{"id":27722,"date":"2023-04-12T11:19:28","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T06:19:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27722"},"modified":"2023-04-12T15:32:46","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T10:32:46","slug":"abu-rayhon-b%d0%b5runiy-nochiziqli-tafakkur-sohibi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27722&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ABU RAYHON B\u0415RUNIY \u2013 NOCHIZIQLI TAFAKKUR SOHIBI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abu Rayhon Beruniy (973-1048) butun hayoti va faoliyatini tabiiy, tarixiy va ijtimoiy fanlar tadqiqiga bag\u02bbishlagan yirik qomusiy olimdir. Buning isboti sifatida Beruniyning yaqin kishilaridan bo\u02bblgan qozi Valvolijiyning quyidagi so\u02bbzlarini keltirish mumkin: \u201cMen Abu Rayhon huzuriga u og\u02bbir nafas olayotgan, xirillab qolgan vaqtda kirdim. \u201cKimlar merosxo\u02bbr bo\u02bblishi haqida aytganlaringni takrorlab ber\u201d, \u2013 dedi. Unga ichim achib: \u201cShu holingda shuni so\u02bbraysanmi!\u201d dedim. U esa: \u201cEy falonchi, men uchun bu masalani bilgan holimda dunyodan o\u02bbtish, uni bilmay ketishdan afzalroq emasmi?\u201d dedi. Men uni (masalalarni) takrorlab berishga majbur bo\u02bbldim. U yodida saqlab qoldi. Keyin menga bu haqdagi o\u02bby-fikrlarini aytib berdi, shundan so\u02bbng men chiqib ketdim. Tashqariga chiqishim bilan uydan yig\u02bbi ovozi eshitildi\u201d[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ilmga bunday yuksak ixlos, hurmat va sadoqat fanning chinakam fidoyilarigagina xos bo\u02bblib, bu jihat mutafakkirning bilim-ma\u02bcrifat talabida ko\u02bbpchilikka ibrat ekanini ko\u02bbrsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beruniyni biz asosan tabiiy fanlarning dolzarb masalalari bilan shug\u02bbullangan olim deb bilamiz. Ammo alloma ijodining asosini borliqning yaralishi, hayotning mohiyati, inson muammolari kabi falsafaning muhim masalalari tashkil etgani ko\u02bbpchilikka noma\u02bclum.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkir borliqqa nochiziqli yondashuv asosida qaraydi. Uning ta\u02bckidlashicha, olamdagi hamma mavjudot besh unsur (osmon, shamol, olov, suv va tuproq)dan iboratdir[2]<\/a>. Olamni idora qiluvchi manba \u2013 \u201ctuzilish va buzilish\u201ddan iborat ziddiyatdir[3]<\/a>. Olamda narsalar rivojlanib turadi, narsalarning nihoyasiz ravishda \u201cyashirinlikdan yuzaga chiqishi\u201d[4]<\/a>, mavjudlikka chiqishi ularning taraqqiyotiga dalildir. Ushbu jihat ular doimo o\u02bbzgarishda ekanini, mohiyat bilan hodisa o\u02bbrtasidagi bog\u02bblanish cheksiz dialektik jarayonligini o\u02bbzida ifoda etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimning qayd etishicha, har bir murakkab narsaning sodda bo\u02bblaklari bor, murakkablik shular yig\u02bbindisidan kelib chiqadi. Murakkablik bo\u02bblaklarga ajralib tarqaladi. Ushbu fikr murakkablik, murakkab sistemalarning hamkorlikdagi o\u02bbzini-o\u02bbzi rivojlantirishi haqidagi fan hisoblangan sinergetikaning[5]<\/a>\u00a0murakkablikdagi oddiylik va oddiylikdagi murakkablik tamoyillariga mos keladi. Sinergetikaning uslubiy va evristik ahamiyati shundaki, bu nazariya muvozanatdan uzoqda bo\u02bblgan turli tabiatli tizimlarning o\u02bbzini o\u02bbzi tashkillashtirishi, boshqarishi, rivojlantirishi kabi faoliyatning universal qonuniyatlarini ochib