{"id":27563,"date":"2023-04-05T10:27:41","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T05:27:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27563"},"modified":"2023-04-05T10:27:41","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T05:27:41","slug":"yevropalik-diplomatlarning-esdaliklari-va-asarlari-buxoro-amirligi-va-rossiya-imperiyasi-o%ca%bbrtasidagi-munosabatlarni-o%ca%bbrganishda-boy-bebaho-manba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27563&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"YEVROPALIK DIPLOMATLARNING ESDALIKLARI VA ASARLARI BUXORO AMIRLIGI VA ROSSIYA IMPERIYASI O\u02bbRTASIDAGI MUNOSABATLARNI O\u02bbRGANISHDA BOY BEBAHO MANBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

XVII-XVIII asrlar O\u02bbrta Osiyo xalqlarining kundalik turmush tarzi va milliy xususiyatlarining yevropalik diplomat esdaliklarida yoritib berilgan. O\u02bbrta Osiyo xonliklarining yevropalik diplomatlar nigohidagi kundalik hayoti ancha qiziqarli, o\u02bbz navbatida sirli bo\u02bblganligi ayni haqiqat. Natijada, O\u02bbrta Osiyo xonliklarining hukmdorlari Rossiya, Yevropa va boshqa mintaqalar bilan savdo aloqalari jonlana boshlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIX asrning 20-yillarida O\u02bbrta Osiyoga yuborilgan ingliz missiyalari, asosan, Angliya burjuaziyasi tomonidan yuborilgan bo\u02bblsa, 30-yillarga kelganda bu ishga Britaniya hukumatining o\u02bbzi bevosita rahbarlik qila boshlaydi. Bu voqea inglizlarning pinhona rejalarini amalga oshirish uchun O\u02bbrta Osiyoga qat\u02bciy suratda kirib kelishidan darak berar edi. Buning asosiy sabablaridan biri 1825-yilda Angliyada boshlangan inqiroz bo\u02bblib, u butun Angliya sanoatining deyarli ko\u02bbpgina qismini o\u02bbz ichiga olgan. Oqibatda mamlakatning butun iqtisodi katta zarar ko\u02bbradi. Bu og\u02bbir ahvoldan qutilish uchun ingliz hukumati XIX asrning 30-yillarida butun O\u02bbrta Sharq hamda O\u02bbrta Osiyoni o\u02bbz ta\u02bcsir doirasiga olish uchun keng miqyosda savdo niqobi ostida o\u02bbz diplomatik missiyalarini boshlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu borada 1819-1825-yillarda Hindistondan Buxoroga Britaniya hukumati tomonidan maxsus topshiriqlar bilan Villiam Murkroft va Georg Trebek ekspeditsiyasi yuboriladi. Ekspeditsiyaning rasmiy maqsadi Ost-Indiya kompaniyasining otliq askarlari uchun “zotli otlar axtarishdan” iborat edi. Haqiqatda esa, u Amurdaryo vodiysiga inglizlarning kirishi mumkinligini aniqlash uchun yuborilgan ekspeditsiya bo\u02bblgan. Ingliz vakillarini O\u02bbrta Osiyoning hech qanday “zotli otlar”i emas, balki balki uning bozorlarida mutlaq Angliya hukmronligini o\u02bbrnatish masalasi qiziqtirardi. Masalan, bu haqida biz quyidagi asar orqali ma\u02bclumot olishimiz mumkin: Ushbu muhim manbaning ikkinchi jildi, beshinchi bo\u02bblimida O\u02bbrta Osiyoning asosiy aholisi, o\u02bbzbeklar, tojiklar, qozoqlar hamda eng yirik shaharlaridan Buxoro, Urganch, Qarshi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar keltirilgan [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Murkfort boshchiligida ekspeditsiya 1824-yil Angliyadan chiqib, 1825-yil fevral oyida Buxoroga yetib keladi. Ekspeditsiya tarkibida 70 kishi bo\u02bblib, ular olib kelgan 80 sandiqdan ortiq turli mollar qo\u02bbshbegiga taqdim etilgan. Inglizlar Buxoro xonligini har tomonlama o\u02bbrganishga mahalliy hukmdorlar orasida inglizlarga tarafdor guruhni shakllantirishga muvaffaq bo\u02bbldi. Ekspeditsiyaning yo\u02bbnalishi: Kashmir-Tibet-Sharqiy Turkiston ( Yorkent , Koshg\u02bbar) va O\u02bbrta Osiyo (Qo\u02bbqon, Samarqand, Buxoro) hududlari edi [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Murkfort ekspeditsiyasidan xabar topgan Rossiya hukmron doiralari tashvishga tushdi. Natijada Rossiya davlati hukumati Buxoro amiri Amir Haydarga inglizlarning