{"id":34845,"date":"2024-04-15T17:15:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T12:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=34845"},"modified":"2024-04-15T17:18:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T12:18:35","slug":"amir-said-olimxon-shaxsiyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34845&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"AMIR SAID OLIMXON SHAXSIYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tarixda shunday shaxslar borki, ularning hayoti doimiy ravishda odamlarda qiziqish uyg\u02bbotgan. Buxoro amirligining so\u02bbnggi hukmdori Amir Said Olimxon hayoti, uning siyosiy faoliyati sovet davrida ommaga yetarlicha ochib berilmagan. U haqdagi ma\u02bclumotlar atayin bo\u02bbrttirilib, amir maishatparast, qo\u02bbrqoq, xudbin, xalq holiga befarq hukmdor sifatida talqin qilingan. Vaholanki, bu borada olib borilgan so\u02bbnggi tadqiqotlar voqelikka boshqa tomondan qarashga undamoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Said Olim To\u02bbra 1881-yil 1-yanvarda Buxoro amiri Abdulahadxon xonadonida Karmana bekligidagi Olchin saroyida dunyoga kelgan. Said Olim To\u02bbraning to\u02bbliq ismi Said Mir Muhammad Olimdir. Amir Said Olimxonni yoshligidan boshlab To\u02bbrajon deb e\u02bczozlashgan[7:509]. Onasining ismi Davlat Baxt oyim. Amir Said Olimxon oilada ikkinchi farzand edi. Otasi Amir Abdulahadxon tomonidan Amir Said Olimxonning akasi Said Mir Abdulloh taxt vorisi etib tayinlangani uchun hech kim Olim To\u02bbrani taxtga o\u02bbtirishini kutmagan[5:109].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ammo 1888-yilda akasining kutilmaganda bezgak kasalidan vafot etishi Said Olim To\u02bbraga taxt uchun yo\u02bbl ochdi. Amir Abdulahadxon o\u02bbg\u02bblining zamonaviy ta\u02bclim olishini va taxt vorisi sifatida Rossiya tomonidan e\u02bctirof etilishini xohlar edi. Buxoro amirlaridan birinchi bo\u02bblib Abdulahadxon shaxsan Rossiya imperatori bilan uchrashish amaliyotini boshlab bergan. Uning 1893-yilda tashkil etilgan ilk safari natijasida Said Mir Olim taxt vorisi sifatida e\u02bctirof etilgan[6:8].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu tariqa Rossiya imperatori Aleksandr III Said Olimxonni Buxoro amirligi taxt vorisi ekanini e\u02bclon qiladi. Amir Said Olimxon o\u02bbz davri uchun kerakli bilimlarni otasi saroyida egallagan. Uning avlodlaridan biri Sayyid Mansur Olimiy ta\u02bckidlaganidek: \u201cDiniy hamda o\u02bbsha davrda keng tarqalgan bilimlarni zamonasining olimlaridan o\u02bbrgandi\u201d[11:71].<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Said Olim To\u02bbra 13 yoshida otasi amir Abdulahadxon buyrug\u02bbi bilan harbiy ta\u02bclim olish uchun Peterburgga borib, 3-yil davomida harbiy muhandislik mutaxassisligi bo\u02bbyicha bilim oladi[8:305]. U Nikolayev kadet korpusida imperator oliy hazratlarining faxriy qorovullari vazifasini bajaradigan \u201cpajlar\u201d bo\u02bblimida o\u02bbqishni boshlaydi. Olimxon rus zodagonlari ta\u02bclim oladigan maktabga o\u02bbqishga qabul qilinadi, ammo bir muddat o\u02bbtgach, harbiy qismga olib ketiladi va u yerda harbiy tayyorgarlikdan tashqari saroy qorovuli vazifasini ham bajaradi. Bu qismni muvaffaqiyatli tamomlab, podshoning kazaklardan tashkil topgan gvardiya polkiga komandir etib tayinlanadi. Buxoro amiri bo\u02bblgach, Olimxonning o\u02bbzi xuddi Peterburgdagi kabi qo\u02bbriqchilar polkini tuzgan. Lekin bu