{"id":34938,"date":"2024-04-22T09:55:12","date_gmt":"2024-04-22T04:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=34938"},"modified":"2024-04-22T09:55:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T04:55:12","slug":"xix-asr-oxiri-va-xx-asr-boshlaridagi-samarqand-ma%ca%bcrifatparvarlik-adabiyoti-namoyandalaridan-biri-sabriy-muftaqiriy-merosi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34938&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"XIX ASR OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHLARIDAGI SAMARQAND MA\u02bcRIFATPARVARLIK ADABIYOTI NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRI SABRIY MUFTAQIRIY MEROSI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sabriy naqshbandiya tariqati vorisi, XX asr boshlari adabiy jarayoniga o\u02bbziga xos hissa qo\u02bbshgan, shoir, shayx va tariqat piridir. Uning ijodi haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar tor doiradagina ma\u02bclum. \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston tarixi\u201d telekanalida efirga uzatilgan \u201cMillat fidoyilari\u201d ko\u02bbrsatuvida [4] ijodkor haqida batafsil ma\u02bclumot berildi. Ko\u02bbrsatuvda Sabriy hayoti, faoliyati va adabiy merosi tilga olinib, qatag\u02bbon qurboniga aylangani qayd etildi. Bu ko\u02bbrsatuv Sabriy hayoti va ijodiy merosini o\u02bbrganishning debochasi bo\u02bbldi, deyish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sabriy tariqat ilmining so\u02bbnggi murshidlaridan biri, taniqli ulamo, milliy\u2013madaniy, diniy merosimizni o\u02bbziga xos yo\u02bbsinda asrab\u2013avaylashga intilgan adibdir. Ayni paytda dahriylik asosiga qurilgan sobiq ittifoq tazyiqiga uchrab, qatag\u02bbon azobini boshdan kechirgan, o\u02bbz e\u02bctiqodidan zarracha bo\u02bblsa-da chekinmagan inson [3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvuf islom tamadduni ustunlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Uning paydo bo\u02bblishi bilvosita dinimiz tarixi bilan bog\u02bbliq. Haqiqat shuki, tasavvuf payg\u02bbambarimiz Rasuli Akram (s.a.v.) va u zotning sahobalari turmush tarzida islom ta\u02bclimoti va targ\u02bbiboti asnosida yuzaga keldi. Tasavvuf ta\u02bclimoti Allohni anglash, bilish va poklanish yo\u02bblidir. Tasavvuf tarixi shuni ko\u02bbrsatadiki, har bir davrda ham tasavvuf va uning namoyandalari bitta vazifani, ya\u02bcni Allohni tanish, uning zikri bilan mashg\u02bbullik hamda poklik bilan uni kelgusi avlodlarga yetkazish vazifasini bajargan. Chunki tasavvuf Haq ma\u02bcrifati bo\u02bblib, aql va qalbning poklanish yo\u02bblini ifoda etadi. Payg\u02bbambarimiz davrlaridayoq muhaddislar o\u02bbz taqvo va ibodati orqali shunday baland darajalarga erishdiki, natijada ishorat ilmi zamirida mustaqil tasavvuf ilmi tarkib topdi va avloddan avlodga an\u02bcanaviy\u00a0 meros sifatida o\u02bbtib kelaverdi. Naqshbandiya tariqati darg\u02bbalaridan biri, yetakchisi va benazir shoir \u2013 Sabriydir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sabriy Urgut 1886-yilda Urgut tumanida tavallud topgan. Uning yetuk shoir, adib va irshod piri bo\u02bblib yetishishida oilaviy muhit katta o\u02bbrin tutgan. Ijodkor ma\u02bcrifatli oilada kamolga yetgan. Sabriy singari buyuk shaxslar yashab, ijod qilgan davr \u2013 Ittifoq imperiyasi zug\u02bbumi kuchaygan, ayniqsa, millatparvar yozuvchi va\u00a0 ijodkorlarga qirg\u02bbin keltirgan davr edi. Tariqat va naqshbandiya sulukini davomchisi Sabriy ham shu qiyinchiliklar davrida shayx va murshidlik