{"id":34855,"date":"2024-04-16T11:52:28","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T06:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=34855"},"modified":"2024-04-16T11:52:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T06:52:28","slug":"o%ca%bbrta-osiyoda-turk-guruhi-vakillari-yashaydigan-hududlar-va-ularning-ichki-etnik-tarkibi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34855&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA \u201cTURK\u201d GURUHI VAKILLARI YASHAYDIGAN HUDUDLAR VA ULARNING ICHKI ETNIK TARKIBI"},"content":{"rendered":"

XIX asr oxiri \u2013 XX asr boshlarida O\u02bcrta Osiyo xalqlari orasida milliy mansublik tushunchasi yaxlit bo\u02bclmagan. Mintaqa aholisining bir qismi geografik omildan kelib chiqqan holda \u201ctoshkentlik\u201d, \u201cchimkentlik\u201d, \u201cfarg\u02bconalik\u201d singari nomlar bilan atalsa, boshqa bir guruh aholini esa urug\u02bc-aymoq nomi bilan atash an\u02bcanasi keng yoyilgan edi. Bu holat ko\u02bbproq O\u02bbrta Osiyoning ichki hududlarida ustuvorlik qilgan. Mintaqa xalqlari orasida \u201cmusulmon\u201d, \u201cturkiy, \u201cforsiy\u201d kabi birmuncha keng qamrovli atamalarni qo\u02bbllash bilan birga \u201cturkman\u201d, \u201cqozoq\u201d, \u201cqirg\u02bbiz\u201d, \u201cuyg\u02bbur\u201d, \u201ctojik\u201d, \u201cqoraqalpoq\u201d kabi nomlar bilan atash hollari ham mavjud edi. Mintaqa turkiy xalqlarning deyarli barchasida ichki bo\u02bblinishlarda biror etnonim ustuvorlik qilsa, forsiy tilli tojiklarda esa ko\u02bbpincha ichki bo\u02bblinishda geografik omil yetakchilik qilardi. Shunga o\u02bbxshash holat o\u02bbzbeklar orasida ham birmuncha keng tarqalgani kuzatiladi. E\u02bctiborli jihati shundaki, \u201co\u02bbzbek\u201d atamasi mintaqaning barcha turk tilli xalqlariga emas, balki Muhammad Shayboniyxon bilan keyinroq kirib kelgan kichik guruh \u2013 Dashti qipchoq turk-mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xalqlariga nisbatan ishlatilgan. O\u02bbzbeklarning 92 urug\u02bbi tarkibiga kirmagan va o\u02bbzini o\u02bbzbek hisoblamagan \u201cturk\u201d, \u201cchig\u02bbatoy\u201d va \u201cxo\u02bbja\u201d deb nomlangan urug\u02bblar guruhi ham mavjud edi. Ular mo\u02bbg\u02bbul istilosidan ancha avval mintaqaga kirib kelgan turk xalqlari edi [4:66].\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu o\u02bbrinda aytib o\u02bbtish kerakki, o\u02bbz urug\u02bbi nomini \u201cturk\u201d deb ataydigan urug\u02bblar O\u02bbrta Osiyoning bir qancha hududlarida tarqalgan bo\u02bblsa-da, ularning o\u02bbzbeklardan tashqari mintaqaning yana qaysi xalqlari tarkibida mavjudligi masalasi yetarlicha o\u02bbrganilmagan. Shuningdek, \u201cturk\u201d guruhi yashaydigan hududlar, ularning o\u02bbziga xos etnografik xususiyatlari, urf-odatlari, so\u02bbzlashuv tili, moddiy va ma\u02bcnaviy madaniyati borasida olib borilgan ilmiy izlanishlarning ko\u02bblami keng emas. XX asrda olib borilgan tadqiqotlar natijasida ularning \u201c92 o\u02bbzbek urug\u02bbi\u201ddan biri sifatida shajaralarda tilga olinmasa-da asosan o\u02bbzbekcha so\u02bbzlashishi,\u00a0 yashash joylari\u00a0 mintaqaning markaziy hududlaridagi tog\u02bb va tog\u02bboldi hududlarga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelishi aytib o\u02bbtilgan. Biroq \u201cturk\u201d guruhi vakillari qozoq, qirg\u02bbiz, qoraqalpoq, turkman, uyg\u02bbur kabi turkiy xalqlar yashaydigan hududlarda uchramasdan aynan o\u02bbzbeklar orasida saqlanib qolgani masalasi deyarli o\u02bbrganilmagan. Shu o\u02bbrinda aytib o\u02bbtish kerakki, tojiklar orasida ham kichik-kichik etnik guruhlar shaklida \u201cturk\u201d degan etnonim uchrashi, biroq ular so\u02bbnggi o\u02bbrta asrlarda o\u02bbz ona tilini unutib, \u201ctojiklashib\u201d ketgani to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida ma\u02bclumotlar uchraydi. O\u02bbrta Osiyoning boshqa turkiy xalqlar urug\u02bbchilik tizimida \u201cturk\u201d nomining uchramasligi ko\u02bbzga tashlanadi. \u201cTurk\u201d etnik guruhini aynan o\u02bbzbeklar bilan yonma-yon yashashi, madaniyati va urf-odatidagi yaqinlik kabi jihatlar o\u02bbzbek xalqi doirasida o\u02bbrganishni taqozo qiladi. 