{"id":34088,"date":"2024-02-26T11:56:05","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T06:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=34088"},"modified":"2024-02-26T11:56:05","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T06:56:05","slug":"o%ca%bbzbekiston-va-turkiya-o%ca%bbrtasidagi-aloqalarning-rivojlanish-tarixi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34088&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbZBEKISTON VA TURKIYA O\u02bbRTASIDAGI ALOQALARNING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI"},"content":{"rendered":"

XX asrning 90-yillari boshida dunyoda sodir bo\u02bblgan geosiyosiy o\u02bbzgarishlar natijasida Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasida bir qator mustaqil davlatlar tashkil topdi. Mustaqil davlatlar o\u02bbrtasidagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy sohalardagi o\u02bbzaro hamkorlik hamda xalqaro maydonda O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi o\u02bbz milliy manfaatlarini himoya qilishida, eng avvalo, Yevropa va Osiyo mintaqasidagi rivojlangan davlatlar bilan o\u02bbzaro manfaatli aloqalar o\u02bbrnatishni taqozo etdi. Mustaqillik yillarida O\u02bbzbekistonning tashkiliy va huquqiy asoslari yaratildi hamda nufuzli xalqaro tashkilotlar, dunyoning turli mamlakatlari bilan barcha sohalarda o\u02bbzaro manfaatli aloqalar yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilib, qator ijobiy natijalarni qo\u02bblga kiritildi. Xususan, O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya o\u02bbrtasida o\u02bbzaro hamkorlik aloqalari ham ikki mamlakat manfaatiga xizmat qildi. Ta\u02bckidlash kerakki, Turkiya o\u02bbz taraqqiyot yo\u02bbliga ega bo\u02bblgan, Osiyo va Yevropa qit\u02bcalari tutashgan, iqtisodiy va geostrategik qulay joyda joylashgan davlat hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, \u201cbiz uchun yaqin do\u02bbst va iqtisodiy sherik bo\u02bblgan Turkiya O\u02bbzbekiston mustaqilligini birinchilardan bo\u02bblib tan olgani\u201dni[1:390] ham e\u02bctirof etish o\u02bbrinlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekistonning jahon hamjamiyatiga integratsiyalashuvi, xalqaro munosabatlar tizimida munosib o\u02bbrin egallashi, o\u02bbz manfaatlarini siyosiy, iqtisodiy, ilmiy-texnikaviy, ijtimoiy-madaniy sohalarda samarali amalga oshirishi bilan belgilanadi. Shunga asosan, O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya hamkorligida yangi bosqich yuzaga keldi, desak mubolag\u02bba bo\u02bblmaydi. O\u02bbzaro munosabatlardagi ratsional yondashuvlar ikki mamlakat tashqi siyosatida yangi sahifa ochilishiga zamin yaratdi.\u00a0 Prezident Shavkat Mirziyoyevning 2017-yil 25-oktyabrdagi Anqaraga rasmiy tashrifi Turkiyaning O\u02bbzbekiston bilan munosabatlarida yangi pog\u02bbona ochdi. O\u02bbzbekiston bilan Turkiya hukumati o\u02bbrtasida davlatlararo munosabatlarning asoslari va maqsadlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida shartnoma, konsullik vakolatxonalari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida protokol, savdo-iqtisodiy hamkorlik to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida bitim, madaniyat, fan, ta\u02bclim, sog\u02bbliqni saqlash va turizm sohalarida o\u02bbzaro hamkorlik haqida protokollar va boshqa normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar imzolandi. Shu nuqtayi nazardan, O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya o\u02bbrtasidagi iqtisodiy va madaniy aloqalarni ilmiy tadqiq etish bugungi kunda dolzarb masalalardan biridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mustaqillik yillarida O\u02bbzbekistonda xalqaro munosabatlar tarixi bo\u02bbyicha ko\u02bbplab tadqiqotlar olib borildi. O\u02bbzbekiston-Turkiya munosabatlari tarixchilar, siyosatchilar diqqat markazida turgan dolzarb mavzulardan biri bo\u02bbldi. Qisqa muddat ichida O\u02bbzbekistonda xalqaro munosabatlarga oid bir nechta yirik asarlar yaratildi. A.Alimov, E.Nuriddinov, A.Qirg\u02bbizboyev, Ch.Ko\u02bbcharov, M.Rahimov, Q.Rajabov, X.Bekmuratov va boshqa olimlarning asarlari[2] shular jumlasidandir. Mazkur asarlar orasida Q.Rajabov va X.Bekmuratovning hammualliflikda yaratgan monografiyasi mavzu doirasida diqqatga sazovordir. Unda O\u02bbzbekiston-Turkiya hamkorligining uzoq yillik tarixi, mustaqillikning dastlabki yillarida bu ikki davlat