{"id":27907,"date":"2023-04-26T10:02:58","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T05:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27907"},"modified":"2023-04-27T10:08:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T05:08:12","slug":"ali-qushchi-ikkinchi-r%d0%b5n%d0%b5ssans-yutuqlarini-yevropaga-uzatgan-mutafakkir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27907&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ALI QUSHCHI \u2013 IKKINCHI R\u0415N\u0415SSANS YUTUQLARINI YEVROPAGA UZATGAN MUTAFAKKIR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Mavlono Alouddin Ali ibn Muhammad Ali-Qushchi Samarqandiy (1403-1474) nafaqat Ulug\u02bbbek akademiyasining kenja vakili, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek (1394-1449)ning sevimli shogirdi, balki mazkur ilm dargohi yutuqlarini Yevropa va butun jahonga yoygan mutafakkirdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ali Qushchi \u2013 ikkinchi Sharq renessansining yetuk matematik va astronom olimi, o\u02bbz davrining Batlimusi (Sharq Ptolomeyi)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0degan yuksak unvonga sazovor bo\u02bblgan yirik faylasuf alloma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Alouddin Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek saroyida ovchi qushlarga mas\u02bcul amaldor \u2013 Muhammad ismli kishining farzandi bo\u02bblgan. Otasini \u201cQushchi\u201d atashgani bois uni \u201cAli-Qushchi\u201d deyishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ota-onasi vafot etgach, Alouddin Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek xonadonida tarbiyalanadi. Shu sababli Ulug\u02bbbek uni \u201cZiji jadidi Ko\u02bbragoniy\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0asarining so\u02bbzboshida \u201cfarzandi arjumand\u201d deb tilga olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Yosh Alouddin Ulug\u02bbbek akademiyasi olimlarining xizmatini qilib yurib, o\u02bbzi ham ilm olishga harakat qiladi. 1414 yili Eronning Kermon shahriga borib, u yerdagi madrasada uch yil tahsil oladi va 1017 yili Samarqandga qaytib kelib, Ulug\u02bbbekka o\u02bbzi yozgan ilk maqolani taqdim qiladi. Ustozi \u201cOysimon shakllarni o\u02bblchashga oid\u201d nomli bu asarni yuqori baholaydi. Alouddin endi Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekdan tashqari, Qozizoda Rumiy, G\u02bbiyosiddin Jamshid singari allomalardan ham saboq oladi. 1415-1420 yillari asos solingan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasida esa mantiqchi faylasuf Taftazoniy (1322-1392), Mavlono Ahmad kabi olimlarning shogirdlaridan ilm o\u02bbrganadi. Zehni kuchli bo\u02bblgani hamma narsani tez va mustahkam o\u02bbzlashtirib boradi. Matematika va astronomiya asoslarini puxta egallab, hisob-kitob yuritishda akademiya olimlariga ko\u02bbmaklashadi. Vaqt o\u02bbtishi bilan akademiyaning komil huquqli a\u02bczosiga aylanadi. U trigonometriya, sferik astronomiya va kasrlar nazariyasiga oid kashfiyotlar qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ali Qushchi Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasini rivojlantirish, Ulug\u02bbbek rasadxonasini (1424) qurish va faoliyatini yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyish, \u201cZiji jadidi Ko\u02bbragoniy\u201d jadvalini tuzish jarayonida faol qatnashadi<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>. Ma\u02bclumki, bu jadvalda samarqandlik astronomlar 38 yulduz turkumiga mansub bo\u02bblgan 1018 yulduzning aniq koordinatalarini belgilab bergan. Unda yozilganidek, katalog \u201chijriy 841 yil muharram oyining 1 kuni (1437 yilning 5 iyul) yakuniga yetkazilgan\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1429 yili rasadxona mudiri G\u02bbiyosiddin Jamshid Koshiy (1380-1429) vafot etadi. Uning faoliyatini davom ettirib turgan Qozizoda Rumiy (1364-1437) 1437 yili olamdan o\u02bbtadi. Shundan keyin mudirlik Ali Qushchiga topshiriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ali Qushchining til bilish salohiyati va muomila(muomala) madaniyatini yaxshi bilgan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek uni 1438 yili Xitoyga elchi qilib yuboradi. Elchilikda u Xitoyning tabiati, iqlimi, aholisining urf-odat va an\u02bcanalari