irshodlariga ega bo\u02bbldi. Dastlabki ma\u02bclumotni Urgutda Naqshin madrasada, undan keyin o\u02bbqishni Samarqandda Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasida davom ettirgan. Yetti yoshida Qur\u02bcon karimni, 12 yoshida Alisher Navoiy \u201cXamsa\u201dsini to\u02bbliq yod olgan. Abu Sayyid Xayrullo bilan oldinma-keyin Urgutda o\u02bbqigan Mullo Is\u02bchoqxon bobo, Omonxon\u00a0 va Shukur bobo bilan birga eshon to\u02bbrani Mozori Sharifga, pirlari Shayx Shahobiddin hazratlari huzuriga borganini quyidagicha eslaydi: \u201cU paytlarda sharoit og\u02bbirlashgan, zamon birmuncha notinch bo\u02bblib turardi. Urgut muzofotida rus harbiylarini uncha xushlamay qabul qilishgan davr edi. Urgut bekligida o\u02bbtkazilgan yalpi vahshiyliklarni barcha o\u02bbz ko\u02bbzi bilan ko\u02bbrgan edi. Bu bosqindan keyin\u00a0 qatag\u02bbon o\u02bbtkazilib, olimlar, ulamolar, me\u02bcmorlar va umuman aholining ziyoli qatlami qattiq ta\u02bcqib ostiga olingan edi. Olimlar va ulamolar turmalarda tovlanib, jabru sitam ko\u02bbrsa ham o\u02bbz orqasidan\u00a0 kelayotgan kishilarga yo\u02bbl ko\u02bbrsatib, hidoyat nurini sochishga intildi. Bunday ulug\u02bbvor ishlarni bajarib, ismlari noma\u02bclum qolayotgan qancha ulug\u02bblar borki, odamlar ularni faqat mustaqillik sharofati bilan kashf eta boshladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sabriy ana shunday ma\u02bcrifatparvar insonlardan biri edi. U kishi umri davomida yolg\u02bbiz, boshqalar esa o\u02bbzi bilan o\u02bbzi o\u02bbralashib qolgan edi. Sabriy yot mafkurani qabul qila olmadi. Butun borlig\u02bbi bilan Allohning o\u02bbzi bilangina mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bbldi. U umri davomida o\u02bbzgalar ko\u02bbrmagan narsalarni ko\u02bbrdi. Shuning uchun ham aytgan gaplari va qilgan amallarini tushunib yetish qiyin bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa-da, o\u02bbn minglab muridlar yashirin eshik orqasida turgan. Faqat u kishi olamdan o\u02bbtganidan keyingina qilgan amallari mohiyatini anglab yetish boshlangan. Lekin o\u02bbzgalar ayta olmagan fikr xulosalarni do\u02bbstu birodariga ayta olgani va ortidan ergashtira olgani uchungina doimo barhayot. Biz esa u kishini endigina tushunishga harakat qilmoqdamiz, xolos.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston SSR Oliy Sudi prezidiumining 1988-yil 16-dekabrda chiqarilgan qarorida Samarqand viloyat sudining 1952-yil 17-maydagi urgutlik eshon Abulxayr Asrorxonov haqidagi hukm mutlaqo asossiz bo\u02bblgani, uning faoliyatida hech qanday jinoyat alomatlari yo\u02bbqligi aniqlanib, tamomila oqlangani aytilgan. Qarorga o\u02bbsha davrdagi O\u02bbzbekiston Oliy Sudi raisi Sodiqjon Yigitaliyev imzo qo\u02bbygan [1:359]. Sabriy ziyoliligi, ma\u02bcrifatparvarligi va dindorligi tufayli Toshkent, Orenburg, Uralsk, Sibir va Marinsk turmalarida 1956-yilga qadar nohaqlik qurboni sifatida jazo muddatini o\u02bbtab keldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixga qaytadigan bo\u02bblsak, Sayyid Xayrulloxon to\u02bbra uchta hamrohi bilan Mozori Sharif qoshidagi oliy madrasada ta\u02bclim berayotgan murshid Shayx Shahobiddinxon hazratlaridan irshod xatini oladi. Samarqandda o\u02bbz davrida mashhur bo\u02bblgan Orif Mahmudov \u2013 Gulxaniy boshchiligidagi adabiy jarayon ishtirokchisi bo\u02bblish bilan birga, Sabriy taxallusi bilan she\u02bcrlar\u00a0 yozadi. Shoir Vasliyga payravlik qiladi. Orif Gulxaniy tavsiyasi bilan bir muddat Shohi Zinda masjidiga