{"id":26988,"date":"2023-03-03T09:52:06","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T04:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=26988"},"modified":"2023-03-02T16:53:05","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T11:53:05","slug":"abu-zayd-al-balxiy-islom-psixologiyasi-va-psixot%d0%b5rapiyasi-asoschisi-sifatida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26988&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ABU ZAYD AL-BALXIY \u2013 ISLOM PSIXOLOGIYASI VA PSIXOT\u0415RAPIYASI ASOSCHISI SIFATIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ayni davrda zamonaviy ilmlarning taraqqiyoti bilan birga tarixda yozilgan islom olimlarining asarlarini o\u02bbrganishga ham ehtiyoj mavjud bo\u02bblib, bu XXI asr kishisiga ham dunyoviy, ham diniy jihatdan ma\u02bclum bir masalaga yondasha olishga imkon beradi. Shuni alohida ta\u02bckidlash kerakki, islom olimlari o\u02bbz davrida din ilmlari bilangina cheklanib qolmay, turli fan sohalarida noyob asarlar yozib qoldirishgani tarixdan ma\u02bclum. Shunday olimlardan biri Abu Zayd al-Balxiydir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiyaning Istanbul shahrida joylashgan Ayasofiya kutubxonasida ko\u02bbpchilikni hayratda qoldira oladigan bir manba saqlanib kelinmoqda. U bir-biridan mustaqil ikki qismdan iborat bo\u02bblib, IX asrda tibbiyot sohasidagi mashhur ensiklopedist olim Abu Zayd Ahmad ibn Sahl al-Balxiy tomonidan alohida ikki yo\u02bbnalishda \u201cTana va qalb ozuqasi\u201d nomi ostida yozib qoldirilgan. Geografiyadan adabiyotgacha o\u02bbz hissasini qo\u02bbshgan bu olimning, afsuski, faqat ushbu, ya\u02bcni psixoterapiyaga oid asarigina saqlanib qolgan. Olimning davrigacha bo\u02bblgan muddatda inson salomatligiga doir qilingan ishlarga qo\u02bbshimcha tarzda u aqliy va psixik salomatlikning muhim ekanligi yuzasidan zamonaviy fikrlarni ilgari surgan qo\u02bbllanma yozib qoldirgan. O\u02bbziga xos qobiliyati orqali Abu Zayd al-Balxiy shaxslardagi psixopatalogk muammolarni nisbatan yengil hisoblangan psixologik buzilishlarni: stres, depressiya, qo\u02bbrquv, xavotir, fobiya va obsessive-kompulsiv buzilishlarni kognitiv-bixeviorial terapiya orqali tushuntirgan va diagnoz qilgan. Bu esa hozirgi zamonaviy psixologiyadagi terapiyaning tarmoqlariga mos keladi. Shuningdek, u qalb muolajasi va Allohga ibodatning psixologik ahamiyatini o\u02bbz ichiga oladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Zayd al-Balxiy tana va ruhiy kasalliklarning belgilari, ularni aniqlash, oldini olish, davolash va salomatlikni dastlabki holatiga qaytarish yuzasidan aniq izohlar keltirgan. U insonning psixologik holati va hissiy jihatlarini tibbiy jihatini ko\u02bbrsatib berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Zayd al-Balxiy qomusiy olim edi. Uning ilm-fanga qo\u02bbshgan katta hissasi juda ko\u02bbp turli sohalarni qamrab oldi. Shu sababli ular bizning zamonaviy ongimizda bir-biriga bog\u02bbliq emasdek tuyuladi. U shuningdek, o\u02bbz davridan ko\u02bbp asrlar oldin yozilgan asarlarni o\u02bbrgangan; tashvish va kayfiyat buzilishlarini kognitiv davolash usullarini taklif qilgan dunyodagi birinchi ma\u02bclum kognitiv psixologlardan biri bo\u02bblgan. Sermahsul yozuvchi va ensiklopedist olim oltmishdan ortiq kitoblar va qo\u02bblyozmalar muallifi, geografiya, tibbiyot, ilohiyot, siyosat, falsafa, she\u02bcriyat, adabiyot, arab grammatikasi, astrologiya, astronomiya, matematika, biografiya, axloq, sotsiologiya kabi turli xil fanlarni puxta