haqida fors tilida \u201cXitoynoma\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0asarini yozadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1949 yili Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek qatl etilgach, toj-taxt uchun kurashlar, turli ig\u02bbvo va fitnalar avj oladi. Abdulatif (<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1420\">1420<\/a>\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1450\">1450<\/a>) ham 1450 yil 8 mayda o\u02bbldiriladi va taxtga Ibrohim sultonning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Abdulloh (1433-1451) o\u02bbtiradi. Undan keyin 1451 yili hokimiyatni Mironshohning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Abu Said (<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1424_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4\">1424<\/a>\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1469_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4\">1469<\/a>) qo\u02bblga kiritadi. U Ali Qushchiga yaxshi munosabatda bo\u02bblib, homiylik qiladi. Ali Qushchi Nosiruddin Tusiyning \u201cTajrid\u201d sharh yozib, Sulton Abu Saidga taqdim qildi<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>. Ammo hukmdorning vafotidan (1469) keyin mamlakatda yana toj-taxt uchun kurash boshlanadi. Mutaassib ulamolar ilm-fanga qarshi xurofotni kuchaytiradi. Ayrimlar akademiyani shayton yo\u02bbliga kirgan deb ayblashga, rasadxonani buzib tashlashga da\u02bcvat qila boshlaydi. Shu sababli Ali Qushchi akademiya faoliyatini to\u02bbxtatib, Temuriylar kutubxonasini, Ulug\u02bbbekning asarlarini saqlab qolishga intiladi. 1971 yili bir qancha qarindoshlari bilan Samarqanddan chiqib ketishga majbur bo\u02bbladi. O\u02bbzi bilan rasadxonada ishlangan qo\u02bblyozmalar, yulduzli osmon xaritasi va nodir qo\u02bblyozmalarini olib ketadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ali Qushchi avval Tabriz, so\u02bbng Hirotga boradi. Ayrim manbalarda unga Xoja Ahror Vali yordamlashgani aytiladi, lekin bu ma\u02bclumot tasdiqlanmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Tabrizda Ali Qushchining qarindoshlari yashar edi. (Ehtimol, ular Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek vafotidan keyin Tabrizga ko\u02bbchib ketgandir). Hirotga borganida esa, unga Alisher Navoiy yordam qo\u02bblini cho\u02bbzadi, hajga borishi uchun Husayn Boyqarodan ijozat-ruxsatnoma olib beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Tabrizda Ali Qushchi hukmdor Oq Quyunli Uzun Hasanning(1453-1479) xizmatiga kiradi. Uzun Hasan Tabriz bilan Istanbul o\u02bbrtasidagi aloqalarni mustahkamlash maqsadida uni Turkiyaga, Usmoniylar saltanatining yettinchi hukmdori Sulton Muhammad II saroyiga yuboradi. Ali Qushchi Istanbulda izzat-ikrom bilan kutib olinadi. Chunki, uning shuhrati Kichik Osiyoga o\u02bbzidan oldin yetib borgan edi. Hatto Samarqandda yozgan ayrim asarlari turk tiliga tarjima ham qilingan, turkiyalik olimlar Ali Qushchining \u201cAstronomiya asoslari\u201d kitobining arabcha va forscha nus\u02bchalarini o\u02bbqib o\u02bbrganar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Manbalarda qayd etilishicha, Sulton Muhammad II Sulton Murod o\u02bbg\u02bbli (1432-1481)ning o\u02bbzi ham adolatparvar, ilmparvar kishi bo\u02bblgan. Saroyga yirik olim va ulamolarni yig\u02bbib, ularni nafaqa bilan ta\u02bcminlagan. U Horun Ar-Rashid singari vaqti-vaqti bilan xufya ravishda oddiy xalq dardini eshitish uchun odam orasiga chiqar ekan. U Ali Qushchini ulug\u02bb olim sifatida qabul qilib, Istanbulda doimiy qolishini so\u02bbraydi. Olim o\u02bbz risolalarida bunday yozadi: \u201cSulton meni qabul qilganida kamina bilan so\u02bbzlashish niyati borligi yaqqol ko\u02bbrinib turardi. U o\u02bbziga atab ilmi riyoziyotdan kitob yozishimni so\u02bbradi. Shunda Sultonda tabiiy fanlarga qiziqish borligini sezdim va qisqa vaqtda ilmi riyoziyotdan kichik kitob yozdim\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ali Qushchi Sultonning taklifni qabul qiladi va qarindoshlarini olib kelish uchun yana Tabrizga qaytadi. Uning 200tacha qarindoshi Istanbulga ko\u02bbchib boradi. 