imomlik qiladi. Orif Gulxaniy vafotidan keyin qamoqqa olinib, surgun qilinadi. Shu davrda O\u02bbzbekistondan 7000 kishi otib tashlangan, qariyb 40 mingga yaqin kishi surgun qilingan. KPSS Markaziy qo\u02bbmitasining 1954-yil 10-noyabrdagi \u201cAholi o\u02bbrtasida ilmiy ateistik targ\u02bbibot olib borishdagi xatoliklar to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida\u201dgi qarori dinga qarshi navbatdagi kurash bosqichini boshlab bergan. Ushbu qarorda \u201cO\u02bbrta Osiyo qadamjolarini ziyorat qiluvchilar sonining ko\u02bbpligi, u yerda qurbonlik qilish, diniy bayramlarni o\u02bbtkazish xalq xo\u02bbjaligini izdan chiqarib, mehnat intizomiga putur yetkazadi, diniy xurofotlar sovet kishilari ongini zaharlab, ularni kommunizm qurilishidan chalg\u02bbitadi\u201d, deyilgan edi [5]. Natijada bu ishga barcha ommaviy ravishda jalb etilib, \u201cqizil burchak\u201d, ya\u02bcni ateizm targ\u02bbibot oynalari tashkil etildi. Madaniy-ma\u02bcrifiy obidalar yopilib, mavjud eski kitoblar tortib olinadi. Din ilmini egallaganlarni surgun va qamash boshlab yuborildi. Sho\u02bbrolar mafkurasi qanday bo\u02bblmasin jamiyat a\u02bczolarini insoniylik huquqidan mahrum qilishga qaratilgani haqida atoqli olim G\u02bbaybulloh as-Salom shunday yozadi: \u201dEsimni tanibmanki, millat qadrini o\u02bbylaganlar \u2013 \u201cmillatchi\u201d deb nadomat qilinadi. Jamiyatimizning nufuzli qatlami bo\u02bblgan tadbirkoru mulkdorlarni \u201csinfiy dushman, yer-suv egalarini \u201cquloq\u201d deb aybladi. Nasl-nasabingizdan og\u02bbiz ochsangiz niyati buzuq, xudbin, \u201cyot unsur\u201dsiz. Ulamo \u2013 ruhoniylarni \u2013 \u201cafyunkor\u201d, deb sazoyi etdi. Ro\u02bbza tutib, namoz o\u02bbqisangiz hayfsan olasiz. Vafot etgan ota-onangizga janoza o\u02bbqitsangiz firqa a\u02bczoligidan ketasiz, ishdan ham quvilasiz, balkim…\u201d [6].<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Sayyid Xayrullo ana shunday zamonda ijod qilish bilan birga, hanafiy olim sifatida mo\u02bbtadillikni saqlab qolayotgan ulamolar bilan hamfikr bo\u02bbldi. Adib qolgan umri davomida tariqat ilmiga doir asarlar\u00a0 bilan birga she\u02bcriy manzumalar yozish bilan band bo\u02bbldi. Shunga qaramasdan u kishining oldiga duo hamda shifo istab keluvchilar adog\u02bbi ko\u02bbrinmas edi. U kishi tariqat ishlarini ham mo\u02bbtadil olib borgan. Muridlar odatda pirining oldiga bir yilda bir yoki ko\u02bbpi bilan ikki marotaba kelgan. Olim muridlarining layoqati va darajasini hisobga olgan holda vazifalar bergan, bu vazifalar ularni kasb-koridan chalg\u02bbitmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Sayyid Xayrullo \u2013 Sabriy ham o\u02bbzining ma\u02bcnaviy piri, Mavlono Sayyid Ubaydulloh Toshkandiy ta\u02bclimotini davom ettirishni asosiy vazifalaridan biri deb biladi. U din va shariat homiysi sifatida maydonga chiqdi va umrining oxiriga qadar kishilarni ma\u02bcnaviy va ruhiy poklanishga chaqiradi. Rasululloh (s.a.v.) sunnatlariga to\u02bbliq amal qilgan holda payravlik orqali o\u02bbz pirlariga ergashish yo\u02bblini yuqori darajada davom ettirishni o\u02bbz burchi deb bildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yaqin o\u02bbtmishimizning qora kunlari haqida so\u02bbz yuritar ekanmiz, mustaqillik yillarida diniy ta\u02bclim olishni istovchilar uchun Oliy va\u00a0 o\u02bbrta maxsus bilim yurtlari ochildi. Respublikamizdagi yuzlab ziyoratgohlar ta\u02bcmirlandi. Din arboblari va ulamolarimiz qabrlari obodonlashtirildi. Xayrulloxon to\u02bbra