o\u02bbrgangan olim sanaladi. Juda ko\u02bbp sohalarni o\u02bbrganganligiga qaramay, uning buyuk olim sifatida shon-shuhratga geografiya fani doirasidagi faoliyati natijasida erishdi. U Yer xaritasini tuzish uchun \u201cBalx maktabi\u201d ga asos soldi va shu bilan u geografiya fani asoschilaridan biri sifatida nom qoldirdi. Afsuski, bunday manbalarning aksariyati: qimmatli hujjatlar, qo\u02bblyozmalar yo yo\u02bbqolgan yoki muzeylarda, borish imkonsiz bo\u02bblgan kutubxonalarda yashiringan holda saqlanib kelinmoqda. Muallifning biografik ko\u02bbrinishdagi asarlari esa deyarli saqlanmagan. Yozuvchining hayoti haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni faqat Yoqut al-Hamaviy asarlaridagina uchratish mumkin. U asarining shoirlar tarjimai holi bo\u02bbyicha taniqli jildida Abu Zayd Ahmad ibn Sahl al-Balxiy ekanligini va u hijriy 235 (milodiy 849) yili Shomisitiyan degan kichik qishloq (Hozir Afg\u02bboniston tarkibiga kiruvchi Forsning Balx viloyati)da tug\u02bbilganligi haqida ma\u02bclumot beradi. Qolaversa, u dastlabki ta\u02bclimni otasidan olganini ta\u02bckidlaydi va shu bilan bundan tashqari ma\u02bclumot keltirmaydi. Biroq u olimning yoshligi, o\u02bbsha davrdagi ilm-fan va san\u02bcat yo\u02bbnalishida o\u02bbz bilimini oshirishga intilganligi haqida batafsil ma\u02bclumot beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Hamaviyning yozishicha, Abu Zayd al-Balxiyning shogirdlaridan biri Abu Muhammad al-Hassan ibn al-Vaziriy uni shunday tasvirlaydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

U kishi o\u02bbrta bo\u02bbyli, quyuq jigarrang ko\u02bbzlari bo\u02bbrtib chiqqan, yuzlarida chechak izlari bor, mutlaqo sokin, o\u02bbychan va uyatchan shaxsiyatga ega inson bo\u02bblgan edi. Ushbu ta\u02bcrifdan uning shaxsiyati haqida juda puxta, sinchkov tabiatga ega, talabchan, yuqori darajadagi introvert va mukammal mutaxassis bo\u02bblgan. Ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, u ijtimoiylashuvdan ko\u02bbra yolg\u02bbizlik va tafakkurni afzal ko\u02bbrgan, do\u02bbstlari davrasida bo\u02bblish, turli xil joylardagi tadbirlarda qatnashishdan yiroq bo\u02bblgan. Boshqa jihatdan olib qaraganda, Balziyning introvertligi unga juda ko\u02bbp ixtirolarni va \u201cMasalih al-abdan va al-anfus\u201d asarini sabr-qanoat, o\u02bbtkir zehn bilan o\u02bbrganish va yozib chiqishga imkon bergan. Olim o\u02bbz-o\u02bbzini kuzatishga moyil va analitik fikrlaydigan bo\u02bblgani uchun ham IX asrda psixosomatik kasalliklar, psixoz va nevrozning farqi, depressiyaning normal, reaktiv va endogen turlarining klassifikatsiyasi yoki psixologik kasalliklarni davolashda kognitiv terapiyadan foydalanish kabi ishlarni amalga oshira oldi. U o\u02bbz qo\u02bblyozmasida ta\u02bckidlaganidek, undan oldin hech bir olim bunday turdagi tibbiy-psixologik risola yozmagan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida aytib o\u02bbtilganidek, al-Balxiy nafaqat buyuk tabib, balki polimat, taniqli geograf va buyuk musulmon ilohiyotchisi edi, u arab nasrining ham ustasi bo\u02bblib, munozaraga moyil emas edi. Al-Vaziriy Balxiy haqida gapirib: \u201cU gapirganda qimmatbaho toshlar yomg\u02bbiri yog\u02bbardi\u201d, \u2013 deydi. Shuningdek, Al-Vaziriy Balxiy bilan o\u02bbsha davrdagi eng taniqli ikki yozuvchisini taqqoslaydi. Bunda Al-Jahiz juda ko\u02bbp va Al-Rayhoniy juda kam so\u02bbzdan foydalangani holda Balxiy lingvistik dalillarni notiqlik bilan ifodalab, har qanday mavzuni osonlik bilan ravon tilda tushuntirib bera