{"id":34748,"date":"2024-04-08T14:03:45","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T09:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=34748"},"modified":"2024-04-08T14:03:45","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T09:03:45","slug":"buxoroliklarning-turkiya-usmoniylar-saltanatidagi-madaniy-ma%ca%bcrifiy-uyushmalari-tarixi-1905-1913-yillar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34748&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"BUXOROLIKLARNING TURKIYA (USMONIYLAR SALTANATI)DAGI MADANIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY UYUSHMALARI TARIXI (1905-1913-YILLAR)"},"content":{"rendered":"

XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshlarida Buxoro amirligidagi taraqqiyparvarlik harakati a\u02bczolari va tarafdorlarining Turkiyadagi \u201cYosh turklar\u201d bilan munosabatlari yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyildi. Natijada Buxoro yoshlarining Istanbulga intilishi kuchaydi. Istanbul \u2013 Buxoro\u00a0 o\u02bbrtasidagi azaliy munosabatlar va savdo aloqalari tufayli Turkiyada buxoroliklar ham ko\u02bbpchilikni tashkil etar edi. Ayniqsa, Istanbul\u00a0 XX asr boshlarida Yevropa ilm fani va madaniyatini o\u02bbrganish va targ\u02bbib qilishning Sharq dunyosidagi muhim markaziga aylandi. Shuning uchun Istanbulda Buxoro fuqarolarining\u00a0 milliy uyushmalari vujudga kelgani tabiiy jarayon edi. 1905-yilda ushbu shaharda buxoroliklarining ikkita milliy\u00a0 uyushmasi, ya\u02bcni \u201cBuxoro maorifi nashri\u201d hamda \u201cFan va ilmni targ\u02bbib qilish Buxoro jamiyati\u201d ish olib borgan. Amirlikdan bu mamlakatga doimiy vakil qilib Abdulhamid Abdurahmon afandi yuborilgan. Jamiyatni moddiy jihatdan qo\u02bbllashda sarmoyador buxoroliklar muhim rol o\u02bbynagan [2: 163-165].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu shaxslar va 1905-yilda haj ziyoratidan qayta turib Istanbulda o\u02bbrnashib qolgan Nurali Hasanov va o\u02bbg\u02bbli G\u02bbiyos Hasanovlarning savdo do\u02bbkonlari, tegirmonlari hamda boshqa ko\u02bbchmas mulklari bo\u02bblgan. Bu mulklar Istan\u00adbul o\u02bbquv yurtlarida buxoroliklarning tahsil olishi uchun vaqf qilingani arxiv hujjatlaridan ma\u02bclum. Buxoro\u00adning Turkiyadagi agentlari Mukammaliddin Maxsum Burxonov va Muhar Burxonov homiyligida 1909-1910-yillarda 15 ta, 1911-1912-yillarda yuqorida nomlari keltirilgan uyushmalar orqali 30 nafar buxorolik yoshlar Istanbulda tahsil olgan [1:199; 22].<\/span><\/p>\n

XX asr boshlarida Buxoro amirligi markazi Buxoro shahrida 7 ming nafar turk, 4 ming sonli afg\u02bbon istiqomat qilgan [3: 200-201]. Ushbu fuqarolarning Turkiyadagi buxorolik talaba va o\u02bbquvchilari bilan o\u02bbzaro aloqalari mavjud bo\u02bblganini arxiv hujjatlari tasdiqlaydi. Turkistonliklar va Buxoro ijtimoiy-madaniy hayotida 1909-yil dekabr oyida Istanbulda ochilgan \u201cBuxoroda barcha kishilar orasida foydali ilmlarni tarqatishning baxtli jamiyati\u201d uyushmasini ham o\u02bbziga xos o\u02bbrni bor. Ushbu jamiyatning qarorgohi Istanbul shahridagi Vazirxon ko\u02bbchasida joylashgan bo\u02bblib, maqsadi va vazifalarini belgilab bergan Nizomi qabul qilingan edi. Jamiyatning Nizomi oradan ko\u02bbp vaqt o\u02bbtmay, TRQB[1]<\/sup><\/a> boshlig\u02bbiga 10 nusxada taqdim etilgan. Rossiya imperiyasining Turkistondagi maxfiy idorasi ushbu jamiyat faoliyatidan tezda xabardor bo\u02bblib, unga xayrixoh bo\u02bblgan \u201cpanislomchi\u201d va \u201cpanturkistlar\u201dni Buxoro amirligi hamda Turkiston o\u02bblkasidan izlay boshlagan. Bu haqda Turkiston general-gubernatorlik devonxonasi bilan TRQB o\u02bbrtasidagi o\u02bbzaro yozishmalar xabar beradi [5:16].