{"id":28677,"date":"2023-05-31T12:06:35","date_gmt":"2023-05-31T07:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=28677"},"modified":"2023-05-31T12:07:10","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T07:07:10","slug":"islomda-munosabatlarning-bosh-tamoyili-tinchlikdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=28677&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ISLOMDA MUNOSABATLARNING BOSH TAMOYILI TINCHLIKDIR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Islom dini odamlarni eng yuksak fazilatlar egasi qilib tarbiyalaydi, insonparvarlik, xalqparvarlik, adolat, halollik, boshqa dinlarga ehtirom, olijanob axloqni targ\u02bbib etadi. Islomiy aqidaga to\u02bbg\u02bbri amal qilib yashagan inson mansab, moddiy manfaatni ko\u02bbzlab emas, balki Allohning roziligi yo\u02bblida jamiyat baxt-saodati uchun sidqidildan mehnat qiladi. Bunday tushuncha har bir ezgu niyatli kishining oliy maqsadi bo\u02bblishi kerak. Butun dunyoda yalpi tinchlik va osoyishtalik qaror topishiga barcha sof niyatli, tinchliksevar xalqlar hissa qo\u02bbshmog\u02bbi darkor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlar hayotini barcha ma\u02bcno, asl qadriyat va tavsiflari bilan o\u02bbzida jamlagan islom shariati har bir kishini tinchlikka chaqiradi. Bu xususda Alloh taolo bunday degan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEy imon keltirganlar! Islomga to\u02bblig\u02bbicha kiringiz!\u201d<\/strong>[1]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinchlik haqiqati kelib chiqishi jihatidan uch ma\u02bcnoga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi: Birinchi navbatda omonlik, ya\u02bcni har qanday zarardan najot. Ikkinchisi kelishish, murosa qilish, bu dushmanlikni tark etish, demakdir. Uchinchisi sulh va kelishuv kabi bo\u02bblib, kelishasizmi yoki urush qilasizmi, deb aytiladi. Mana shu uch ma\u02bcno islom diniga mos keladi. Buyuk mufassirlar Ibn Abbos, Qatoda va Mujohidning rivoyatlarida oyatdagi\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0[as-silm] so\u02bbzi islomning tinchlik dini ekanini ko\u02bbrsatadi[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oyatdagi \u201ctinchlik\u201dning islomga tegishli ekaniga ko\u02bbra, imon keltirganlar \u201ctinchlik\u201dka kirishga amr qilinmoqda. Musulmonlar hamisha bir-biriga yaxshi munosabatda bo\u02bblishi kerak. Shuningdek, islom odamlar orasidagi va o\u02bbzaro kin va adovatlarni yo\u02bbqotishga chaqiradi. Bu bilan mazkur oyat islomning asl mohiyati tinchlik ekaniga asos bo\u02bblishi, yana bir bor tasdiqlanadi. O\u02bbzaro ranj va alamlarni tark etish, Shotibiy aytganidek, taharrujni, ya\u02bcni jang qilish va nizoga olib boradigan omillarni bartaraf etishdir[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu bizni islomofobiyaning baland shiorlari ostida ilgari surilayotgan g\u02bboyalar zamirida aslida nimalar borligini anglashga olib keladi. Bu g\u02bboya islom va musulmonlarni vahshiylik va qonxo\u02bbrlikda ayblashga qaratilgan. Shuningdek, unda islom zo\u02bbravonlik va qilich bilan yoyilgani ta\u02bckidlanadi. Bunga shu g\u02bboya mualliflarining o\u02bbzi tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan qo\u02bbshtirnoq ichidagi islomga aloqador turli terroristik guruhlarni misol qilib ko\u02bbrsatadi. Aslida bu guruhlarning quroli birinchi navbatda islomga qarshi qaratilgan. Uning islomofobiyani targ\u02bbib qilayotganlar bilan to\u02bbqnashuvdan qochishi kimlarga xizmat qilayotgani haqida kengroq mulohaza qilishga undaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vaholanki, G\u02bbarbning o\u02bbzi \u2013 ayniqsa, u yerdagi adolatli insonlar \u2013 salibchilarning urushlari bilan solishtirganda, islomning yaqqol insonparvar din ekani va uning tamoyillari tinchlikka asoslangani namoyon bo\u02bblishini tan olgan. Masalan, \u201cSalib yurishlari tarixi\u201d kitobi muallifi Stefan Rensmann Salohiddin Quddusni qaytarib olgan paytdagi musulmonlarning ahvoli va undan avval salibchilarning sharif shaharni egallab turgan holini tasvirlab, solishtirib bunday deydi: \u201cG\u02bbolib bo\u02bblganlar aqlli va insonparvar edi, holbuki, franklar sakson sakkiz yil oldin shaharni ishg\u02bbol qilib olganida, son-sanoqsiz qurbonlarning qonga belanib yotganiga ko\u02bbpchilik guvoh bo\u02bblgan. Bu