qo\u02bbriqchilar polki Peterburgdagidek Terek kazaklaridan emas, balki amirning xizmatidagi qullardan tuzilgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimxonning ta\u02bclim olish uchun Moskvaga yuborilishi uning merosxo\u02bbr sifatida e\u02bclon qilinishi natijasidir. Rossiya tomonidan valiahdning qabul qilinishi o\u02bbsha davrda Buxoro amirligi uchun shart edi. Chunki Rossiyaning roziligini olmagan sulola a\u02bczosining amir bo\u02bblishi yoki avvalgi hukmdor tomonidan amir deb e\u02bclon qilinishi Rossiyaning Buxorodagi siyosiy, harbiy va iqtisodiy mavqei tufayli mumkin emas edi. Aynan rus hukumati 1868 va 1873-yillarda tuzilgan kelishuvlar natijasida taxt vorislarini tasdiqlar va boshqaruv ishlariga aralashardi. Chunki bu kelishuvlarga ko\u02bbra, Buxoro Rossiya himoyasini qabul qilgan edi. Tegishli kelishuvlarning hayotga tatbiq etilishi Buxoro amirligining siyosiy ahvoliga bevosita ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi. Shuningdek, ushbu shartnomalar Rossiya ta\u02bcsirining Buxoroda chuqurlashishiga yo\u02bbl ochar va imperiyaga qaramlikni yanada oshirar edi[5:110].<\/span><\/p>\n

Said Olimxonning bu maktabga yuborilishi unga g\u02bbarb va rus madaniyati bilan yaqindan tanishish imkonini berdi. Olimxon olgan ta\u02bclim uning ma\u02bcnaviy hayotiga sezilarli ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi. Darhaqiqat, Qizil Armiya Buxoroga bostirib kirganida, Olimxon saroyidan Tolstoy, Dostoyevskiy, Belinskiy va Nekrasov asarlarining topilishi uning Rossiyada olgan bilimi natijasidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Korpusdagi ta\u02bclim davrida tarbiyachi polkovnik Demin Said Olimxonning psixologik portretini ta\u02bcriflashga harakat qilgan. Buni quyidagi fikrlar isbotlaydi: \u201cSaid Mir Olim mag\u02bbrur, unga biriktirilgan amirlik amaldorlari bilan sharqona munosabatga kirishadi. Korpusdan tashrif buyurgan kadet bolalari bilan birga o\u02bbynaganda, g\u02bbolib yoki birinchi bo\u02bblsagina o\u02bbynashni istaydi\u201d[6:25].<\/span><\/p>\n

Peterburgda uch yil o\u02bbqigan Said Olimxon 1896-yil 7-mayda diplom olib otasining yoniga qaytadi. Yosh buxoroliklar partiyasi asoschilaridan biri Fitrat u haqda quyidagicha yozadi: \u201cAbdulahad o\u02bbg\u02bblining tahsilni tugatishi munosabati bilan Peterburgga borib, katta ziyofat va in\u02bcomlar bergan holda Amir Said Olim To\u02bbrani o\u02bbzining valiahdi deb e\u02bclon qildi\u201d [1:12].<\/span><\/p>\n

Said Olimxon otasidan iqtisodiy, siyosiy, savdo, davlat boshqaruvi, ichki ta\u02bclim masalalarini ikki yil davomida o\u02bbrganadi. Otasining buyrug\u02bbiga ko\u02bbra 1898-yil Buxoro amirligining Qarshi bekligiga hokim qilib tayinlanadi[9:27].<\/span><\/p>\n

Said Olimxon Qarshidagi hokimlik faoliyatini shunday eslaydi: \u201cBu ojiz bandaning Nasaf viloyatidagi hukmronligi muddati o\u02bbn ikki yil davom etdi. Bu muddat ichida mening hukumatim hamisha faqirparvar va g\u02bbaribnavozlikka intilardi, mazlumlarni zolimlardan asrab, haqni qaror toptirardi. Shunday qilib, mazkur viloyat aholisini o\u02bbzimdan xursand-u mamnun etardim. Mazkur viloyatga yaqin joyda Qashqa degan sho\u02bbx daryo oqardi. Undan kambag\u02bbal beva-bechoralarning kechib o\u02bbtishda rohati buzilib, doimo g\u02bbam-tashvishda edi. Aholining osoyishtaligini ko\u02bbzlab mazkur daryoga tosh-u temirdan bir ko\u02bbprik qurdirdim, ko\u02bbprikni esa o\u02bbz nomim bilan atadim. Shoyad faqiru fuqarolar suv kechish tashvishidan qutilib, tinch osuda yashasalar, deb o\u02bbyladim. Shu bilan yana boshqa bir qancha madrasa va ibodatxonalar qurib, bu borada anchagina yumushlarni yuzaga keltirdim\u201d [2:4].