beradi[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkir odamlarning rang, surat, tabiat va axloqda turlicha bo\u02bblishi nafaqat narsalarning, balki tuproq, suv, havo va joylar tabiati (muhit)ning turlichaligidandir[7]<\/a>, deb yozadi. Bu esa insonning ochiq va murakkab tizim sifatida atrof-muhit bilan modda, energiya va axborot almashuvi natijasida rivojlanib borishiga oid sinergetik tamoyil xususiyatlariga xosdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beruniy insonni o\u02bbrganar ekan, uning odatlarini yaxshi va yomonga ajratib, yoqimli xislatlarga taqvodorlik, to\u02bbg\u02bbrilik, o\u02bbzini saqlash, dindorlik, odillik, insof, kamtarlik, latofat, sobitqadamlik, ehtiyotkorlik, saxiylik, muloyimlik, siyosat va boshqarishdagi (ishlarida bilimdonlik) tadbirkorlik, to\u02bbg\u02bbri taxmin qila bilish (ilmiy bashorat) va boshqa sifatlarni kiritadi. Yomon odatlar esa qasdlashish, raqobatlashish, nafsiga ergashish, mansab uchun kurashish va shunga o\u02bbxshashlardan iboratdir. \u201cFaxrlanish, \u2013 deydi alloma, \u2013 yaxshi xulqlar va oliy fe\u02bcllarda ilg\u02bbor bo\u02bblish, ilmu hikmatni egallash va nopokliklardan imkon qadar tozalanishdir. Kimda shunday sifatlar topilsa, hukm uning foydasiga va kimda bular yetishmasa, hukm uning zarariga bo\u02bbladi\u201d[8]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olim inson rivojlanishining nafaqat ijobiy tomonlarini, balki salbiy va halokatli jihatlarini ham ochib berib, ularni \u201csinxronizmga jalb qilish\u201d, \u201cxaosni tartibga evriltirish\u201d, \u201co\u02bbzini o\u02bbzi tashkil etish\u201d tamoyillari orqali muammolarni hal etishning konstruktiv yo\u02bbllarini taklif qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta\u02bckidlanishicha, ahmoqlik da\u02bcvosi yo\u02bbq kasallikdir. Bundaylarning e\u02bctiqodicha, dunyoda ular yeridan boshqa yer yo\u02bbq, ular jinsidan boshqa xalq yo\u02bbq, ular boshlig\u02bbidan boshqa podshoh yo\u02bbq, ulardagidan boshqa ilm yo\u02bbq va dinidan boshqa din yo\u02bbqdir. Ular o\u02bbzini yuqori tutib, bema\u02bcni harakatlar qiladi va kibrlanib, oqibatda bilimsiz qoladi[9]<\/a>. Alloma shu tariqa xudbinlik, baxillik, hasad va kibrni inson ma\u02bcnaviy tanazzulining asl manbalari sifatida qoralab, ulardan saqlanishga chaqiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkirning qayd etishicha, \u201cFalsafa \u2013 mumkin bo\u02bblganicha Tangriga ergashish va qoyil bo\u02bblishdan iborat\u201d[10]<\/a>. Bu fikr falsafaning bosh masalasi bo\u02bblgan inson hayotining mazmuni, insoniylikning mohiyati nima, degan savollarga muxtasar javobdir. Barcha dinlar, shu jumladan, islom ham o\u02bbzining Qur\u02bconi karim, hadisi sharif kabi muqaddas manbalarida Alloh amriga bo\u02bbysunishni targ\u02bbib etadi. Ko\u02bbproq ezgu amallarni bajarish va yovuzliklardan tiyilishni buyuradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beruniy: \u201cMuhtoj bo\u02bblingan narsalarga yetishish uchun bo\u02bbladigan tama ko\u02bbplarni Tangriga yolvortiradi[11]<\/a>. Faylasuf (mutafakkir nazdida faylasuf \u2013 donishmand kishi BT.) nafsi badanga (jismidagi salbiy sifatlarga B.T.) haqorat bilan qaraydi va undan ajralishni istaydi. Agar inson zaruratdan boshqada nafsga bo\u02bbysunmasa, aksincha, unga hokim bo\u02bblsa, ilmsizlikdan qutulib, ma\u02bcrifatga yaqinlashgan pok zot bo\u02bblur edi\u201d[12]<\/a>, deb