02bblmaydi. Umuman, Nosiriddin Abu Sa\u02bcid Abdulloh ibn Umar qozi Bayzoviy qalamiga mansub \u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201d asari o\u02bbzining qadimiyligi, qimmatli ma\u02bclumotlari, o\u02bbzbek davlatchiligi tarixining muhim davrlariga oid ma\u02bclumotlar talqin etilgani, shuningdek, uzoq asrlar davomida dunyo olimlarining e\u02bctiborini tortgani bilan ahamiyatlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrganilgan tadqiqotdan quyidagi takliflarni berish joiz:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2212 Nosiriddin Bayzoviyning \u201cNizom at-tavorix\u201d asarini manbaviy asosdan tadqiq etish;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2212 asarning O\u02bbzbek davlatchiligiga oid qismlarini o\u02bbzbek tiliga tarjima qilish.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
al-Bay\u1e0d\u0101w\u012b \/\/ Encyclopaedia Islamica. 2014.<\/span><\/div>\n
Ba\u015far Fahameddin. Kad\u0131 Beyzav\u00ee\u02bcnin Tarihe Dair Eseri Nizam\u00fc\u02bct-Tevarih\u02bcin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Terc\u00fcmesi Hakk\u0131nda. Tarih Dergisi 0 \/ 35 (Temmuz 2011). \u2013 S. 269.<\/span><\/div>\n
Biobibliographische Notizen zur islamischen Theologie,\u201d Welt des Orients 9. 1978.<\/span><\/div>\n
E.G. Browne. A Literary History of Persia. Vol. 3. \u2013 Cambridge: 1976.<\/span><\/div>\n
https:\/\/fa.wikifeqh.ir\/\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e_(\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628) , 26.3.2023.<\/span><\/div>\n
https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/beyzavi, so\u02bbngi murojaat: 23.3.2022.<\/span><\/div>\n
https:\/\/ketabpedia.com, so\u02bbnggi murojaat: 26.3.2023.<\/span><\/div>\n
https:\/\/ru.quranacademy.org\/encyclopedia\/article\/al-Baydhawi#cite-ref-31, 23.3.2022<\/span><\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.iranicaonline.org\/articles\/bayzawi-naser-al-din-abul-kayr-or-abu-said-abd-allah-b, 23.3.2022<\/span><\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.rekhta.org\/ebooks\/nizaam-ut-tawarikh-unknown-author-ebooks, 23.3.2022.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m ilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gelene\u011finde K\u0101d\u00ee Beyz\u00e2v\u00ee \/ ed. Mustakim Ar\u0131c\u0131. 1. bs. Ankara. 2017. \/\/ Bir tarih\u00e7i olarak K\u0101d\u00ee Beyz\u00e2v\u00ee ve\u00a0 Niz\u00e2m\u00fc\u02bct-tev\u00e2r\u00eeh adli eseri. ISBN 978-975-389-966-6.<\/span><\/div>\n
Kad\u0131 Beyzav\u00ee\u02bcnin tarihe dair eseri Nizam\u00fc\u02bct-Tevarih\u02bcin t\u00fcrk\u00e7e terc\u00fcmesi hakkinda. \u2013 S. 269.<\/span><\/div>\n
Materialien zur arabischen Literaturgeschichte, Verzeichnis der orientalichen Handschriften in Deutschland XVII A1. Wiesbaden. 1976. P. 289-91.<\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzR Fanlar akademiyasi Sharqshunoslik instituti. Qo\u02bblyozmalar jamg\u02bbarrmasi. 9720-qo\u02bclyozma nusxasi. 48a-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \/ \u0410\u041d \u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0421\u0421\u0420. \u041e\u0442\u0434. \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c. \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f; \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u041c.\u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0410.\u041c.\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u043c I. \u2013 \u0414\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0435: 1974. \u2013 \u0421. 137.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u2013 \u0421. 40, 41.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0421\u0412\u0420. VIII. \u2013 \u0421. 12-13.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420 (\u0421\u0412\u0420). \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444., \u0410.\u0410.\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u043c V. \u2013 \u0422.: \u0410\u041d \u0423\u0437\u0421\u0421\u0420. \u2013 \u0421. 61.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641\u06d4 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641\u06d4 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d4 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f4\u06f6\u06d4 \u0635\u06d4 \u06f1\u06f2\u06f0\u06d4<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649\u06d4 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649: 685 \u0647\u0640)\u06d4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u062f.\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u063a\u064a\u06d4 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d4 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06d4 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f8\u06d4 \u0635\u06d4 \u06f6\u06f7\u06d4<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