munosabatlarining yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilishi hamda iqtisodiy va madaniy sohadagi aloqalari tahlil etilishi bilan e\u02bctiborlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiya ham dunyo hamjamiyatida o\u02bbz taraqqiyot yo\u02bbliga ega bo\u02bblgan, XX asr so\u02bbnggi choragida demokratiya, ijtimoiy adolat kabi tamoyillar asosida o\u02bbzining tashqi siyosiy faoliyatini yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbygan davlatdir. Turkiya o\u02bbzining \u201cTurk modeli\u201dni bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida mohirona qo\u02bbllab, o\u02bbziga xos taraqqiyot yo\u02bblini ishlab chiqdi[5:14]. Natijada iqtisodiy islohotlar\u00a0 samara berib, dunyodagi rivojlangan davlatlar qatoridan joy oldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1991-yilda Turkiya prezidenti Turgut O\u02bbzalning SSSRga diplomatik tashrifi nafaqat Moskvani, balki Ozarbayjon, Qozog\u02bbiston va boshqa ittifoq respublikalarning diqqat markazida bo\u02bbldi[9:134]. Ushbu tashriflar sobiq Sovet Ittifoqi janubida yangi paydo bo\u02bblgan respublikalarga nisbatan Turkiyaning qiziqishi ortib borayotganini ko\u02bbrsatdi. 1991-yil 8-dekabrda MDH (Mustaqil davlatlar hamdo\u02bbstligi) tuzildi va Turkiya yangi mustaqil respublikalarni tan olgan birinchi davlat bo\u02bbldi[3:45]. Bu esa o\u02bbz navbatida Markaziy Osiyo davlatlarining Turkiya orqali Yevropa mamlakatlari bilan aloqa o\u02bbrnatishi uchun keng imkoniyat ochdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya davlatlari o\u02bbrtasidagi hamkorlik aloqalarning rivojlanishini uch bosqichga bo\u02bblib tahlil qilish mumkin: 1-bosqich: 1991\u20131999-yillar, 2-bosqich: 2000-2016-yillar, 3-bosqich: 2016-yildan boshlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinchi bosqich.<\/strong> 1991\u20131999-yillarda ikki mamlakat o\u02bbrtasida turli sohalarda hamkorlik yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyildi va ikki tomonlama o\u02bbzaro manfaatli shartnoma va bitimlar imzolandi. Ammo Turkiyaning ba\u02bczi tijorat shirkatlari shartnoma shartlarini bajarmaganliklari hamda O\u02bbzbekistonda faoliyat yuritgan o\u02bbzbek-turk litseylarining diniy-siyosiy terrorchilik tashkilotlarga aloqadorligi kabi sabablar tufayli ikki davlat munosabatlari sustlashdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchi bosqich.<\/strong> 2000\u20132016-yillarda O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya munosabatlari turli ko\u02bbrinishlarda namoyon bo\u02bbldi. Masalan, ushbu yillarda Turkiya hukumat rahbarlari tomonidan rasmiy tashriflar amalga oshirilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, asosan xalqaro doiradagi anjumanlarda uchrashdilar. Bu davrda O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya o\u02bbrtasidagi diplomatik va siyosiy munosabatlarda chekinish ko\u02bbzga tashlanadi. Savdo, tranzit va boshqa iqtisodiy munosabatlar saqlangan bo\u02bblsa-da, boshqa sohalardagi aloqalar pasaygani hamda tizimli bo\u02bblmaganini ko\u02bbrsatdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uchinchi bosqich.<\/strong> 2016 va undan keyingi yillarda ikki davlat rahbarlari o\u02bbrtasidagi muntazam uchrashuvlar va amalga oshirilgan davlat tashriflari natijasida barcha sohalarda yangi \u201cstrategik hamkorlik\u201d yuqori darajaga ko\u02bbtarildi. O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya Prezidentlarining davlatlararo rasmiy uchrashuvlari va davlat tashriflari 1991-yilning oxirlaridan boshlandi. Mazkur yilning 16\u201319-dekabr kunlari O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi birinchi Prezidenti I.Karimovning Turkiyaga rasmiy tashrifi davomida \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi va Turkiya Respublikasi o\u02bbrtasidagi aloqalarning asoslari va maqsadlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida shartnoma\u201d, \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi va Turkiya Respublikasi o\u02bbrtasida iqtisodiy va savdo hamkorligi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida bitim\u201d, \u201cahdlashuv protokoli\u201d kabi hujjatlarni[4] imzolanishi bu boradagi ilk qadam bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1992-yil 28-aprelda Turkiya Bosh vaziri S.Demirelning O\u02bbzbekistonga tashrif buyurishi ikki davlat o\u02bbrtasida munosabatlarning rivojlanishida katta voqea bo\u02bbldi. 