{"id":27530,"date":"2023-04-03T16:29:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T11:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=27530"},"modified":"2023-04-03T16:29:14","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T11:29:14","slug":"t%d0%b5muriylar-davrida-qur%ca%bcon-ilmlari-rivoji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27530&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA QUR\u02bcON ILMLARI RIVOJI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qur\u02bconi karimga musulmon ulamolari tomonidan doimo yuksak e\u02bctibor berib kelingan. Sahobalar davridan hozirgi kunimizga qadar ushbu muqaddas kitob qamragan ilmlarga doir bir qancha asarlar ta\u02bclif etilgan. Nafaqat musulmonlar, balki musulmon bo\u02bblmagan xalqlar ham bir necha asrlardan buyon Qur\u02bconi karimni e\u02bctibor bilan o\u02bbrganib keladilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jahon tarixida sezilarli iz qoldirgan temuriylar sulolasi (1370\u20131507) Movarounnahr diyorida ilm-fan va madaniyat taraqqiyoti yo\u02bblida salmoqli ishlarni amalga oshirdi. Temuriylar davrida Movarounnahr O\u02bbrta asrlar Sharq tamaddunining markazlaridan biri edi. Mazkur davrda Qur\u02bcon ilmlarining muhim sohasi hisoblangan tafsir ilmiga katta e\u02bctibor qaratildi. Qur\u02bconi karim ilmlariga bag\u02bbishlangan asarlarning aksar qismi ushbu ilm sohasida tasnif etildi. Xususan, bu davrda XII\u2013XIII asrlarda yozilgan Mahmud Zamaxshariyning \u201cal-Kashshof\u201d, Abu Hafs Nasafiyning \u201cMadoriku-t-tanzil\u201d, Qozi Bayzoviyning \u201cAnvoru-t-tanzil va asroru-t-ta\u02bcvil\u201d kabi mashhur tafsir asarlariga sharh va hoshiyalar bitildi. Mustaqil yozilgan tafsirlarning aksariyati esa aqliy tafsir turlari sanalib, ular orasida tilshunoslik va ishoriy yo\u02bbnalishdagi tafsirlar salmog\u02bbi yuqori. Shuningdek, bu davrga xos xususiyatlardan biri ayrim suralar tafsiriga bag\u02bbishlangan asarlar yozilishi bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adabiyotlarda Amir Temur bejizga ilm-ma\u02bcrifat homiysi sifatida tilga olinmaydi. Sarkarda qaysi yurtga bormasin, o\u02bbsha yerdagi ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan olimlar, o\u02bbz sohasining mutaxassislariga omonlik berilishini ta\u02bckidlar, ularni Samarqandga olib kelib, ustoz maqomiga ko\u02bbtarar edi. Aynan ushbu omil saltanatning Amir Temurdan keyingi hayotida ham shar\u02bciy ilmlar, adabiyot, astronomiya, matematika kabi sohalarda salmoqli ishlar amalga oshirilishi uchun poydevor bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur davrida Samarqandda yashab, ilmiy faoliyat olib borgan mashhur olimlardan biri, kalom, mantiq, arab tili qoidalari, handasa, fiqh, tafsir kabi bir qator ilmlarning bilimdoni sanalgan Sa\u02bcduddin Taftazoniy (1322\u20131389)dir. Olim qirqdan ziyod asarlar yozgan bo\u02bblib, ularning aksariyati hozirga qadar diniy ta\u02bclim muassasalarida darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitib kelinmoqda. Uning tafsirga oid \u201cHoshiya ala-l-Kashshof\u201d (\u201cTalxis al-Kashshof\u201d) asari mashhur. Fors tilida yozilgan mazkur tafsirning bitta qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi 1:\u2116 10596 raqami ostida O\u02bbzR FA SHIda saqlanmoqda[1]<\/a>. Asar Mahmud Zamaxshariyning \u201cKashshof\u201d asariga yozilgan hoshiya hisoblanadi. Bu haqda Hoji Xalifa: \u201cUshbu asar \u201cKashshof\u201d sharhiga ta\u02bcliq qilib yozilgan\u201d, deb ta\u02bckidlagan. Taftazoniy ushbu asarni 1385 yili Samarqandda yozishni boshlagan, ammo oxiriga yetkaza olmagan. Asar Baqara surasidan Hud surasigacha va Zumar surasidan Taloq surasigacha bo\u02bblgan suralarni o\u02bbz ichiga qamrab