Buxorodagi xatti harakatlaridan noroziligini bildiradi. Murkfort otryadi O\u02bbrta Osiyoga kelishdan oldin yaxshi tayyorgarlik ko\u02bbrib kelgan. Jumladan uning ekspeditsiyasining tarkibida yaxshi qurollangan qo\u02bbshin hamda 2 ta pushka ham bor edi. 1825-yil dastlabki ekspeditsiyasi natijasida Buxorodan tashqari Hisor, Qorategin, Shahrisabz O\u02bbratepa kabi shaharlarda bo\u02bbladi. Uning esdaliklari vafotidan keyin 20 yil o\u02bbtib ingliz sharqshunosi Goratsiy Vilson tomonidan o\u02bbrganilgan va nashr qilingan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1831-1833-yillarda Hindistondan Aleksandr Byorns Kobul va Buxoroga yuboriladi. A. Byornsga harbiy va geografik ma\u02bclumotlar to\u02bbplash va Kobul hamda Buxoro hokim doiralari bilan savdo va diplomatik aloqa bog\u02bblash topshirilgadi. Ost-Indiya kompaniyasi leytenanti Aleksandr Byorns Hindistondan Afg\u02bbonistonga, undan Buxoroga sayyoh sifatida keladi. Bu sayohat natijasida yig\u02bbilgan dalillar va shaxsiy kuzatuvlar “Travels into Bukhara” deb nomlangan uch jildlik kitobga asos bo\u02bbldi. Kitobning ikkinchi jild birinchi bobida O\u02bbrta Osiyoga umumiy va geografik ta\u02bcriflar beriladi. Shaharlar ko\u02bbrinishi, tog\u02bblar, daryolar, hayvonlar, o\u02bbsimliklar, aholi haqida, ikkinchi bobda Oks daryosi va Orol ko\u02bbli haqida ma\u02bclumotlar beriladi. Oltinchi bobda Xitoyning Buxoro va Qo\u02bbqon bilan munosabatlari yoritiladi. Sakkizinchi bobda Turkiston qabilalari, chig\u02bbatoy va o\u02bbzbeklar haqida ma\u02bclumotlar keltirilgan. Ikkinchi bo\u02bblim sakkizinchi bobda Buxoroning qisqacha tarixi, to\u02bbqqizinchi bobda Buxoroning harbiy va siyosiy qudrati haqida ma\u02bclumotlar beriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1839-yil Hirotda o\u02bbz qarorgohini vujudga keltirgan ingliz razvedkasi ayg\u02bboqchilar Markaziy Osiyoga yuborilib turgan. Xususan: Chalz Stoddart Lord Palmerston buyrug\u02bbi bilan 1838-yil 17-dekabr Buxoroda bo\u02bblgan ingliz josusi. Stoddartning asosiy vazifasi Buxoroning hokim amaldorlari bilan Rossiyaga qarshi birgalikda kurash olib borish uchun shartnoma tuzishdan iborat edi. Shaxsan o\u02bbzi amir saroyida bo\u02bblib amir Nasrullo bilan uchrashib ishonch yorlig\u02bbiga ega bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qo\u02bbqon tarixchisi Mulla olim Mahdum Hoji \u201cTarixi turkiston\u201d asarida bayon qilishicha [3], Buxoroga ular elchi sifatida kelganligi va yomon maqsadda kelmay, balki Rossiyaning bu yerga qasd va tajovuzi haqida aytish uchun kelganligini aytib o\u02bbtadi. Ular o\u02bbzlarini ismini o\u02bbzgartirib, yashirincha kelmaganliklari ma\u02bclum. Lekin ular o\u02bbzlarini Buxoro amiriga yaxshilab, Buyuk Britaniya va Buxoro orasidagi munosabatlarni mustahkamlash ekanligini aytib, Rossiya bilan munosabatlarini<\/span><\/p>\n

yomonlashtirib, asta-sekinlik bilan Angliya ta\u02bcsiriga, ya\u02bcni qaram davlatga aylantirish niyatlari borligini sezdirmaslikka harakat qilganlar. Haqiqatda esa, Stoddartning asosiy vazifasi Buxoroning hokim amaldorlari bilan Rossiyaga qarshi birgalikda kurash olib borish uchun shartnoma tuzishdan iborat edi. U o\u02bbzining maxfiy rejalarini sir saqlashga harakat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Keyingi uchrashuvda u Amirga harbiy ko\u02bbmak taklifini bildiradi.Amir buni o\u02bbz shaxsiga nisbatan haqorat deb hisoblaydi. Uchrashuvlar chog\u02bbida ingliz polkovnigi hudud taomiliga ko\u02bbra muzokaralarini tiz cho\u02bbkmay olib boradi.Bu esa uning taqdirini hal qiluvchi bahonalarini ko\u02bbpaytiradi. Shu sabab Amir Nasrullo uni zindonband etishga hukm qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Artur Konolli va uning \u201cKundaligi\u201dda Britaniya josusi kasbi yuzasidan turli davlatlarda bo\u02bblganligi qayd qilingan.U o\u02bbz kundaligida Qo\u02bbqon