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBuxoroda barcha kishilar orasida foydali ilmlarni tarqatish baxtli jamiyati\u201d Nizomi ilova qismidan tashqari 17 banddan iborat bo\u02bblib, uning a\u02bczolari haqiqiy a\u02bczolar va muxbir (korrespondent) a\u02bczolardan iborat edi. Haqiqiy a\u02bczolar orasidan 14 kishidan iborat Boshqaruv kengashi saylangan. Jamiyatga a\u02bczo bo\u02bblib kiradiganlar birdaniga 2 Usmon lirasi miqdorida a\u02bczolik badali va har oyda 10 piastra badal to\u02bblagan. Agar a\u02bczolardan kimki uch oyda ketma-ket oylik badalini to\u02bblamasa, bunday shaxs jamiyat a\u02bczoligidan chiqarilgan. Muxbir a\u02bczolar tarkibiga kirish uchun esa 120 piastra (turk puli) badal to\u02bblangan. Agar\u00a0 jamiyatga o\u02bbquvchilar a\u02bczo bo\u02bblib kirsa, 100\/3 qism yillik badalni to\u02bblagan. Agar ular ishonchga kirib ulgurmagan bo\u02bblsa, 120 piastra badal to\u02bblagan [5:17].<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamiyatning favqulodda yig\u02bbilishi 1-yilda bir bor chaqirilgan, umumiy yig\u02bbilish 3 oyda bir marta o\u02bbtkazilgan. Kengash yig\u02bbilishlari esa joriy masalalarni hal qilish uchun har haftada bir bor chaqirilgan [5:7].<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamiyat Kengashida eng muhim qarorlar 14 nafar kengash a\u02bczolaridan 10 nafari bir fikrga kelganda qabul qilingan. Turkistondan Istanbulga safar qilgan, jamiyatga a\u02bczo va xayrxoh shaxslar safar xarajatlari uyushma mablag\u02bblaridan to\u02bblangan. Jamiyat Istanbulda yangi usul (usuli savtiya) maktablari uchun o\u02bbquv qo\u02bbllanma, darsliklar chop etish, kitoblar xarid qilish, turkistonlik va buxorolik yoshlar orasidan Turkiyada o\u02bbqitish uchun talabalar tanlash va ularni o\u02bbqitish bilan shug\u02bbullangan [4:18].<\/span><\/p>\n

Har bir shahardagi 30 nafar jamiyat a\u02bczosi bir nafar o\u02bbquvchini o\u02bbqishga yuborishi, qaysi shaharda a\u02bczolar soni 30 dan ortiq bo\u02bblsa, unga bir nafar ko\u02bbp talaba yuborish vakolati berilgan. Jamiyat mablag\u02bblari unga a\u02bczo bo\u02bblgan Turkiya,Turkiston va Buxoro amirligidagi shaxslar to\u02bblagan badallardan, boy-badavlat yer egalari, vaqf mulklari sarmoyadorlaridan va savobtalab insonlar bergan yordam hisobidan to\u02bbplangan. Istanbulda Buxoro va Turkiston o\u02bblkasi shaharlaridan do\u02bbkon, tegirmon, vaqf qilingan mulklar egalari bo\u02bblgan boy-badavlat sarmoyadorlar anchagina edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arxiv ma\u02bclumotlariga ko\u02bbra, XX asr boshida Istanbulda 15-20 ta buxorolik tijorat va yer-mulk egalari ushbu jamiyatni moddiy qo\u02bbllab turgan [7].<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbquvchi va talabalarni tanlab o\u02bbqitishda ularga bir qator talablar qo\u02bbyilgan. Birinchidan, savodi chiqqan va yozishni bilishi, ikkinchidan, mustahkam va kuchli e\u02bctiqodga ega bo\u02bblish, uchinchidan, yoshi 10-15 yoshdan katta bo\u02bblmasligi\u00a0 shart qilib qo\u02bbyilgan. Biroq badavlat sarmoyador shaxslarning bolalari 10 yoshdan kichik bo\u02bblsa ham (7-9 yosh oralig\u02bbida) o\u02bbqishga qabul qilinardi. Sarmoyador shaxslarga ikki oy davomida farzandlaridan xabar olish, ular xarajatini shaxsiy hisobidan qoplash majburiyati ham yuklangan. O\u02bbquvchi bolalarning rasmiy hujjatlari, guvohnoma va pasportlari o\u02bbqish muddati tugagunga qadar jamiyatda saqlangan. Jamiyat\u00a0 boshqa tashkilotlar va davlat ixtiyoridagi uyushmalar bilan deyarli aloqa qilmagan. Har yili (1909-1913-yillar) jamiyat hisobidan Istanbulda tahsil olgan\u00a0 o\u02bbquvchi va talabalar 15-20 tadan oshmagan [6:21].<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamiyat o\u02bbqishni tugatgan yoshlar taqdiri bilan ham qiziqib, ularni ishga joylashtirish chora-tadbirlarini ham ko\u02bbrgan. Sobiq o\u02bbquvchilardan qay biri ko\u02bbpchilik qaroriga qarshi chiqib, o\u02bbzboshimchalik qilsa, undan jamiyat o\u02bbqishi uchun qilgan xarajatlarni qaytarish talab qilingan. Ushbu jihat jamiyat Nizomining ilova qismi 4-bandida alohida qayd etib qo\u02bbyilgan [6:21].<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamiyat xarajatlari yildan-yilga oshib borgani uchun ayrim o\u02bbquvchilarning boy-badavlat qarindoshlaridan ortiqcha xarajatlarni qoplash uchun har yili 50 rubl mablag\u02bb talab qilingan. Jamiyatning kutubxonasi bo\u02bblib, unda kitob, risola turli sohaga oid traktatlar mavjud edi. Kutubxona kitob fondidan jamiyat a\u02bczolari, o\u02bbquvchi va talabalar birdek, ya\u02bcni tekin foydalangan [6:23].