[1]<\/sup><\/a> Bayzo \u2014 hozirgi Eronning Fors viloyati markazi Sheroz shahridan 30\u00a0km shimoli-sharqda joylashgan shahar.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/sup><\/a> Fiqh \u2014 arab tilida bilish, tushunish kabi ma\u02bcnolarni anglatib, musulmon huquqshunosligi, shariat qonun-qoidalarini ishlab chiqish bilan shug\u02bbullanuvchi islom ta\u02bclimotining bir sohasi sanaladi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/sup><\/a> Tafsir \u2014 arabchadan tushuntirish, ochib berish ma\u02bcnosida kelib, islom an\u02bcanasida asosan Qur\u02bcon oyatlarini sharhlash, tushuntirib berishni o\u02bbz ichiga oladi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/sup><\/a> Mosallayi-pour, Abbas; Waley, M.I. al-Bay\u1e0d\u0101w\u012b \/\/ Encyclopaedia Islamica \/ Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary. Brill Online. 2014.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/sup><\/a> Salg\u02bburiylar \u2014 1148\u20131270-yillarda poytaxti Sheroz bo\u02bblgan Fors (Eron)da hukmronlik qilgan salg\u02bbur (yoki salur) qabilasidan bo\u02bblgan turkman sulolasi. Salg\u02bburiylarning ajdodi Salg\u02bbar XI\u00a0asr o\u02bbrtalarida ko\u02bbchib kelgan salg\u02bbur deb atalgan turkman qabilasi boshlig\u02bbi bo\u02bblgan. Ular Xurosonga borib, saljuqiylar sultoni To\u02bbg\u02bbrul I\u00a0ga qo\u02bbshilgan. Uning merosxo\u02bbrlari Kichik Osiyoda Rum sultonligini barpo etishda faol qatnashgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/sup><\/a> Abu Bakr ibn Sa\u02bcd \u2014 Muzaffariddin Qutlug\u02bbxon oti bilan ham tanilgan. 1226\u20131260-yillarda Forsning Salg\u02bburiy otabegi (hukmdori) bo\u02bblgan. U Sa\u02bcd I\u00a0ning o\u02bbg\u02bbli va vorisi edi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/sup><\/a> Shihobiddin Suhravardiy \u2014 (1155-1191) fors faylasufi va tasavvufchisi, so\u02bbfiylik yo\u02bbnalishlaridan biri bo\u02bblgan ishroqiy (yorug\u02bblik) falsafasining asoschisi. Shu tufayli u Shayxul Ishroq (yorug\u02bblik ustasi) nomi bilan ham mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Suhravardiy qadimgi fors hikmatlari an\u02bcanasini qayta tiklagan degan qarash ham mavjud.<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/sup><\/a> Nosiriddin Tusiy \u2014 (1201-yil 18-fevral \u2013 1274-yil 26-iyun) XIII\u00a0asrning fors matematigi, muhandisi va astronomi. Nihoyatda serqirra olim, falsafa, geografiya, musiqa, optika, tibbiyot, mineralogiyaga oid asarlar muallifi. U yunon fanining bilimdoni bo\u02bblgan Yevklid, Arximed, Avtolik, Feodosiy, Menelay, Apolloniy, Aristarx, Gipsikl, Ptolemey asarlariga sharh yozgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/sup><\/a> Kamoliddin Umar Marog\u02bbiy \u2013 tabrizlik qozi, olim. U Marog\u02bba (Eronning shimoli-g\u02bbarbida, Sharqiy Ozarbayjon o\u02bbstonidagi qadimgi shahar. Tabrizdan 80\u00a0km janubda joylashgan.) shahriga qozi etib tayinlangan. Shuningdek, al-Otabekiya madrasasida ham mudarris bo\u02bblgan va shuning uchun \u201cal-Mudarris\u201d laqabini olgan. U Ozarbayjon otabeklari va sultonlar orasida juda hurmat va ehtiromga sazovor shaxs edi. Sulton Jaloliddin Xorazmshoh huzuriga kelganida, sulton uni izzat-ikrom bilan qarshi olgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/sup><\/a> Abdurahmon Isfahoniy \u2013 (1276-yil 5-fevral\u00a0 \u2013 1349-yil fevral oyi) Isfahonda tug\u02bbilgan. Yoshligini Tabriz va Isfahonda o\u02bbtkazgan. 