1992-yil 28-aprelda Toshkent shahrida Turkiya Respublikasining elchixonasi ochildi[11]. Shuningdek, O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasining Anqaradagi elchixonasi 1993-yil yanvardan o\u02bbz faoliyatini boshladi[8]. Ikki davlat elchixonalarining ochilishi o\u02bbzaro siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy aloqalarni jadallashtirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1992-yil 29-iyun \u2013 1-iyul kunlari O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasining birinchi Prezidenti I.Karimov Turkiyaga tashrif buyurdi[12]. Shuningdek, I.Karimov 1994-yil iyun va 1997- yil noyabr oylarida ham Turkiyaga rasmiy tashrif buyurdi va 1998-yil oktyabrda Turkiya Respublikasining 75 yilligiga bag\u02bbishlangan tantanalarda ishtirok etdi[16] . Shu tariqa ikki davlat o\u02bbrtasida katta tantanalar, festival va ilmiy anjumanlarni hamkorlikda o\u02bbtkazish an\u02bcanaga aylandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbz navbatida Turkiya Prezidenti S.Demirel esa 1996-yili 7-mayda O\u02bbzbekistonga rasmiy tashrif buyurdi[6] . Mazkur yilning oktyabr oyida Prezident S.Demirel O\u02bbzbekistonda o\u02bbtkazilgan turkiy tilli davlatlar rahbarlarining oliy darajadagi IV uchrashuvida va Amir Temurning 660 yilligiga bag\u02bbishlangan tadbirlarda ishtirok etdi[21].<\/span><\/p>\n

Umuman, ikki davlat o\u02bbrtasidagi munosabatlarning huquqiy asosini ikki davlat o\u02bbrtasida 1996-yilda tuzilgan \u201cAbadiy do\u02bbstlik va hamkorlik to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida\u201dgi shartnoma hamda siyosiy, savdo-iqtisodiy, ilmiy-texnikaviy, terrorizmga va giyohvand moddalar bilan noqonuniy savdo qilishga qarshi kurash, sog\u02bbliqni saqlash, transport, turizm, madaniyat va boshqa sohalarda imzolangan 70 dan ortiq hujjatlar tashkil etdi[17].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiya davlat rahbarlari O\u02bbzbekistonga tez-tez tashrif buyurib, davlatlar o\u02bbrtasidagi hamkorlik aloqalarini kengaytirib bordi. Turkiya Prezidenti S.Demirel 1999-yil 15-martda O\u02bbzbekistonga rasmiy tashrif bilan keldi[20]. Tashrif davomida Samarqand shahridagi buyuk hadisshunos Imom al-Buxoriy majmuasini ziyorat qilar ekan, o\u02bbtgan yili allomaning 1225 yilligi munosabati bilan amalga oshirilgan bunyodkorlik ishlari bilan tanishib, Imom al-Buxoriy va Bahouddin Naqshbandiy majmualariga 5 ming AQSh dollari\u00addan mablag\u02bb taqdim qildi. Shuningdek, Turkiya Prezidenti S.Demirel va O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti I.Karimov Samarqanddagi \u201cSamKochavto\u201d qo\u02bbshma korxonasining ochilish marosimida ishtirok etdi[19]. Ushbu zavodni ishga tushirilishi O\u02bbzbekistonning iqtisodiy salohiyati oshishiga hamda avtobus va yuk avtomobillari ishlab chiqaruvchi davlatlar qatoridan o\u02bbrin olishiga xizmat qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya Respublikalari hamkorlik aloqalari rivojlanishining ikkinchi bosqichida (2000-2016 y.) Turkiya hukumati rahbarlari tomonidan rasmiy tashriflar amalga oshirilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, asosan ikki mamlakat rahbarlari xalqaro doiradagi anjumanlarda uchrashib turdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ammo turli omillar tufayli O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya o\u02bbrtasidagi siyosiy hamkorlikda chekinish ko\u02bbzga tashlandi. Ikki davlat o\u02bbrtasidagi sust aloqalar 2008-2013-yillarga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi. Savdo, tranzit va boshqa iqtisodiy munosabatlar barqaror saqlangan bo\u02bblsa-da, diplomatik va siyosiy aloqalar to\u02bbxtab qolgan edi. Bunga sabab qilib quyidagi omillarni keltirishimiz mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

1). O\u02bbzbekistonda valyuta konvertatsiyasida muammolarning mavjudligi. O\u02bbzbekiston-Turkiya qo\u02bbshma korxonalar ishchilari hamda o\u02bbzbek-turk litseylari o\u02bbqituvchilari oylik maoshlarini to\u02bblashdagi muammolar, viza olish, aviachiptalar, tibbiy xizmat ko\u02bbrsatish kabi muammolar.<\/span><\/p>\n