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBuxoroda barcha kishilar orasida foydali ilmlarni tarqatishning baxtli jamiyati\u201d a\u02bczolarining soni, uning ta\u02bcsischi va tashabbuskorlari haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni manbalarda uchratmadik. Ehtimol, bu kabi milliy vatanparvarlar jamiyatlari imperiya ma\u02bcmurlari tomonidan qat\u02bciy nazoratga olinishi tufayli ta\u02bcsischilar o\u02bbz ism-sharifini sir tutgan yoxud asl nomini o\u02bbzgartirishga majbur bo\u02bblgan. Usmoniylar saltanati poytaxti Istanbuldagi Rossiya elchixonasi turkistonliklar xatti-harakatini\u00a0 sinchkovlik bilan kuzatib, ular haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni Sankt-Peterburg, Toshkent, Yangi Buxoro, Petro-Aleksandrovskiyga muntazam yetkazib turgan. Chunki, bu kabi milliy uyushmalar faoliyati imperiya manfaatlariga zid bo\u02bblib, ular milliy g\u02bburur va ruhni uyg\u02bbotishga xizmat qilar, tub joy aholi savodxonligi uchun kurash olib borar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
    \n
  1. O\u02bbMA. I-3 fond. 1-ro\u02bbyxat. 1168-yig\u02bbma jild. 199-varaq. Hayitov Sh. O\u02bbzbek muhojirligi tarixi (1917-1991-yillar). Abu-matbuot konsalt, 2008. \u2013 B. 22.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. O\u02bbMA. I-3 fond. 1-ro\u02bbyxat. 1168-yig\u02bbma jild. 163-165-varaqlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. O\u02bbMA. I-3 fond. 1-ro\u02bbyxat. 1168-yig\u02bbma jild. 200-201-varaqlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. O\u02bbMA. I-461-fond. 1-ro\u02bbyxat. 942-yig\u02bbma jild.18-varaq.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. O\u02bbMA. I-461-fond. 1-ro\u02bbyxat. 949-yig\u02bbma jild. 16-varaq.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. O\u02bbMA. I-461-fond. 1-ro\u02bbyxat. 949-yig\u02bbma jild 21-varaq.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Hayitov Sh.A. Buxoroliklarning xorijdagi tashkilot va uyushmalari. \/\/ Iz Istorii kulturnogo naslediya Buxar\u044b (2 v\u044bpusk). Izd. Buxara, 2008. \u2013 S.71-74.; Shu muallif: Buxoroliklarning xorijdagi mulklari va vorisiylik huquqi masalasiga doir (XIX asr oxiri – XX asr boshlari) \/\/ Buxoro davlat universiteti ilmiy axboroti. 2012. 3-son. \u2013 B. 35-39. Shu muallif: Buxoro amirligidan Istanbul va muqaddas shaharlarga vaqf qilingan mulklar \/\/BuxDU ilmiy axboroti. 2008. 2-son. \u2013 B. 47-50.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    \u00a0<\/div>\n
    [1]<\/sup><\/a> TRQB (Turkiston rayon qo\u02bbriqlash bo\u02bblimi, Oxranka, Maxsus idora, maxfiy ma\u02bclumotlar to\u02bbplash uchun tuzilgan idora)<\/span><\/div>\n
    ZOKIR TOG\u02bbAYEV<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    NavDPI tadqiqotchisi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshlarida Buxoro amirligidagi taraqqiyparvarlik harakati a\u02bczolari va tarafdorlarining Turkiyadagi \u201cYosh turklar\u201d bilan munosabatlari yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyildi. Natijada Buxoro yoshlarining Istanbulga intilishi kuchaydi. Istanbul \u2013 Buxoro\u00a0 o\u02bbrtasidagi azaliy munosabatlar va savdo aloqalari tufayli Turkiyada buxoroliklar ham ko\u02bbpchilikni tashkil etar edi. Ayniqsa, Istanbul\u00a0 XX asr boshlarida Yevropa ilm fani va madaniyatini o\u02bbrganish va …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34749,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nBUXOROLIKLARNING TURKIYA (USMONIYLAR SALTANATI)DAGI MADANIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY UYUSHMALARI TARIXI (1905-1913-YILLAR) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BUXOROLIKLARNING TURKIYA (USMONIYLAR SALTANATI)DAGI MADANIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY UYUSHMALARI TARIXI (1905-1913-YILLAR)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34748&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BUXOROLIKLARNING TURKIYA (USMONIYLAR SALTANATI)DAGI MADANIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY UYUSHMALARI TARIXI (1905-1913-YILLAR) - 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