1926-yil Sobiq Ittifoqda o\u02bbtkazilgan aholini ro\u02bbyxatga olish qaydlarida O\u02bbzbekiston aholisi tarkibida \u201cturk\u201d, \u201csamarqand turki\u201d alohida tilga olingan[2:5].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTurk\u201d guruhi bo\u02bbyicha maxsus izlanishlar olib borgan taniqli etnograf B.Karmisheva XX asr boshlarida ushbu guruh vakillari yashaydigan hududlarni tahlil qilib, ularning asosan tog\u02bb va tog\u02bboldi hududlarida yashashiga urg\u02bbu bergan holda, quyidagicha hududlarga ajratgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. O\u02bbsh \u2013 Jalolobod (Qirg\u02bbiziston);<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Farg\u02bbona viloyati;<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. O\u02bbratepa (Tojikiston);<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Samarqand;<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Surxondaryo;<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Qashqadaryo;<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Hisor \u2013 Badaxshon (Tojikiston);<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Shimoliy Afg\u02bboniston.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    B.Karmisheva ushbu guruh vakillari yashaydigan hududlarning xaritasini ham tuzgan [3:6]. Shuningdek, olima \u201cturk\u201d guruhiga kiruvchi \u201cbarlos\u201d, \u201cmusobozori\u201d, \u201ckaltatoy\u201d, \u201cqarluq\u201d kabi urug\u02bblar yashaydigan hududlarga ham to\u02bbxtalib o\u02bbtgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B.Karmisheva keltirgan ma\u02bclumotlarida \u201cturk\u201d guruhi bilan bog\u02bbliq hududlarni birmuncha to\u02bbg\u02bbri aks ettirgan. Biroq u ushbu guruh vakillari ancha ko\u02bbp sonli aholi guruhi hisoblanadigan Jizzax vohasidagi \u201cZomin turklari\u201d, \u201cBaxmal turklari\u201d (yoki \u201cO\u02bbsmat turklari\u201d) haqida to\u02bbxtalib o\u02bbtmagan. Shuningdek, Zarafshon vohasining o\u02bbrta havzasidagi \u201cturk\u201d guruhi bilan bog\u02bbliq o\u02bbnlab aholi maskanlari uning tadqiqotlaridan o\u02bbrin olmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N.I.Vasilevskiy va P.I.Lexlar tadqiqotlarida O\u02bbrta Zarafshon vohasi aholisi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar keltirilgan. Ular voha aholisini ikki guruhga bo\u02bbladi: 1. Tojiklar; 2. Turklar (o\u02bbzbeklar). O\u02bbz navbatida turklarni ham quyidagi guruhlarga bo\u02bbladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. O\u02bbzbek; 2. Qoraqalpoq; 3. Turkman.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      U o\u02bbzbeklarning 92 urug\u02bbidan quyidagi 13 tasini qayd etib o\u02bbtadi: 1) Xitoy-qipchoq; 2) Qirq-ming-yuz; 3) Qang\u02bbli; 4) Nayman; 5) Ming; 6) Kenegas; 7) Mang\u02bbit; 8) Mesit, Yabo\u02bb (yobu), Tama; 9) Saroy; 10) Burkut; 11) Arlot; 12) Baxrin; 13) Batash [1:61-68].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Shuningdek, qoraqalpoq va turkmanlarning ham urug\u02bb va elatlari ro\u02bbyxatini keltirib o\u02bbtgan. Ushbu guruhlarni til jihatdan 4 guruhga bo\u02bbladi: 1) qirg\u02bbizcha; 2) qoraqalpoqcha; 3) turkmancha; 4) o\u02bbzbek yoki chig\u02bbatoy tili. O\u02bbzbek yoki chig\u02bbatoy tilini qolgan 3 tildan keskin farqlanadi deb ta\u02bckidlaydi. Ularning ma\u02bclumotlarida ham Jizzax vohasidagi alohida \u201cturk\u201d guruhi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar yo\u02bbq.<\/span><\/p>\n

      O\u02bbzbek xalqining etnogenezi va etnik tarixi ustida ko\u02bbplab tadqiqotlar olib borgan K.Shoniyozov, A.Asqarov va X.Doniyarov tadqiqotlarida ham Jizzax vohasidagi alohida \u201cturk\u201d guruhi haqida ma\u02bclumotlarni uchratmaymiz. Ularni ayrimlarida \u201cturk\u201d guruhi o\u02bbzbeklarning 92 urug\u02bbi tarkibiga kiritilgan. Xususan, \u201c\u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u201d gazetasining 1871-yil 5-apreldagi 10-sonida chop etilgan maqolada ham 92 urug\u02bb tarkibiga kiritilgan va yashagan hududi sifatida Zarafshon vohasi ko\u02bbrsatilgan. K.Shoniyozov ilmiy izlanishlarida B.Karmisheva tadqiqotlarida alohida \u201cturk\u201d guruhi sifatida qayd etib o\u02bbtgan qarluqlarni hozirgi o\u02bbzbek millatining shakllanishida eng ko\u02bbp va asosiy o\u02bbrinni egallagan urug\u02bb sifatida qayd etadi [5].<\/span><\/p>\n