safar talon-taroj qilingan bino ham, zarar ko\u02bbrgan odam ham topilmadi. Salohiddinning amriga binoan yo\u02bbllar, darvoza-eshiklar qo\u02bbriqlangan. Shuningdek, nasroniylarga kelishi mumkin bo\u02bblgan har qanday tajovuz va zo\u02bbravonlik xavfi bartaraf etilgan\u201d[4]<\/a>. Islomning g\u02bbayrimusulmonga munosabat negizida ana shunday bag\u02bbrikenglik tamoyili mujassamdir. Islom hech qachon bosqinchilik qilib, odamlarni o\u02bbldirishni buyurmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlarning urush qilishiga mushriklar va ba\u02bczi ahli kitoblarning islomga qarshi tajovuzlari asosiy sabab bo\u02bblgan. Shunday ekan, islomdagi jihodning asoslariga murojaat qilamiz. Islomda dastlab adolatsizlik va zararga qarshi kurashish, Quraysh mushriklari musulmonlarni o\u02bbz uylaridan quvib chiqarganda, Makkada Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam va u zotning sahobalariga tajovuz kuchayganda bularni daf etish uchun jang yoki urushga ruxsat berilgan edi. Musulmonlar Makkadan majburan ko\u02bbchganiga qadar urush qilishga ruxsat yo\u02bbq edi. So\u02bbng tajovuzni qaytarishi va o\u02bbzini o\u02bbzi himoyalashi uchun mo\u02bbminlarga jihod qilish uchun Alloh taolo quyidagi oyatlar bilan izn berdi:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>O\u02bbzlariga qarshi urush ochganlarga ularga zulm qilingani uchun\u00a0<\/strong>(urushga)\u00a0izn berildi. Albatta, Alloh ularga nusrat berishga qodirdir. Ular nohaqdan, faqatgina \u201cRobbimiz Alloh\u201d deganlari uchun o\u02bbz diyorlaridan chiqarilgandirlar. Agar Alloh odamlarning ba\u02bczilarini ba\u02bczilari bilan daf qilib turmasa, uzlatgohlar, kanisalar, havralar va Allohning nomi ko\u02bbp zikr qilinadigan masjidlar vayron qilingan bo\u02bblur edi. Albatta, Alloh O\u02bbziga yordam berganlarga yordam berur. Albatta, Alloh kuchli va g\u02bbolibdir<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>[5]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu oyatlar Aqaba bay\u02bcatidan keyin, musulmonlar o\u02bbzini mudofaa qilishga tayyorlanishi uchun izn sifatida nozil bo\u02bblgan. Bundan oldin urushga ruxsat berilmagan. Chunki Alloh taolo:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>Ular nohaqdan, faqatgina \u201cRobbimiz Alloh\u201d deganlari uchun o\u02bbz diyorlaridan chiqarilgandirlar<\/strong>\u201d,<\/strong>\u00a0demoqda. Bu xabar urushga berilgan izn ortidan kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu oyatlarning nozil bo\u02bblishi g\u02bbayridinlarga nisbatan tinchlik munosabatlarini bekor qilgani yo\u02bbq. Oradagi tinch aloqalar davom etavergan. Faqat tajovuzkor Quraysh kofirlari va ularga o\u02bbxshagan qavmlarga qarshi kurash bo\u02bblgan, xolos. Tinchlik barcha musulmon bo\u02bblgan va bo\u02bblmaganlarning barchasi bilan munosabatlarning asosi bo\u02bblib qolavergan. Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallamning davrlarida bo\u02bblgan janglarga kelsak, quyida ularning sabablarini qisqacha izohlab o\u02bbtamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quraysh mushriklari bilan tinchlik.\u00a0<\/strong>Musulmonlar Makkada yashagan kezlari Quraysh mushriklari bilan yaxshi munosabatda edi. Ularni hikmat va go\u02bbzal da\u02bcvat bilan islomga chaqirar, ba\u02bczan bahslashib qolardi. Ammo Quraysh mushriklari bu yaxshilikka yomonlik, qo\u02bbpollik va aziyat bilan javob qaytardi. Hatto mo\u02bbminlarni nohaqdan o\u02bbz uy-joy va mol-mulkidan ayirishgacha bordi. Shunda mushriklarning tajovuzlariga javoban ularga qarshi jang qilishga ruxsat berildi. Bu to\u02bbqnashuvdan maqsad faqat mudofaa bo\u02bblib, tahqirlashni bartaraf etishga qaratilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam Arabiston yarimorolida Quraysh mushriklari va ularga qo\u02bbshilganlardan boshqalar bilan urush qilmaganlar. Bunga Xandaq g\u02bbazotiga tayyorlanish chog\u02bbida Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam va sahobalarning xandaq qaziyotib bunday deganlari dalil bo\u02bbladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Sen bo\u02bblmasang, topmas edik hidoyat,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Qilmas edik xayr, namoz, ibodat.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ustimizdan sakinating yog\u02bbdirgin,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gar yo\u02bbliqsak, sobitqadam qil albat.