2). Ba\u02bczi Turk shirkatlarining xalqaro diniy-siyosiy terrorchilik tashkilotlarga aloqadorligi, xususan, \u201cNurchilar\u201d (Turkiyada XX asr birinchi yarmida paydo bo\u02bblgan va asosan Turkiya va boshqa davlatlar ichki boshqaruv tizimiga joylashib olib, davlatni qayta tuzishni maqsad qilib qo\u02bbygan, maxfiylik va tovlamachilik ustiga qurilgan yangi avlod terrorchi tashkilot hisoblangan. Yetakchisi Fathullah Gulen bo\u02bblib, 1970-yildan xususiy maktablar ochib, yoshlar\u00adning ongiga o\u02bbzining salbiy g\u02bboyalari bilan ta\u02bcsir o\u02bbtkazishga harakat qilgan. Bugungi kunda faoliyati to\u02bbxtatilgan) bilan aloqadorlikda gumon qilinishi, ularning\u00a0 O\u02bbzbekistonga taqiqlangan adabiyotlarni olib kirishga bo\u02bblgan urinishlari ikki davlat munosabatlariga\u00a0 salbiy ta\u02bcsirini ko\u02bbrsatdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) O\u02bbzbekistonda bunyod etilgan qator o\u02bbzbek-turk qo\u02bbshma korxonalar faoliyatini yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyishda turkiyalik ishbilarmonlar tuzilgan shartnoma shartlariga amal qilmagan. Masalan, 2008-yilda Toshkentdagi \u201cTurkuaz\u201d[15] savdo markazlari yopilishiga hamda qo\u02bbshma korxonaga Turkiyadan keltirilgan texnik jihozlarning eskirganligi va sifatsizligi kabi omillar sabab bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikki davlat rahbarlarining xalqaro anjumanlar doirasidagi uchrashuvlari ikki davlat munosabatlarining qayta tiklanishiga asos bo\u02bbldi. 2014-yil 7-fevral kuni O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasining birinchi Prezidenti Islom Karimov Sochi (Rossiya) shahrida XXII qishki Olimpiya o\u02bbyinlarining ochilish marosimiga tashrifi doirasida Turkiya Prezidenti Rejep Tayyip Erdog\u02bban bilan uchrashuvi bo\u02bblib o\u02bbtdi[18]. Shuningdek, Islom Karimov va Rejep Tayyip Erdog\u02bban bir yilda bir marta tashqi ishlar vazirligi darajasida hamda davlat rahbarlari darajasida uchrashuvlar o\u02bbtkazib turishga kelishib olindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya Respublikalari hamkorlik aloqalarining uchinchi bosqichi 2016 va undan keyingi yillarga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelib, O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.Mirziyoyev va Turkiya Prezidenti Rejep Tayyip Erdog\u02bban o\u02bbrtasidagi muntazam uchrashuvlar ikki davlat munosabatlarini yangi darajaga olib chiqdi. \u201cO\u02bbrtamizda ishonchsizlik va sovuqchilik davrlari bo\u02bblgan edi, lekin biz birlashib, ushbu muzlarni eritdik va bu sovuqchilik endi hech qachon qaytmaydi\u201d[7], deb ta\u02bckidladi Sh.Mirziyoyev.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xususan, ikki davlat rahbarlari 2016-yil noyabr oyida Rejep Tayyip Erdog\u02bbanning Samarqandga tashrifi chog\u02bbida va 2017-yil may oyida Pekinda bo\u02bblib o\u02bbtgan \u201cBir makon, bir yo\u02bbl\u201d anjumani, shuningdek, sentyabr oyida Qozog\u02bbistonda o\u02bbtgan Islom hamkorlik tashkilotining fan va texnologiyalar bo\u02bbyicha birinchi sammiti doirasida ham uchrashdi[10].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiya Respublikasi Prezidenti R.Erdog\u02bban 2016-yil 17-18 noyabr kunlari Samarqand shahriga tashrif buyurib, O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasining birinchi Prezidenti I.Karimov qabrini ziyorat qildi. Samarqand shahridagi forumlar majmuasida O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti vazifasini bajaruvchi Sh.Mirziyoyev bilan Turkiya Respublikasi Prezidenti R.Erdog\u02bban o\u02bbrtasida muzokaralar bo\u02bblib o\u02bbtdi [14:4]. Savdo-iqtisodiy hamkorlik masalalari haqida kelishib olindi. 2015-yil yakunida o\u02bbzaro savdo hajmi 1,2 milliard AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jahon ommaviy axborot vositalarida ikki davlat o\u02bbrtasidagi aloqalar doimiy ravishda yuqori baholanib kelindi. Masalan, Turkiyadagi nufuzli \u201cTurcomoney\u201d nashrining yillik reytingida O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.Mirziyoyev \u201cYilning xorijiy davlat arbobi\u201d deya e\u02bctirof etildi. Bu haqda Istanbul shahrida Turkiya Buyuk millat Majlisi raisi Binali Yildirim, Istanbul shahri hokimi Mevlyut Uysal, mamlakat hukumati parlamenti, jamoatchilik va ishbilarmon doira vakillari ishtirokida o\u02bbtkazilgan tantanali marosimda e\u02bclon qilindi [13].<\/span><\/p>\n