yozadi. Mutafakkirning ushbu mulohazalarini insonda o\u02bbz-o\u02bbzini tashkillashtirish tamoyili asosida kechadigan o\u02bbziga xos kamolot yo\u02bbli sifatida e\u02bctirof etish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkir nazdida ilm orqali johiliyatdan xalos bo\u02bblishga erishish faqat yomonlikdan tiyilish bilangina vujudga keladi. Yomonlikning shoxobchalari ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblsa ham, ularning asosi tama, g\u02bbazab va ilmsizlikdir. Shu asoslar qirqilsa, shoxobchalar so\u02bbladi, u asoslar ishtaha va g\u02bbazab quvvatlarining yo\u02bblboshchiligidan kelib chiqadi. Bu ikki quvvat insonga eng kuchli va eng halokatli dushman bo\u02bblib, odamni har turli lazzat va rohatlar bilan aldaydi. Lazzat va rohat esa ranj va gunohlarga olib boradi. Ularga berilgan inson yirtqich hayvonlarga, hatto iblisga o\u02bbxshab qoladi[13]<\/a>. Mutafakkir insonlarni yomonlikning, yovuzlikning tub ildizlari tama, g\u02bbazab va ilmsizlik ekanidan ogoh etib, ulardan poklanishga va ilmu ma\u02bcrifatga oshnolikka chaqiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beruniyning ta\u02bckidlashicha, \u201cHaqiqiy olimga alam va lazzat ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsata olmaydi. Ushbu cho\u02bbqqiga hirs va g\u02bbazabini yenggan kishi ko\u02bbtarila oladi\u201d. Hirs va g\u02bbazabni yengish uchun doimo Tangri zikrida bo\u02bblish taqozo etiladi. G\u02bboyat darajadagi matlub narsa uzluksiz fikr qilishdir. Inson axloqi yaxshi bo\u02bblib, nafsini shunga odatlantirgan, hatto nafsida shunday xulq tabiiylashib, zotiy bir sifatga aylangan kishi asta-sekin o\u02bbshanday matlubga (komillikka) erishadi. Olim deganda kim tushuniladi? Albatta, ilmli, ilmiga amal qiluvchi taqvoli insonlar nazarda tutiladi. Demak, kishi ilm vositasida nafaqat ma\u02bcnan yuksaladi, balki hirs, g\u02bbazab kabi shaytoniy sifatlardan o\u02bbzini himoya ham qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkirning qayd etishicha, yaxshi xulq, din talab etadigan odoblar bo\u02bblib, asli va asosi ko\u02bbp ma\u02bcnolarni o\u02bbz ichiga oladigan talay harakat va fe\u02bcllardan iboratdir. Xususan, qotillik, o\u02bbg\u02bbirlik va zino kabi o\u02bbta og\u02bbir gunohlarni qilmaslik, yolg\u02bbon gapirmaslik, molu davlatga ruju qo\u02bbymaslik, doimo pokiza yurish, ro\u02bbza tutish, Tangrini zikr qilish[14]<\/a>\u00a0shular jumlasidandir. Ta\u02bckidlangan ushbu ezgu sifat va amallarni o\u02bbzlashtirish orqali kishi yaxlit tartiblashgan tizim sifatida o\u02bbzini o\u02bbzi tashkillashtiradi va yanada takomillashadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, Abu Rayhon Beruniy milliy, diniy, irqiy cheklanishlardan butunlay xoli bo\u02bblib, har bir masalaga ko\u02bbp muqobillilik asosida aqliy yondashgan. Turli fan sohalariga oid fundamental asarlar yaratib, dunyo sivilizatsiyasi rivojiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan qomusiy olim, buyuk mutafakkir va faylasufdir. Mutafakkir ilmiy-ma\u02bcnaviy merosini chuqur o\u02bbrganish uning mazmun-mohiyatini to\u02bbg\u02bbri anglashga xizmat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>Abdullayev I. Beruniy va uning \u201cQadimgi xalqlardan qolgan yodgorliklari\u201d asari (Kirish so\u02bbzi) \/\/ Abu Rayhon Beruniy. Tanlangan asarlar. T.I. \u2013T.: Fan, 1968. \u2013B. 12.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 48.