olgan. Britaniya muzeyida asarning yana bir qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi saqlanadi[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, manbalarda \u201cKashf al-asror va uddat al-abror fi tafsir al-Qur\u02bcon\u201d nomli asar ham Taftazoniyga nisbat beriladi. O\u02bbzR FA SHIda 1:\u2116 3742 raqami ostida \u201cKashf al-asror va uddat al-abror\u201d nomli asar mavjud bo\u02bblib, u Taftazoniyga taalluqli deyilgan[3]<\/a>. Ushbu asar Qur\u02bconi karimga yozilgan forscha tafsirdir[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur hukmronlik yillarida Samarqandda faoliyat olib borgan yana bir zabardast olim Sayyid Sharif Jurjoniy bo\u02bblib, olim 1340 yili Jurjon yaqinidagi Toku qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. Olimning to\u02bbliq ismi Abul Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ali bo\u02bblib, sayyid nisbati payg\u02bbambar Muhammad (alayhissalom)ga nasab jihatidan bog\u02bbliqligi sababidan berilgan. Amir Temur 1387 yili Sherozni ishg\u02bbol qilgach, olimni Samarqandga olib kelgan va uni barcha mudarrislarga rais maqomiga ko\u02bbtargan edi. Sayyid Sharif Jurjoniy va uning asarlari haqida olib borilgan tadqiqotlarga ko\u02bbra, olim diniy va dunyoviy ilmlarga bag\u02bbishlangan yuzga yaqin asar yozgan. Asarlarining aksar qismini sharh va hoshiyalar tashkil etadi. Sayyid Sharif Jurjoniyning arab tili va adabiyotiga doir asarlari ilm ahllari doimiy murojaat qiluvchi kitoblar sifatida nasldan naslga o\u02bbtib keldi va uning fikrlari madrasalarda til va adabiyot darsliklari uchun asos bo\u02bblib xizmat qildi[5]<\/a>. Bulardan tashqari Jurjoniy tafsir, hadis, usuli hadis, bahs va munozara, geometriya va astronomiya ilmlariga oid qimmatli asarlar yozganki, ularning barchasi mazkur ilm sohalari mutaxassislari tarafidan qabul qilingan va ushbu sohalarning muhim manbalaridan hisoblab kelinmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tabaqot asarlarida olimning tafsir ilmiga oid \u201cHoshiya ala tafsir al-Bayzoviy\u201d, \u201cTafsir az-zahrovayn\u201d, \u201cHoshiya ala-l-Kashshof\u201d, \u201cTarjumon al-Qur\u02bcon\u201d, \u201cRisola fi qovlihi taala \u201cSanuriyhim ayatina fi-l-ofoqi va fi anfusihim\u201d\u201d, nomli asarlari zikr etiladi. Hozirga qadar olib borilgan tadqiqotlar natijasida olimning Qur\u02bcon ilmlariga oid yuqorida sanab o\u02bbtilgan asarlaridan tashqari \u201cSharh mufradot al-alfoz al-Qur\u02bcon li-r-Rog\u02bbib\u201d nomli asar ta\u02bclif etgani ham aniqlandi. Shuningdek, uning mashhur diniy istilohlar qomusi hisoblangan \u201cat-Ta\u02bcrifot\u201d asarida ham Qur\u02bcon ilmlari va Qur\u02bconi karimda zikr etilgan ayrim iboralarning ta\u02bcriflari keltirilgan. Bundan kelib chiqib, mazkur asarni olimning Qur\u02bcon ilmlariga oid asarlari qatorida tadqiq etish maqsadga muvofiq hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xoja Porso Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Hofiziy Buxoriy Movarounnahrning ulug\u02bb olimlaridan, naqshbandiya tariqatining mashhur shayxi va Xoja Bahouddin Naqshbandning yaqin shogirdi. 1355 yilda Buxoroda tug\u02bbilgan. Allomaning umumiy hisobda yigirmaga yaqin asarlari mavjudligi manbalarda aytilgan. Ulardan tafsirga oid \u201cTafsiri Qur\u02bcon\u201d nomli asari mashhur. Uning 1:\u2116 2180 raqami ostida bir qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi O\u02bbzR SHIda saqlanadi. Uning 3 beti Abdurahmon Jomiyga tegishli. Mazkur tafsir Qadr surasidan Humaza surasigacha bo\u02bblgan suralar tafsiriga bag\u02bbishlangan. Xoja Muhammad Porso tasavvuf peshvolaridan bo\u02bblgani uchun ham boshqa asarlari qatori tafsirida ham unga e\u02bctibor qaratadi. Tafsirda Fotiha, Qadr, Bayyina, Zalzala, Adiyat, Qoria, Takasur, Asr