olardi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Hamaviy Balxiyning yozish uslubini tavsiflar ekan, shunday deydi: Uning ham klassik, ham zamonaviy bilimlarni chuqur egallagani unga faylasuflarga xos uslubni tanlashi bilan birga, har qanday inson tushuna oladigan tilda asarlar yozishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uning ayrim yozganlari hikmatli so\u02bbz va matallarga aylangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kimdir seni senda yo\u02bbq sifat bilan maqtasa, senda yo\u02bbq sifat bilan yomonlamasligiga ham kafolat yo\u02bbq.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Din falsafaning eng buyugidir, shu sababli faylasuflar dinni bilmaguncha kuchli faylasuf bo\u02bbla olmaydilar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Eng kuchli davo \u2013 bilim.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Al-Balxiy sabr-toqat bilan ilm olmaganida va qiyinchiliklarga kamtarlik bilan bardosh bermaganida bu nufuzli ilmiy maqomga ega bo\u02bblmagan bo\u02bblardi. Al-Hamaviy yozishicha, u o\u02bbz ona shahri Balxdan Bag\u02bbdodga borib, u yerda istiqomat qilgan sakkiz yil davomida diniy va dunyoviy bilimlarni izlaydi, o\u02bbz davrining ilmiy metodologiyasini egallaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Xulosa qilib aytganda, olim islom bilimlarini fiziologiya, psixologiya va psixoterapiya bilan bog\u02bblay olgan. U psixik kasalliklarga aniq, asoslangan terapiya usullarini taqdim qilgan, fiziologik va psixologik kasalliklarning turlarini alohida ajratib ko\u02bbrsatgan va ularga davo topa olgan ilk musulmon psixologlaridan edi. Tibbiyotga doir olib borgan tadqiqotlari hozirgi zamonaviy tibbiyotga muvofiq keladi, psixologiyaga oid nazariy va amaliy xulosalari esa ayni davrdagi shaxslarda kuchayib borayotgan muammolarga ayni yechim bo\u02bbla oladi, deyish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sojidaxon\u00a0SOBIROVA
    \n<\/strong>O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi<\/span>
    \nDin psixologiyasi yo\u02bbnalishi 1-kurs magistranti<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ayni davrda zamonaviy ilmlarning taraqqiyoti bilan birga tarixda yozilgan islom olimlarining asarlarini o\u02bbrganishga ham ehtiyoj mavjud bo\u02bblib, bu XXI asr kishisiga ham dunyoviy, ham diniy jihatdan ma\u02bclum bir masalaga yondasha olishga imkon beradi. Shuni alohida ta\u02bckidlash kerakki, islom olimlari o\u02bbz davrida din ilmlari bilangina cheklanib qolmay, turli fan sohalarida noyob asarlar yozib qoldirishgani tarixdan ma\u02bclum. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nABU ZAYD AL-BALXIY \u2013 ISLOM PSIXOLOGIYASI VA PSIXOT\u0415RAPIYASI ASOSCHISI SIFATIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0410\u0411\u0423 \u0417\u0410\u0419\u0414 \u0410\u041b-\u0411\u0410\u041b\u0425\u0418\u0419 \u2013 \u0418\u0421\u041b\u041e\u041c \u041f\u0421\u0418\u0425\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u042f\u0421\u0418 \u0412\u0410 \u041f\u0421\u0418\u0425\u041e\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0410\u041f\u0418\u042f\u0421\u0418 \u0410\u0421\u041e\u0421\u0427\u0418\u0421\u0418 \u0421\u0418\u0424\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0414\u0410\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26988&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABU ZAYD AL-BALXIY \u2013 ISLOM PSIXOLOGIYASI VA PSIXOT\u0415RAPIYASI ASOSCHISI SIFATIDA - 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