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>Abu Rayhon Beruniy. Tanlangan asarlar. T.I. (Tarjimon A.Rasulov. Mas\u02bcul muharrirlar: I.Abdullayev, O.Fayzullayev). T.: Fan, 1968. \u2013 B. 51.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 62.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Turayev B.Sinergetika: mohiyati va qonuniyatlari\/\/Sinergetika: mohiyati, qonuniyatlari va amalaliyotda namoyon bo\u02bblishi. Monografiya. \u2013 T.: \u201cNavro\u02bbz\u201d nashriyoti, 2017. \u2013 B. 12; Knyazeva Ye.N, Kurdyumov S.P. Osnov\u044b sinergetiki. Sinergeticheskoye mirovideniye. \u2013M., 2005. \u2013S. 20.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Rabosh V.A. Sinergetika obrazovaniya cheloveka \/\/ [Elektron resurs]\u00a0https:\/\/natural-sciences.ru\/ru\/article\/view?id=12420<\/a>\u00a0(Murojaat sanasi: 22.01.2023)<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>\u00a0Fayzullayev O. Abu Rayhon Beruniyning \u201cQadimgi xalqlardan qolgan yodgorliklar\u201d asaridagi ba\u02bczi masalalar haqida (Kirish so\u02bbzi) \/\/ Abu Rayhon Beruniy\u2026 Tanlangan asarlar. T.I. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1968. \u2013 B.26\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 28-29.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 35.<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 40.<\/span><\/div>\n
[11]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 40.<\/span><\/div>\n
[12]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 69.<\/span><\/div>\n
[13]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbsha manba. \u2013B. 70.<\/span><\/div>\n
[14]<\/a>O\u02bbsha manba. 71 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
Baxtiyor TURSUNOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi\u00a0Vazirlar Mahkamasi huzuridagi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abu Rayhon Beruniy (973-1048) butun hayoti va faoliyatini tabiiy, tarixiy va ijtimoiy fanlar tadqiqiga bag\u02bbishlagan yirik qomusiy olimdir. Buning isboti sifatida Beruniyning yaqin kishilaridan bo\u02bblgan qozi Valvolijiyning quyidagi so\u02bbzlarini keltirish mumkin: \u201cMen Abu Rayhon huzuriga u og\u02bbir nafas olayotgan, xirillab qolgan vaqtda kirdim. \u201cKimlar merosxo\u02bbr bo\u02bblishi haqida aytganlaringni takrorlab ber\u201d, \u2013 dedi. Unga ichim achib: …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nABU RAYHON B\u0415RUNIY \u2013 NOCHIZIQLI TAFAKKUR SOHIBI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ABU RAYHON B\u0415RUNIY \u2013 NOCHIZIQLI TAFAKKUR SOHIBI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27722&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABU RAYHON B\u0415RUNIY \u2013 NOCHIZIQLI TAFAKKUR SOHIBI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ABU RAYHON B\u0415RUNIY \u2013 NOCHIZIQLI TAFAKKUR SOHIBI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27722&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-12T06:19:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-12T10:32:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Nochiziqli.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27722&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27722&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ABU RAYHON B\u0415RUNIY \u2013 NOCHIZIQLI TAFAKKUR SOHIBI - 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