<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Said Olim To\u02bbraning Qarshidagi hokimlik davri xususida uning avlodi Sayyid Mansur Olimiy o\u02bbzining \u201cBuxoro \u2013 Turkiston beshigi\u201d risolasida quyidagicha ta\u02bckidlaydi: \u201c12-yillik hukmronlik davrida katta Qarshi nahri ustiga ko\u02bbprik qurdirdi, madrasa barpo etdi\u201d[11:71].<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Said Olim To\u02bbraning Qarshidagi faoliyati xususida Fitrat keltirgan ma\u02bclumotlar esa shunday: \u201cOlim To\u02bbra Qarshiga kelgan zahotiyoq viloyatning barcha ish, yumushlarini Usmonbek ixtiyoriga qoldirib, o\u02bbzi aysh-ishrat bilan shug\u02bbullandi. Mamlakatning ahvoli va ishlaridan shunchalik uzoq ediki, hech kim biror ish yuzasidan unga murojaat etmasdi\u201d [1:12]. Shu o\u02bbrinda birinchi o\u02bbzbek professori Abdurauf Fitratning Amir Said Olimxonga muxolifatda ekanini unutmasligimiz kerak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Said Olim To\u02bbra Qarshida 12-yil hukmronlik qiladi. Amir Abdulahadxonning sog\u02bbligi yomonlashgach, Karmanaga hokim etib tayinlanadi. Oradan 2-yil o\u02bbtgach Abdulahadxon vafoti munosabati bilan Said Olim To\u02bbra Buxoro amirligining hukmdoriga aylanadi. Bu haqda o\u02bbsha davr rus matbuotida ham e\u02bclon berilgan edi[3:57].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu tariqa Amir Said Olimxon Buxoro amirligini boshqarishga kirishdi. Xalq orasida Abdulahadxon vafotidan keyin uning o\u02bbrniga taxtga o\u02bbtirgan merosxo\u02bbr nima qiladi, degan savol tug\u02bbildi. Mamlakatda yosh amir haqida ijobiy muhit vujudga keldi va xalq uning saltanat boshqaruvini sabrsizlik bilan kuta boshladi. Amir Said Olimxon Sankt-Peterburgda rus va Yevropa sivilizatsiyalari bilan ma\u02bclum darajada tanishish imkoniga ega bo\u02bblgan shaxs edi. Shu sabab jamoatchilik va ziyolilar orasida mamlakatda islohotlar haqida fikrlar mavjud edi. Ba\u02bczi mish-mishlar ko\u02bbchalarda aylana boshladi. Go\u02bbyoki \u201camir mamlakat boshqaruvini mutlaqo yangicha uslublar bo\u02bbyicha tashkil qiladi, maktab va ta\u02bclimga ahamiyat beradi, davlat xizmatchilari va askarlarning oylik maoshlarini oshiradi, poraxo\u02bbrlikni yo\u02bbq qiladi\u201d[10:72].<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu g\u02bboyalarning shakllanishi va odamlarning shunga o\u02bbxshash umidlari boshdan kechirgan o\u02bbzgarishlar natijasidir. Abdulahad davrida Olimxon qaysidir ma\u02bcnoda bu fikrga ega bo\u02bblganlar uchun umid manbai bo\u02bblgan[5:112].<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Olimxonning Turkiyadagi G\u02bboziantep shahrida yashayotgan o\u02bbg\u02bbillaridan biri Abdulkabir Azimiy otasining shaxsiy fazilatlari haqida quyidagilarni aytgan edi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cQiblagohim 1944-yilda Kobulda olamdan o\u02bbtdilar. O\u02bbshanda men 13-14 yoshlarda edim. Menga: \u201cBolalarga qara, janoza paytida tashqariga chiqib, baqir-chaqir qilishmasin\u201d, deb topshiriq berdilar. Haramdan tashqarida katta hovli bo\u02bblardi. O\u02bbsha yerda qorilar yig\u02bbilib, Qur\u02bcon tilovat qilishardi. Otamni yuvib, o\u02bbrab, bir xonaga yotqizib