1324-yilda Haj ziyoratiga borgan. Qaytishda Quddusda to\u02bbxtab, mintaqaning mashhur ulamolari bilan uchrashish uchun Shomga boradi. U yerda ma\u02bcruzalar o\u02bbqib, turli asarlar ham yozgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[11]<\/sup><\/a> Sunjak no\u02bbyon \u2013 mo\u02bbg\u02bbul amirlaridan biri, 1259-yilning 12 sentyabrida mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning Yaqin Sharqqa yurishlarida Hulokuxon qo\u02bbshinining so\u02bbl qanotiga boshchilik qilgan. Bag\u02bbdod va Fors yerlarini boshqarish unga topshirilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[12]<\/sup><\/a> Abaqaxon \u2013 (1234\u00a0\u20131282-yil 1-aprel) Hulokuiylar davlatining 1265\u20131282-yillardagi ikkinchi elxoni. U 1256-yilda mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning Kichik Osiyoni bosib olishida boshchilik qilgan otasi Huloku bilan birga Forsga kelgan. Otasi o\u02bblimidan so\u02bbng oila a\u02bczolari tomonidan hukmdor etib saylanadi. Biroq u buyuk Xon Xubilay tomonidan besh yildan so\u02bbngina hukmdor sifatida tayinlanadi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[13]<\/sup><\/a> Rukniddin ibn Ismoil \u2013 (?\u20131262) Iroqning shimolida joylashgan 1259\u20131262-yillarda Mosul va Sinjor shaharlarini boshqargan malik. U Mosul hukmdori Lulular sulolasining asoschisi Badriddinning (1160\u20131259) o\u02bbg\u02bbli. Otasi 1245-yilda mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar hukmronligini tan oladi. Shu bois Rukniddin mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar xizmatiga o\u02bbtadi.\u00a0 Xorazmshoh Jaloliddin Manguberdining qizi Turkon xotunga uylangan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[14]<\/sup><\/a> Shayx Muhammad Kujujoniy \u2013 so\u02bbfiylik namoyandasi hisoblanib, sunniy bo\u02bblgan. 1279-yilda Tabriz yaqinida hayotgan ko\u02bbz yumgan va tasavvuf ulamolari dafn etilgan tarixiy Kujujon qabristoniga qo\u02bbyilgan. Abaqaxonning zamondoshi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[15]<\/sup><\/a> Peshdodiylar \u2013 Qadimgi Erondagi afsonaviy shohlar sulolasi. \u201cShohnoma\u201dga ko\u02bbra peshdodiylar sulolasi 2441-yil hukm surgan. Uning asoschisi Kayumars bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[16]<\/sup><\/a> Daylamitlar \u2013 Eronning shimoli-g\u02bbarbiy qismida yashagan jangovar xalq nomi. 932\u20131055-yillarda aka-ukalar Ahmad, Hasan va Ali G\u02bbarbiy Eron va Iroqda o\u02bbz davlatini barpo etgan. Ularning otasi sosoniy Bahrom Go\u02bbr naslidan Buvayh bo\u02bblgan, shuning uchun ular qurgan davlat nomi Buvayhiylar yoxud Oli Buya deb atalgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[17]<\/sup><\/a> Malohidalar \u2013 Islomning shialik yo\u02bbnalishi ichida vujudga kelgan asosiy firqalardan biri tarafdorlaridan bo\u02bblmish ismoiliylarning yana bir nomi. X\u00a0\u2013\u00a0XI\u00a0asrlarda Yaqin va O\u02bbrta Sharqda keng tarqalgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
ZAFAR SHAMSIDDINOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi Tarix instituti kichik ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzbek davlatchiligini boshqargan somoniylar, saljuqiylar, anushteginiylar hamda mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarga qaramlik davri (1220\u20131370) tarixiga oid manbalardan biri Bayzoviyning umumiy tarix yo\u02bbnalishida yozilgan \u201cTarixlar tizmasi\u201d (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e) asaridir. Asar muallifining to\u02bbliq oti Nosiriddin Abu Sa\u02bcid (yoki Abulxayr) Abdulloh ibn Abu Qosim Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Hasan Ali Bayzoviy Sheroziy Shofe\u02bciy bo\u02bblib, Sheroz yaqinidagi Bayzo[1] shahrida tug\u02bbilgan. Shu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35013,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbZBEK DAVLATCHILIGI TARIXINI O\u02bbRGANISHDA \u201cNIZOM AT-TAVORIX\u201dNING AHAMIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbZBEK DAVLATCHILIGI TARIXINI O\u02bbRGANISHDA \u201cNIZOM AT-TAVORIX\u201dNING AHAMIYATI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=35012&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbZBEK DAVLATCHILIGI TARIXINI O\u02bbRGANISHDA \u201cNIZOM AT-TAVORIX\u201dNING AHAMIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O\u02bbZBEK DAVLATCHILIGI TARIXINI O\u02bbRGANISHDA \u201cNIZOM AT-TAVORIX\u201dNING AHAMIYATI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=35012&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-25T06:52:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tarovihh.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"572\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=35012&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=35012&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"O\u02bbZBEK DAVLATCHILIGI TARIXINI O\u02bbRGANISHDA \u201cNIZOM AT-TAVORIX\u201dNING AHAMIYATI - 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