Umuman olganda, O\u02bbzbekistonning Turkiya tomonidan tan olinishi davlatlar hamkorligini yangi pog\u02bbonaga ko\u02bbtardi. Turli davrlarda O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya davlat rahbarlarining uchrashuvlarida davlat va jamiyat hayotining eng dolzarb yo\u02bbnalishlari bo\u02bbyicha masalalar muhokama etilib, aniq strategik maqsadlar asosida bitim va shartnomalar imzolanib, amaliyotga joriy etildi. Ayniqsa, O\u02bbzbekiston-Turkiya hamkorligi Markaziy Osiyoda siyosiy va iqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta\u02bcminlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosalar:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya o\u02bbrtasidagi o\u02bbzaro diplomatik aloqalarni o\u02bbrganish asosida quyidagi xulosalarni bildirish mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Turkiya dunyoda rivojlangan davlatlardan biri sifatida O\u02bbzbekiston mustaqilligini tan olgan ilk davlatlardan biri sifatida amaliy va konstruktiv muloqotni yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbydi;<\/span><\/p>\n

– O\u02bbzbekiston va Turkiya aloqalarini o\u02bbrnatishda avvalo hamkorlikning huquqiy asoslarini shakllantirishga ahamiyat qaratildi. Ikki davlat Prezidentlarining davlatlararo rasmiy uchrashuvlari, davlat tashriflari va yuqori darajadagi siyosiy muloqotlarida barcha sohalarda bitimlar imzolandi va ushbu hujjatlar asosida uning huquqiy asoslari shakllantirildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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  1. \n
    \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0451\u0435\u0432 \u0428. \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u049b\u049b\u0438\u0451\u0442 \u0439\u045e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u049b\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0431, \u044f\u043d\u0433\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0441\u049b\u0438\u0447\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u045e\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0437. \u2013 \u0422.: \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d, 2017.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u0410\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d: \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435. \u2013 \u0422.: \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d, 1992. \u2013 \u0411. 72.; \u041d\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u042d. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b. \u2013 \u0422.: \u0427\u045e\u043b\u043f\u043e\u043d, 2002. \u2013 \u0411. 213.; \u049a\u0438\u0440\u0493\u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u0410. \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u041e\u0441\u0438\u0451 \u043c\u0430\u043c\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0445\u0430\u043b\u049b\u0430\u0440\u043e \u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438. \u2013 \u0422.: \u0424\u0430\u043d, 2004. \u2013 \u0411. 280.; \u041a\u045e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0427. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u0441\u0438\u0451\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u049b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0451\u043d \u043c\u0443\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438 (\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0451\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u04b3\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0430\u0436\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0438). \u2013 \u0422.: \u0424\u0430\u043d, 2007. \u2013 \u0411. 200.; \u0420\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041c.\u0410. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. \u2013 \u0422.: \u0410\u0434\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u049b\u0443\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438, 2016. \u2013 \u0411. 224.; \u0420\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u049a., \u0411\u0435\u043a\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0425. \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f \u045e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u049b\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d. \u2013 \u0422.: Tafakkur, 2017. \u2013 \u0411. 168.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    B\u00fclent Aras. Turkey\u02bcs policy in the former Soviet South: assets and options. Turkish studies. Vol. 1, No. 1, (Spring 2000).