1472 yili Ali Qushchi Ayo Sofiya madrasasi bosh mudarrisi, Ayo Sofiya masjidi boshqaruvchisi etib tayinlanadi, unga 200 oltin tanga miqdorida maosh belgilanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong><em>Baxtiyor TURAYEV<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>,<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>falsafa fanlari doktori (DSc), professor,<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasi huzuridag<\/em><em>i<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi direktori bosh maslahatchisi<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Lafasov U. Ali Qushchi. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/41879171\/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B8_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Ulugbek Muxammad Taragay.\u00a0<\/em>Zidji djadidi Guragoni. Nov\u044bye Guraganov\u044b astronomicheskiye tablis\u044b \/ (Vstup. statya, perevod, kommentarii i ukazateli Axmedova A.A.)- Tashkent: Fan, 1994. 456 s<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Qarang:\u00a0<em>Ali Qushchi.<\/em>\u00a0Astronomiyaga oid risola (I.M.Mo\u02bbminov tahriri ostida). T.: Fan, 1968. (I.Mo\u02bbminov yozgan so\u02bbzboshi). B.5.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Qarang:\u00a0<em>Ulugbek Muxammad Taragay.\u00a0<\/em>Zidji djadidi Guragoni. Nov\u044bye Guraganov\u044b astronomicheskiye tablis\u044b \/ (Vstup. statya, perevod, kommentarii i ukazateli Axmedova A.A.)- Tashkent: Fan, 1994. 456 s.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201cXitoynoma\u201d. Bu risolani Ali Qushchi 1438 yili Ulug\u02bbbek tomonidan Xitoyga elchilikka yuborilganidan qaytganidan so\u02bbng fors tilida yozgan. U o\u02bbzining shaxsiy kuzatishlariga ko\u02bbra Xitoyning iqlimi, tabiati, xitoyliklarning urf-odatlarini bayon etgan. Undan tashqari bu asarda matematika, geografiya bilan birga olam xaritasi ham keltirilgan. (<em>Ahmedov A.<\/em>\u00a0Ali Qushchi. https:\/\/www.e-tarix.uz\/shaxslar\/506-cola.html)<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Qodirov B.<\/em>\u00a0Ali Qushchi\/\/ http:\/\/oyina.uz\/kiril\/generation\/139<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27904#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cRisola al-Muxammadiya fi-l-hisob\u201d (\u201cHisob haqida\u201d). Asar arabiy imloda yozilgan hisobga doir eng nodir asarlardan bo\u02bblib, turk sultoni Muhammad II ga bag\u02bbishlangan. Unda o\u02bbnlik va oltmishlik hisoblash tizimlaridan arifmetika, algebra, geometriya va trigonometriya masalalari ko\u02bbriladi. Asarni muallifning o\u02bbzi 1472 yili forsiyga o\u02bbgirgan. Risolaning muhim taraflaridan biri shundaki, unda birinchi marta \u201cmusbat\u201d va \u201cmanfiy\u201d iboralari hozirgi biz qo\u02bbllayotgan ma\u02bcnoda ishlatiladi. Risolaning ikki qo\u02bblyozmasi Istanbulda Ayo So\u02bbfiya kutubxonasida va Leyden universiteti kutubxonasida saklanadi. (Ahmedov A. Ali Qushchi.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-tarix.uz\/shaxslar\/506-cola.html\">https:\/\/www.e-tarix.uz\/shaxslar\/506-cola.html<\/a>). Bu kitobni Ali Qushchining o\u02bbzi fors tiliga tarjima qilib Sulton Muhammad IIga taqdim qilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mavlono Alouddin Ali ibn Muhammad Ali-Qushchi Samarqandiy (1403-1474) nafaqat Ulug\u02bbbek akademiyasining kenja vakili, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek (1394-1449)ning sevimli shogirdi, balki mazkur ilm dargohi yutuqlarini Yevropa va butun jahonga yoygan mutafakkirdir. Ali Qushchi \u2013 ikkinchi Sharq renessansining yetuk matematik va astronom olimi, o\u02bbz davrining Batlimusi (Sharq Ptolomeyi)[1]\u00a0degan yuksak unvonga sazovor bo\u02bblgan yirik faylasuf alloma. Alouddin Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27905,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ALI QUSHCHI \u2013 IKKINCHI R\u0415N\u0415SSANS YUTUQLARINI YEVROPAGA UZATGAN MUTAFAKKIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ALI QUSHCHI \u2013 IKKINCHI R\u0415N\u0415SSANS YUTUQLARINI YEVROPAGA UZATGAN MUTAFAKKIR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27907&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ALI QUSHCHI \u2013 IKKINCHI R\u0415N\u0415SSANS YUTUQLARINI YEVROPAGA UZATGAN MUTAFAKKIR - 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