qo\u02bbyishgandi. Ayollari chiqib ketgach, biz farzandlari saf tortib, birma-bir kirib, otamning qo\u02bbllari va oyoqlarini o\u02bbpib chiqdik. Otamning bosh vaziri Hoshimxon va yana bir qancha amaldorlar u yerda saf tortib turishardi. Padarimizni olib chiqishayotganda meni bir narsa hayratga soldi. Yig\u02bblamagan odamning o\u02bbzi qolmagandi. Janozaga hattoki Buxoro yahudiylari ham kelishgandi. Ular shunchalar ko\u02bbz yosh qilishar ediki, men ko\u02bbrib ko\u02bbzimga ishonmasdim. Odamlardan biri ulardan: \u201cSiz nimaga yig\u02bblaysiz?\u201d \u2013 deb so\u02bbraganida, ular: \u201cAxir u bizning podshohimiz edi\u201d, \u2013 deb javob qaytarishgandi. O\u02bbsha kuni Afg\u02bbonistonda bayroqlar yarim tushirildi, hatto, ba\u02bczi elchixonalar bayroqlari yarim tushirilgandi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulkabir Azimiy yana davom etadi: \u201c(Otam) hayotliklarida Omonulloxon otamni Pag\u02bbmonga chaqiradi. Yo\u02bblda ketayotib, Rusiya elchisining avtoulovi loyga tiqilib qolganini ko\u02bbradilar. Otam unga yordam berishni aytadilar. Keyin elchi: \u201cBu kishi kim?\u201d \u2013 deb so\u02bbraydi. \u201cBuxoro amiri\u201d, \u2013 deb javob qiladilar. U kelib, otamga tashakkur bildiradi. Padarimning haydovchilari kobullik bo\u02bblgan, u kishi: \u201cNima uchun unga yordam qildingiz?\u201d \u2013 deb so\u02bbraganlarida, otam: \u201cMen bir paytlar Rusiyada tuz-non yegan edim\u201d, \u2013deb javob bergan ekanlar. Otam ana shunday inson edilar\u201d [12].<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Said Olimxon hukmronligi davrida ta\u02bclim sohasida ham islohotlarni amalga oshirdi. U 1911-yil mart oyida \u201cTa\u02bclim to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida\u201d farmon chiqardi. Unda quyidagi vazifalar belgilangan edi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 madrasa talabalariga turli hoshiyalar o\u02bbqitil\u00admasligi, tafsir va hadis rasmiy dars sifatida o\u02bbqitilishi;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 davlat xazinasiga olingan vaqflardan yig\u02bbilgan pullarga shaharning turli yerlarida maktablar qurish va ularga muallimlar tayinlash;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 maktab muallimi olim, xushxat va xushqiroat bo\u02bblishi;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 ularga maktablarning vaqflaridan tashqari davlat xazinasidan yillik 120 rubl maosh tayinlash;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 tahsil uchun bolalardan pul olmaslik;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 maktablarga bir nozir tayinlash va u har oy maktabni taftish qilib, amirga hisobot berish[4].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagi ma\u02bclumotlar atroflicha tahlil qilinsa, Amir Said Olimxon sovet davri adabiyotlarida talqin qilinganidek maishatparast, qo\u02bbrqoq, xudbin emas, balki qaysidir ma\u02bcnoda xalq holiga befarq bo\u02bblmagan hukmdor sifatida gavdalanadi. Albatta, bu o\u02bbrinda biz amirni kamchilikdan xoli shaxs sifatida tasvirlashdan yiroqmiz. Amir Said Olimxon qahramon emas edi, ammo bu shaxsni xoin deb ham bo\u02bblmaydi. Davr, vaziyat taqozosi bilan amir Buxorodan chiqib ketsa ham bir umr vatan sog\u02bbinchi bilan yashagan. Tarixiy shaxslarning yutuqlaridan namuna, kamchiliklaridan esa saboq olgan holda xolisona o\u02bbrganishimiz kerak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Abdurauf Fitrat. Amir Olimxonning hukmronlik davri. \u2013 T.: Minhoj, 1992.