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e. 21 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 1991 \u0433.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    \u0416\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0416. \u0411\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u049b\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0451\u0442\u0438: \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438. \u2013 \u0422.: \u0410\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0442, 1994.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u044b \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e. 8 \u043c\u0430\u044f 1996 \u0433.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    \u049a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041c. \u049a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0430 \u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438 \/\/ \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0438. 2018 \u0439\u0438\u043b 3 \u043c\u0430\u0439.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    \u041c\u0443\u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u041d. \u04b2\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u044f\u043d\u0433\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0441\u049b\u0438\u0447\u0438 \/\/ \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b \u0441\u045e\u0437\u0438. 2000 \u0439\u0438\u043b 14 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    Muhittin Ataman. Leadership Change: Ozal Leadership and Restructuring in Turkish Foreign Policy. Alternatives Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 2002). \u2013 P. 134.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    \u041e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u049b\u043e\u0432 \u0428. \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u2013 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f: \u0431\u0443\u044e\u043a \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043d\u0451\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u0433\u0430\u043d \u0438\u043a\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0493 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u049b \/\/ \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b \u0441\u045e\u0437\u0438. 2018 \u0439\u0438\u043b 27 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  11. \n
    \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \/\/ \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430. 30 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 1992 \u0433.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  12. \n
    \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e. 1 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f 1992 \u0433.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  13. \n
    \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0451\u0435\u0432 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u201c\u0419\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0438\u201d \u0434\u0435\u0431 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0434\u0438 \/\/ \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b \u0441\u045e\u0437\u0438. 2018 \u0439\u0438\u043b 28 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  14. \n
    \u0420\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u049a., \u0411\u0435\u043a\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0425. \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0432\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f \u045e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u049b\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d. \u2013 \u0422.: \u0422\u0430\u0444\u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440, 2017.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  15. \n
    \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f\u2014\u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0438\u049b\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0451\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u043e\u00ad\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u201c\u044d\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0433\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0440\u201d. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/uzbek\/ uzbekistan \/2011\/04\/110401_cy_turkey_uzbekistan 1.04 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  16. \n