va uning avlodlari o\u02bbtmish qutqularidan qutilib, ziyoratgoh obodonchiligi uchun bel bog\u02bblagan. Nohaqliklar va qatag\u02bbon davrini boshdan o\u02bbtkazgan Abu Sayyid Xayrulloxon to\u02bbra oramizda yo\u02bbq. U kishini yod etish, avvalo, odamiylik burchimizdir. Qolaversa, olim Balandqishloq farzandi va uning faxri hisoblanadi. Agar u kishi mo\u02bbtabar bo\u02bblmaganda edi, qishloqdoshlari Mozori Sharifga olib bormagan, Sibir turmalaridan qaytarishda xat qilmagan, janozasiga 70 ming kishi yig\u02bbilmagan bo\u02bblar edi[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tariqat ilmining so\u02bbnggi vorislaridan biri urgutlik murshidi komil, irshodpanoh eshon, adib Abu Sayyid Xayrulloxon to\u02bbra Balandi \u2013 Sabriy Muftaqiriy umrining oxiriga qadar tariqat piri sifatida elni to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga hidoyat qilib o\u02bbtdi. Xullas, Abu Sayyid Xayrulloxon eshon to\u02bbra \u2013 Sabriy muridlik olamidan ma\u02bcrifiy komillik martabasiga erishgan insonlardan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sabriy she\u02bcrlaridan namunalar<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Xublarning ishva xayri g\u02bbamzai jon qilgusi,<\/span><\/div>\n
G\u02bbamza birlan hammani sarmastu uryon qilgusi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Yuzi porlab ta\u02bcna urdi shamsi gardun husniga,<\/span><\/div>\n
Ishvalar birlan hamisha qasdi imon qilgusi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Jingalak zulfi uning maxmur etar doim meni,<\/span><\/div>\n
Gul yuzin la\u02bcli ila g\u02bbavg\u02bbo bu davron qilgusi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Majlisi zotin tanishningdir vujub tasvirlari,<\/span><\/div>\n
Yo\u02bbqsa har harfi ruqumin hukmi Qur\u02bcon qilgusi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
E\u02bctiborlar birla minglab yetkazar o\u02bbz arzini,<\/span><\/div>\n
Yetsa gar farmon Yusufga, mayli Kan\u02bcon qilgusi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Ushbu nozik ishqning ketgay tobora g\u02bbussasi,<\/span><\/div>\n
Ofarin aytar asokash, siyna pinhon qilgusi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Sabriy, istarsan firoqin, hajr keltirgay senga,<\/span><\/div>\n
Ul visol yetmog\u02bbining zavqin guliston qilgusi.<\/span><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qit\u02bcalardan namunalar<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Ba zoti o\u02bb, ki ismash harfi \u201cmim\u201d ast,<\/span><\/div>\n
Hama\u00a0 az \u04ef zi ozod\u04e3\u04b7ahim ast.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
U zot birlanki, harf isminda \u201cmim\u201ddan,<\/span><\/div>\n
Ki ozod hamma do\u02bbzaxu jahimdan.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * * *<\/span><\/div>\n
Vujudash mazhari \u201ckof\u201d astu ham \u201cnun\u201d,<\/span><\/div>\n
Shuhudash matla\u02bci fayyozi begun.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Ko\u02bbrinmoqdir vujudi kofu nundan,<\/span><\/div>\n
Mislsiz fayz boshlovi ko\u02bbringan.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * * *<\/span><\/div>\n
Ba lutfash menavozad\u00a0 jumlayero,<\/span><\/div>\n
Zi vuslat sarfarozad zumrayero.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Lutfi bilan hammani erkalar soz,<\/span><\/div>\n
Va kimnidir vaslin etar sarfaroz.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * * *<\/span><\/div>\n
Ba tu sayfi vujudash juzvi Qur\u02bcon,<\/span><\/div>\n