yaqinida faoliyat yuritgani chunki bu davrda Afg\u02bbonistonda qo\u02bbzg\u02bbolonlar avj olgan bir paytda Buxoroga yaqinlashmaslik buyrug\u02bbini olgan edi. Ayni paytda esa u Buxoro amiri uni amirlikka taklif etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Britaniya vakili polkovnik Stoddartni qutqarish bahonasi bilan Artur Konolli Xiva xonligiga keladi. Konolli Xiva xonligida qushbegi va mehtar bilan uchrashgan bo\u02bblsa-da, uning faoliyati ham muvaffaqiyatsiz bo\u02bbladi.Keyingi yillarini u yana bir safdoshi Konolli bilan amir zindonida o\u02bbtkazadi [4]. Konolli va Stoddart 1842-yilda Buxoro amiri Nasrulloxon tomonidan qatl ettiriladi.\u00a0 Konolli quyidagi asari orqali bizga O\u02bbrta Osiyo haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni beradi [5].<\/span><\/p>\n

1843-yilda Stoddart va Konollini taqdirini aniqlash uchun O\u02bbrta Osiyoga inglizlar Jozef Volf ismli vakillarini jo\u02bbnatadilar. Jozef Volf “Wolf J. Narrative of a mission to Bokhara in the years 1843-1845 to ascertain the fate of Colonel Stoddart and Captain Connolly” deb nomlangan asarida o\u02bbz faoliyati va O\u02bbrta Osiyo haqida ma\u02bclumotlarni yozib qoldirgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO\u02bbYXATI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Moorcrroft and G. Trebeak. Travels is Himalayan provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir; in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz and Bokhara from 1819 to 1825. Volume I. \u2014 London, 1841. \u2014 \u0420. 52.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Evgeny Sergeev. The Great Game, 1856-1907: Russo-British Relations in Central and East Asia. Baltimore, MD. \u2014 John Hopkins University Press. 2014. \u2013552 p<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Mirzo Olim Mahdum hoji. Tarixi Turkiston. \u2013 T.: Yangi asr avlodi, 2009. \u2013 249 b<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Muhammadjanov R. Ne\u02bcmatov T. Buxoro va Xivaning Rossiya bilan munosabatlari tarixiga doir ba\u02bczi manbalar.-T.:O\u02bbzbekiston SSR Fanlar Akademiyasi,1957. \u2013 224 b<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Conoly. A. Journet to the North of India overland from England through Russia, Persia and Afghanistan. London, 1838. \u2014 \u0420. 103.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Iskandar HAMRAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Buxoro davlat universiteti magistranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    XVII-XVIII asrlar O\u02bbrta Osiyo xalqlarining kundalik turmush tarzi va milliy xususiyatlarining yevropalik diplomat esdaliklarida yoritib berilgan. O\u02bbrta Osiyo xonliklarining yevropalik diplomatlar nigohidagi kundalik hayoti ancha qiziqarli, o\u02bbz navbatida sirli bo\u02bblganligi ayni haqiqat. Natijada, O\u02bbrta Osiyo xonliklarining hukmdorlari Rossiya, Yevropa va boshqa mintaqalar bilan savdo aloqalari jonlana boshlagan. XIX asrning 20-yillarida O\u02bbrta Osiyoga yuborilgan ingliz missiyalari, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27551,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nYEVROPALIK DIPLOMATLARNING ESDALIKLARI VA ASARLARI BUXORO AMIRLIGI VA ROSSIYA IMPERIYASI O\u02bbRTASIDAGI MUNOSABATLARNI O\u02bbRGANISHDA BOY BEBAHO MANBA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"YEVROPALIK DIPLOMATLARNING ESDALIKLARI VA ASARLARI BUXORO AMIRLIGI VA ROSSIYA IMPERIYASI O\u02bbRTASIDAGI MUNOSABATLARNI O\u02bbRGANISHDA BOY BEBAHO MANBA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27563&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"YEVROPALIK DIPLOMATLARNING ESDALIKLARI VA ASARLARI BUXORO AMIRLIGI VA ROSSIYA IMPERIYASI O\u02bbRTASIDAGI MUNOSABATLARNI O\u02bbRGANISHDA BOY BEBAHO MANBA - 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