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xohlar esa bizga zulm qilganlar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fitna qilmoq yuz o\u02bbgirdik nihoyat<\/strong>[6]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ahli kitoblar bilan tinchlik.<\/strong>\u00a0Mo\u02bbminlarga ahli kitoblar bilan yaxshi muomalada bo\u02bblish haqida amr keldi. Shuning uchun ahli kitoblarga tafakkur bilan fikrlaydigan muzokara va munozara eshiklari ochildi. Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam ayrimlarini masjidlarida qabul qildilar. Bu haqda Alloh taolo bunday dedi:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>(Ey mo\u02bbminlar!)\u00a0Sizlar ahli kitoblar bilan faqat eng chiroyli uslubda munozara qilingiz, illo ularning orasidagi zulm\u00a0<\/strong>(tajovuz)\u00a0qilganlar bundan mustasnodirlar. Shuningdek, aytingiz: \u201cBizlar o\u02bbzimizga nozil qilingan\u00a0<\/strong>(Qur\u02bcon)ga ham, sizlarga nozil qilingan\u00a0<\/strong>(Tavrot va Injil)ga ham imon keltirganmiz. Bizlarning ilohimiz va sizlarning ilohingiz birdir va bizlar Ungagina\u00a0<\/strong>(imon va itoat bilan)\u00a0bo\u02bbyin sunuvchimiz<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>[7]<\/a>.<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u02bczi mufassirlar: \u201cBundan maqsad, agar imonga kelmasa, ular bilan qilich (qurol) yordamida tortishmanglar. Zulm qilsa, urush qiling, ya\u02bcni kufri ustiga qo\u02bbshimcha qilib tajovuz ham qilsagina qarshi urushing\u201d, degan[8]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam Madinaga hijrat qilganlarida birinchi bo\u02bblib tinchlik ahdini tuzganlar. Bu hujjat islomdagi birinchi me\u02bcyoriy-huquqiy dasturul amal bo\u02bbldi. Muhojir va ansorlar o\u02bbrtasida tuzilgan bu ahdnomada yahudiylar bilan dushmanlik qilmaslik ham ko\u02bbzda tutilgan edi. Lekin ular mushriklarni qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlab, ahdni buzdi. Ba\u02bczi yahudiy qabilalar Madina atrofidagi arab mushriklariga yordam berdi, natijada musulmonlar ular bilan jang qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fors va Rum imperiyasi bilan tinchlik<\/strong>. Rumliklar birinchi bo\u02bblib Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning elchisi Horis ibn Umayr Azdiyni qatl etganida musulmonlarga qarshi urush e\u02bclon qilgan. Rasulullohning shu elchilaridan boshqa birortasining boshiga bunday qismat tushmagan edi. Shuning uchun Nabiy alayhissalom rumliklar ortidan Mu\u02bctaga bir bo\u02bblinma yubordilar. Rumliklar ularni yuz minglik qo\u02bbshin bilan kutib oldi[9]<\/a>. Ular Yuhanno ibn Raubani musulmonlar bilan sulh tuzgani uchun xochga mixladi. Farva ibn Amrni islomga kirgani, unda qat\u02bciy turib Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamga hadyalar jo\u02bbnatgani uchun qatl qildi. Ularning orasida tinchlikka mayl ko\u02bbrsatuvchilarga qarshi adovat kuchaygan edi[10]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Forslarga kelsak, hukmdor Kisro Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning boshlarini talab qilgan. Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallamning nomalarini yirtib tashlagan[11]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomga qarshi chiqqan mazkur toifalarning tajovuzlari odamning joniga hujum qilish darajasiga va ularni majburiy ko\u02bbchirishgacha borib yetgan. Xuddi shu muomala musulmonlarning ularga qarshi jang qilishiga asosiy sabab bo\u02bblgan. Musulmonlar doim o\u02bbz atrofidagi davlatlar bilan munosabatlarni tinchlik asosida qurishga harakat qilgan. Ularning jang qilishi faqat majburlik va zarurat yuzasidan bo\u02bblgan, xolos. Bu Qur\u02bconda bunday bayon qilinadi:\u00a0\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0643\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0647\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cSizlarga\u00a0<\/strong>(yov bilan)\u00a0jang qilish farz qilindi, vaholanki, u sizlar uchun yoqimsizdir\u201d<\/strong>[12]<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong>Bu yerdagi\u0643\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0647\u064c<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0[kurhun \u2013 \u201cyoqimsiz<\/strong>\u201d] so\u02bbzi urushning odamlar yoqtirmaydigan zaruratlardan biri ekaniga ishoradir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom tarixidagi jihodlarning har birida o\u02bbziga xos sabablari bor. Musulmonlar hech qachon biror xalqning ustiga bostirib bormagan. Azon ovozi eshitilgan joyga umuman yurish qilmagan. Hozirgi paytda ayrim buzg\u02bbunchi kuch va toifalar \u201cjihod\u201d deb atayotgan razilona amallarning hech biri jihodning asl mohiyatiga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelmaydi. \u201cSavodul a\u02bczam\u201d (\u201cMusulmonlarning katta jamoati\u201d)dan ajralib turganining o\u02bbzi ularning to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblda emasligiga dalolat beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Baqara surasi, 208-oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Abu Ja\u02bcfar Tabariy. Jomi\u02bcul bayon fi ta\u02bcvilil Qur\u02bcon. \u2013Bayrut: Muassasatur risola, 2000. \u2013 B. 32.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Shayx Muhammad Tohir ibn Oshur. At-Tahrir vat tanvir. J.1. \u2013Tunis: Dor sahnun, 1997. \u2013 B. 278.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Shavfiy Abu Xalil. Al-Islom fi qafasil ittihom. \u2013Damashq: Dorul fikr, 1982. \u2013 B. 18.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Haj surasi, 39-40-oyatlar mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Oltin silsila. Sahihul Buxoriy. J.4. -\u2013Toshkent: Hilol-Nashr, 2018. 2837-hadis. \u2013 B. 81.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>\u00a0Ankabut surasi, 46-oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>\u00a0Faxriddin Roziy. Mafotihul g\u02bbayb. Al-Islom fi qafasil ittihom. J.25. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul fikr, 1981. \u2013 B. 76.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>\u00a0Ibn Abdulbarr. Al-Istiob fi ma\u02bcrifatil as\u02bchob. \u00a0J.1. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul jiyl, 1992. \u2013 B. 298.<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>\u00a0Dok. Zu Miftoh G\u02bbamiq. Nazariyatul harb fil islom va asaruha fil qonunid duvaliy. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul kutubil vataniya, 2005. \u2013 B. 84.<\/span><\/div>\n
[11]<\/a>\u00a0Tabariy. Tarixi Tabariy. J.2. \u2013 Bayrut: Dorul kutubil ilmiya, 1987. \u2013 B. 133.<\/span><\/div>\n
[12]<\/a>\u00a0Baqara surasi, 216-oyat mazmuni.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

Qodirxon MAHMUDOV,
\n<\/strong>Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Maqola PDF formatda<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Maqola Word formatda<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Islom dini odamlarni eng yuksak fazilatlar egasi qilib tarbiyalaydi, insonparvarlik, xalqparvarlik, adolat, halollik, boshqa dinlarga ehtirom, olijanob axloqni targ\u02bbib etadi. Islomiy aqidaga to\u02bbg\u02bbri amal qilib yashagan inson mansab, moddiy manfaatni ko\u02bbzlab emas, balki Allohning roziligi yo\u02bblida jamiyat baxt-saodati uchun sidqidildan mehnat qiladi. Bunday tushuncha har bir ezgu niyatli kishining oliy maqsadi bo\u02bblishi kerak. Butun dunyoda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2449,639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nISLOMDA MUNOSABATLARNING BOSH TAMOYILI TINCHLIKDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ISLOMDA MUNOSABATLARNING BOSH TAMOYILI TINCHLIKDIR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=28677&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ISLOMDA MUNOSABATLARNING BOSH TAMOYILI TINCHLIKDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ISLOMDA MUNOSABATLARNING BOSH TAMOYILI TINCHLIKDIR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=28677&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-31T07:06:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-31T07:07:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bukhari_buxoriy2023_90.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=28677&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=28677&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ISLOMDA MUNOSABATLARNING BOSH TAMOYILI TINCHLIKDIR - 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