va Humaza suralaridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Umrining asosiy qismini Movarounnahrda o\u02bbtkazgan va shu yerda vafot etgan Ya\u02bcqub Charxiy 1363 yilda Afg\u02bbonistonning G\u02bbazna shahriga qarashli Charx qishlog\u02bbida tug\u02bbilgan. Olim \u201cTafsir-i Charxiy\u201d nomli tafsir kitobini yozgan. Uning bir necha qo\u02bblyozma nusxalari O\u02bbzR FA SHIda saqlanmoqda. Mazkur tafsir fors tilida yozilgan bo\u02bblib, u tasavvufiy tafsirlardan sanaladi. Chunki mufassir bir tomondan Naqshbandiy tariqatining peshvolaridan bo\u02bblsa, yana bir tomondan o\u02bbsha paytda fors tilida asarlar yozish an\u02bcana tusini olgan edi. Shu sabab ham muallif ushbu an\u02bcanaga muvofiq, forsiy tafsir bitadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTafsiri Charxiy\u201d asari O\u02bbrta Osiyoda fors tilida yozilgan ilk tafsirlardan biri hisoblanadi. Lekin, ushbu tafsir Qur\u02bconi Karimning to\u02bbliq tafsiri bo\u02bblmay, balki Fotiha surasi hamda oxirgi ikki porani o\u02bbz ichiga oladi. Tafsirining bu kabi qisqa bo\u02bblishi haqida muallifning o\u02bbzi shunday deydi: \u201cMendan bir guruh do\u02bbstlar, birodarlar Fotihaga hamda Mulk surasidan to kitobning oxirigacha katta-kichik foydalana olishlari uchun fors tilida tafsir yozib berishimni iltimos qildilar\u201d[6]<\/a>. Shu tariqa tafsir yozishga kirishgan Mavlono Charxiy o\u02bbz asarida jami 49 ta surani tafsir qildi. Lekin tafsirning yozilgan sanasi esa aniq emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Movarounnahrlik taniqli muarrix, faqih va mufassir Kamoluddin Sulton Muhammad Hofiz Ko\u02bbhakiy Farkandiy Toshqandiy 1490 yilda Toshkentda tug\u02bbilgan. Mavlono Ali Qushchining nabirasi hisoblangan ushbu olim yoshligidan ilm talabida Misr, Iroq, Shom, Yaman, Hijoz, Afg\u02bboniston, Eron, Turkiya, Sharqiy Turkistonga safar qilgan. Bobur huzuriga elchi bo\u02bblib borgan. O\u02bbz yerining bir qismida madrasa tashkil etib, o\u02bbzi ham unda dars bergan. 1572 yilda vafot etgan, qabri Qaffol Shoshiy maqbarasiga kiraverishda joylashgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimning Qur\u02bcon sharhiga oid \u201cHoshiya ala tafsir al-Bayzoviy\u201d[7]<\/a>\u00a0asari mavjud bo\u02bblib, mashhur \u201cTafsir al-Bayzoviy\u201dga yozilgan hoshiya-izohdir. Shuningdek, Sharqshunoslik instituti xazinasida 1:\u2116 9857\/4 raqami ostida Ko\u02bbhakiyga mansub deb berilgan \u201cTafsir oyatil Kursiy\u201d asari saqlanmoqda[8]<\/a>. Yana xuddi shu nomda ushbu muallifga taalluqli 1:\u2116 5600\/26 raqami ostida bir asar ham bo\u02bblib, uning ko\u02bbchirilgan sanasi 1250\/1834 yilda deyilgan[9]<\/a>. Bundan tashqari, 1\u2116 8160\/5 raqami ostida bir asar bo\u02bblib, uning ko\u02bbchirilgan sanasi: 1044\/1634 yilga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi[10]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Temuriylar davrida ilmiy faoliyat olib borib, Qur\u02bcon ilmlariga oid asarlar bitgan Muhammad ibn Jazariy, Ali Qushchi, Alouddin Ali Tusiy, Alisher Navoiy kabi boshqa ko\u02bbplab olimlarni ham sanab o\u02bbtish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa o\u02bbrnida aytish lozimki, bu davrda yozilgan Qur\u02bcon ilmlariga oid asarlarning aksar qismi tafsir yo\u02bbnalishida bo\u02bblib, ular muqaddam tasnif etilgan mashhur tafsirlar sharhi yoxud ayrim suralar tafsiriga bag\u02bbishlangani bilan xususiyatlidir. Ularni o\u02bbrganish va ilmiy muomalaga kiritish davlatchiligimiz asosi bo\u02bblmish temuriylar davrida Qur\u02bcon ilmlarining o\u02bbrganilishi va rivojlanish bosqichlari bo\u02bbyicha xulosa qilishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Bu qo\u02bblyozma 437 varaq (437 b \u2013 1 b.)dan iborat; 14×24,5 sm; 21 yo\u02bbl; lavhali; arabcha; nasx xatida. Qarang: Umurzoqov B. Tafsiri bahr. Qo\u02bblyozma kitoblar asosida Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlari ma\u02bcnolarining ilmiy-izohli tarjima va tafsirlari (29-30 juz): monografiya. \u2013 T.: \u201cToshkent islom universiteti\u201d nashriyot-matbaa birlashmasi, 2010. \u2013 B. 412.