    \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 \/\/ \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b \u0441\u045e\u0437\u0438. 1998 \u0439\u0438\u043b 30 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  17. \n
    \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u2014\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u00ad\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e. 11 \u043c\u0430\u044f 1996 \u0433.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  18. \n
    \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u2013 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f: \u049a\u0443\u0451\u0448 \u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u049b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0447\u0438\u049b\u0434\u0438 http:\/\/vatandosh.uz\/2017\/03\/\/\u045e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d-32\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f-\u049b\u0443\u0451\u0448-\u044f\u043d\u0430-\u0448\u0430\u0440\u049b\u0434\u0430\u043d\/ 2.05. 2017.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  19. \n
    \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0440 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u0448 \u0431\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \/\/ \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b \u0441\u045e\u0437\u0438. 1999 \u0439\u0438\u043b 17 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  20. \n
    \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u2013\u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438\u044f: \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u045e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0448\u043e\u043d\u0447\u043b\u0438 \u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0440\/\/ \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b \u0441\u045e\u0437\u0438. 1999 \u0439\u0438\u043b 16 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  21. \n
    \u040e\u0437\u041c\u0410, \u041c-7-\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434, 1-\u0440\u045e\u0439\u0445\u0430\u0442, 331-\u0438\u0448, 36-\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430\u049b<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    SIROJIDDIN ABDUVOITOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
    Jahon iqtisodiyoti va diplomatiya universiteti mustaqil izlanuvchisi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    XX asrning 90-yillari boshida dunyoda sodir bo\u02bblgan geosiyosiy o\u02bbzgarishlar natijasida Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasida bir qator mustaqil davlatlar tashkil topdi. Mustaqil davlatlar o\u02bbrtasidagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy sohalardagi o\u02bbzaro hamkorlik hamda xalqaro maydonda O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi o\u02bbz milliy manfaatlarini himoya qilishida, eng avvalo, Yevropa va Osiyo mintaqasidagi rivojlangan davlatlar bilan o\u02bbzaro manfaatli aloqalar o\u02bbrnatishni taqozo etdi. Mustaqillik yillarida …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34089,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbZBEKISTON VA TURKIYA O\u02bbRTASIDAGI ALOQALARNING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbZBEKISTON VA TURKIYA O\u02bbRTASIDAGI ALOQALARNING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34088&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbZBEKISTON VA TURKIYA O\u02bbRTASIDAGI ALOQALARNING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O\u02bbZBEKISTON VA TURKIYA O\u02bbRTASIDAGI ALOQALARNING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34088&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-26T06:56:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/uzbek-turk.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"436\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34088&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=34088&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"O\u02bbZBEKISTON VA TURKIYA O\u02bbRTASIDAGI ALOQALARNING RIVOJLANISH TARIXI - 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