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Amir Sayyid Olimxon. Buxoro xalqining hasrati tarixi. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1991.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Emir Buxarskiy \/\/ Niva, 1911, \u2116 3.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Jamolova D. \/\/ O\u02bbzbekiston tarixi, \u21162. 2017.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Nurettin Hatino\u011flu. T\u00fcrkistanda son t\u00fcrk devleti Buhara emirli\u011fi ve Alim Han. \u2013 Istanbul: \u00d6t\u00fcken, 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Qilichev O. Sayyid Mir Olimning harbiy ta\u02bclimi. \u2013 Buxoro: Durdona, 2021.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Rajabov Q. Olimxon \/\/ O\u02bbzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. Tom 6. \u2013 T.: O\u02bbzME nashriyoti, 2003.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    Rajabov Q. Turkiston tarixida o\u02bbtgan 55 buyuk siymo. \u2013 T.: Fan, 2022.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    Rajabov Q. Buxoroga kizil armiya bosqini va unga qarshi kurash: tarix haqiqati (1920-1924). \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2002.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  10. \n
    Sadriddin Ayniy. Buxoro inqilobi tarixi uchun materiallar. \u2013 M.: Sentralnoye izdatelstvo narodov SSSR, 1926.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  11. \n
    Sayyid Mansur Olimiy. Buxoro-Turkiston beshigi. \u2013 Buxoro: Buxoro, 2004.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  12. \n
    www.bbc.com\/uzbek\/news \u201cUzoqdagi yaqinlar va yo hijratdagi taqdirlar\u201d.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    MAHMUD HAMRAYEV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    NavDPI tayanch doktoranti<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tarixda shunday shaxslar borki, ularning hayoti doimiy ravishda odamlarda qiziqish uyg\u02bbotgan. Buxoro amirligining so\u02bbnggi hukmdori Amir Said Olimxon hayoti, uning siyosiy faoliyati sovet davrida ommaga yetarlicha ochib berilmagan. U haqdagi ma\u02bclumotlar atayin bo\u02bbrttirilib, amir maishatparast, qo\u02bbrqoq, xudbin, xalq holiga befarq hukmdor sifatida talqin qilingan. Vaholanki, bu borada olib borilgan so\u02bbnggi tadqiqotlar voqelikka boshqa tomondan qarashga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34850,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nAMIR SAID OLIMXON SHAXSIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"AMIR SAID OLIMXON SHAXSIYATI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34845&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AMIR SAID OLIMXON SHAXSIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AMIR SAID OLIMXON SHAXSIYATI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34845&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-15T12:15:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-15T12:18:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/amirolimxon1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"423\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34845&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34845&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"AMIR SAID OLIMXON SHAXSIYATI - 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