      Keltirilgan ma\u02bclumotlar va tadqiqotlarni tahlil qilib aytishimiz mumkinki, Jizzax vohasidagi \u201cturk\u201d guruhini alohida tadqiq etish zarur. Ayniqsa ular yashaydigan hududlar, ularning urf-odati, an\u02bcana va qadriyatlari, madaniyatidagi o\u02bbziga xos jihatlarga e\u02bctibor qaratish talab etiladi. Zero oila va nikoh, kundalik turmush-tarzidagi ayrim jihatlar borki, bu jihatlar ularni mintaqaning boshqa turkiy xalqlaridan farqlab turadi. Shu kungacha Jizzax vohasi Ustrushonaning tarkibiy qismi sifatida B.To\u02bbychiboyevning, Turk xoqonligi davri esa Q.Almanovning dissertatsiyasi (PhD)da o\u02bbrganilgan. Biz ushbu masalada XIX asr oxiri \u2013 XX asr boshlarida Podsho Rossiyasi istilosi, Sobiq Ittifoqning qaror topishi va milliy chegaralanish o\u02bbtkazilgan davrni tadqiq etishni maqsad qildik. Zero, \u201cturk\u201d guruhi mamlakatimizning Surxondaryo, Zarafshon vohalari va Farg\u02bbona vodiysi aholisi kabi Jizzax vohasi aholisining ham ko\u02bbpchilik qismini tashkil etadi. O\u02bbz navbatida ular ham hozirgi o\u02bbzbek millatining shakllanishida muhim o\u02bbrin egallagan.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Foydalanilgan<\/strong> adabiyotlar<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041d.\u0418., \u041b\u0435\u0445 \u041f.\u0418. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u043c 6. \u2013 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433: 1880.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f., \u0422\u043e\u043c 32., \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0420. \u2013 \u041c.: 1929.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0411. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f. \u2013 \u041c.: 1960. .<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \n
        \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0411. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u2013 \u041c.: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 1976.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      5. \n
        \u0428\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u041a. \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438-\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0443\u043a\u0438. \u2013 \u0422.: 1964.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        MUZAFFAR SUVONKULOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
        Guliston davlat universiteti tayanch doktoranti<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        XIX asr oxiri \u2013 XX asr boshlarida O\u02bcrta Osiyo xalqlari orasida milliy mansublik tushunchasi yaxlit bo\u02bclmagan. Mintaqa aholisining bir qismi geografik omildan kelib chiqqan holda \u201ctoshkentlik\u201d, \u201cchimkentlik\u201d, \u201cfarg\u02bconalik\u201d singari nomlar bilan atalsa, boshqa bir guruh aholini esa urug\u02bc-aymoq nomi bilan atash an\u02bcanasi keng yoyilgan edi. Bu holat ko\u02bbproq O\u02bbrta Osiyoning ichki hududlarida ustuvorlik qilgan. Mintaqa …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34856,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbRTA OSIYODA \u201cTURK\u201d GURUHI VAKILLARI YASHAYDIGAN HUDUDLAR VA ULARNING ICHKI ETNIK TARKIBI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA \u201cTURK\u201d GURUHI VAKILLARI YASHAYDIGAN HUDUDLAR VA ULARNING ICHKI ETNIK TARKIBI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34855&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA \u201cTURK\u201d GURUHI VAKILLARI YASHAYDIGAN HUDUDLAR VA ULARNING ICHKI ETNIK TARKIBI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA \u201cTURK\u201d GURUHI VAKILLARI YASHAYDIGAN HUDUDLAR VA ULARNING ICHKI ETNIK TARKIBI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34855&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-16T06:52:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/turkk1604.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34855&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34855&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA \u201cTURK\u201d GURUHI VAKILLARI YASHAYDIGAN HUDUDLAR VA ULARNING ICHKI ETNIK TARKIBI - 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