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bb.Palvanov. Sa\u02bcduddin Taftazoniy va uning \u201cSharh al-aqoid an-Nasafiya\u201d asari. \u2013 T.: \u201cToshkent islom universiteti\u201d nashriyot-matbaa birlashmasi, 2015. \u2013 B. 21.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Mas\u02bcud ibn Umar Sa\u02bcduddin at-Taftazoniy. Kashf al-asror va iddatul abror. O\u02bblchami: 2×27,\u00a0 130 varaq, 25 yo\u02bbl, suls yozuvida, fors tilida, Yusuf surasidan boshlanadi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Sa\u02bcduddin Taftazoniy. Sharh al-Maqosid. \u2013 J. 1. \u2013 B. 8.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Sadriddin Gumush. Seyyid Sherif Jurjani. \u2013 Instanbul: Fatih yayinevi matbaasi, 1984. \u00a0\u2013 B. 110.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Ya\u02bcqub Charxiy. \u201cTafsiri Charxiy\u201d, O\u02bbzR FA SHI xazinasi, Inv. N 12518, 1b-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>\u00a0Abdulloh Abdulhamid Saad. O\u02bbrta Osiyo olimlari qomusi \/ Z.I.Munavvarov tahriri ostida. \u2013 T.: Imom Buxoriy respublika ilmiy-ma\u02bcrifiy markazi nashriyoti, 2007. \u2013 B. 227-228.<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>U 6 varaq (79 b \u2013 73 b.); 14×26 sm; 17 yo\u02bbl; arabcha; nasta\u02bcliq xatida yozilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>7 varaq (264 b \u2013 258 b.); 14×24 sm; 15 yo\u02bbl; arabcha; nasta\u02bcliq xatida; kotibi: Muhammad Sharif ibn Qulmuhammad.<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>\u00a0U 5 varaq (169 b \u2013 154 b.)dan iborat; 13,5×21 sm; 22 yo\u02bbl; arabcha; nasta\u02bcliq xatida; kotibi: Bobo ibn Yodgor.<\/span><\/div>\n
Doston MUSTAFAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Islomshunoslik va islom sivilizatsiyasini o\u02bbrganish<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
ISESCO kafedrasi tayanch doktoranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qur\u02bconi karimga musulmon ulamolari tomonidan doimo yuksak e\u02bctibor berib kelingan. Sahobalar davridan hozirgi kunimizga qadar ushbu muqaddas kitob qamragan ilmlarga doir bir qancha asarlar ta\u02bclif etilgan. Nafaqat musulmonlar, balki musulmon bo\u02bblmagan xalqlar ham bir necha asrlardan buyon Qur\u02bconi karimni e\u02bctibor bilan o\u02bbrganib keladilar. Jahon tarixida sezilarli iz qoldirgan temuriylar sulolasi (1370\u20131507) Movarounnahr diyorida ilm-fan va …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27528,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA QUR\u02bcON ILMLARI RIVOJI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA QUR\u02bcON ILMLARI RIVOJI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27530&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA QUR\u02bcON ILMLARI RIVOJI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA QUR\u02bcON ILMLARI RIVOJI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27530&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-03T11:29:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/temuriiy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27530&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=27530&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA QUR\u02bcON ILMLARI RIVOJI - 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