Zi har harfe zi qavmash notiqi on.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Vujudin yozi Qur\u02bcon qismi sen-chun,<\/span><\/div>\n
Va har harf qavmiga notiq tunu kun.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * * *<\/span><\/div>\n
G\u02bbubore az turobi qurbi vaslash,<\/span><\/div>\n
Karam baxshad ba Sabry, mahzi fazlash.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Na afzallik: yaqin vaslin g\u02bbubori<\/span><\/div>\n
Bu Vasliy-chun saxovat unda bori.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 * * *<\/span><\/div>\n
Muhammadun\u00a0 basharun, lo kal \u2013 bashari,<\/span><\/div>\n
Bal huva\u00a0 yoqutun baynal hajari.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Muhammad bashariyat odami, aslan boshqacha,<\/span><\/div>\n
Yoqut toshlar ichida qimmat bahosi boshqacha.<\/span><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar: <\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
    \n
  1. Arxiv KGB SM UzSSR.P \u2013 33226, tom 4.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Respondent: Pochvon mahallasida yashovchi Karimov Latif hoji.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Turdiyev Sh. Qismat. Hidoyat jurnali. 1994-yil 7-son.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. O\u02bbzbekiston tarixi telekanali. \u201cMillat fidoyilari\u201d ko\u02bbrsatuvi. 2022-yil, oktyabr.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. O\u02bbzbekiston ulamolari. Tuzuvchilar: Yo\u02bbldoshxo\u02bbjayev X., Qayumova I. \u2013 T.: Movarounnahr, 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. G\u02bbaybulloh as-Salom zamondoshlari xotirasida. \u2013 T.: Toshkent Islom universiteti nashriyoti, 2002.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    [1]<\/sup><\/a> Respondent: Pochvon mahallasida yashovchi Karimov Latif hoji.<\/span><\/div>\n
    AKBARXON ASROROV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    SamDU Urgut filiali dotsenti, <\/span>filologiya fanlari nomzodi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sabriy naqshbandiya tariqati vorisi, XX asr boshlari adabiy jarayoniga o\u02bbziga xos hissa qo\u02bbshgan, shoir, shayx va tariqat piridir. Uning ijodi haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar tor doiradagina ma\u02bclum. \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston tarixi\u201d telekanalida efirga uzatilgan \u201cMillat fidoyilari\u201d ko\u02bbrsatuvida [4] ijodkor haqida batafsil ma\u02bclumot berildi. Ko\u02bbrsatuvda Sabriy hayoti, faoliyati va adabiy merosi tilga olinib, qatag\u02bbon qurboniga aylangani qayd etildi. Bu ko\u02bbrsatuv …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nXIX ASR OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHLARIDAGI SAMARQAND MA\u02bcRIFATPARVARLIK ADABIYOTI NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRI SABRIY MUFTAQIRIY MEROSI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"XIX ASR OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHLARIDAGI SAMARQAND MA\u02bcRIFATPARVARLIK ADABIYOTI NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRI SABRIY MUFTAQIRIY MEROSI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34938&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"XIX ASR OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHLARIDAGI SAMARQAND MA\u02bcRIFATPARVARLIK ADABIYOTI NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRI SABRIY MUFTAQIRIY MEROSI - 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