{"id":26922,"date":"2023-02-28T14:31:48","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T09:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=26922"},"modified":"2023-02-28T14:31:48","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T09:31:48","slug":"kitob-tabiblari-yoxud-qo%ca%bblyozmalar-r%d0%b5stavratsiyasining-ko%ca%bbhna-an%ca%bcanalari-va-yangilanishlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26922&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"KITOB \u201cTABIBLARI\u201d YOXUD QO\u02bbLYOZMALAR R\u0415STAVRATSIYASINING KO\u02bbHNA AN\u02bcANALARI VA YANGILANISHLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qadim-qadimdan barcha xalqlarda kitob yaxshilikka yetaklovchi ezgulik manbai sifatida qadrlab kelingan. kitob so\u02bbzi Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlarida 200 dan ortiq o\u02bbrinda kelgan, uning ma\u02bcnosiga dalolat qiladigan oyatlar ham juda ko\u02bbp marta zikr qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kitob so\u02bbzi arabcha bo\u02bblib, \u201co\u02bbz ichiga jamlamoq\u201d, \u201cto\u02bbplamoq\u201d kabi ma\u02bcnolarni anglatadi. Arablar biror katta oilaga tegishli barcha o\u02bbg\u02bbil\u00ad-qizlar va nevara\u00ad-chevaralar ota hovliga to\u02bbplansa, \u201cTakattaba banu fulan\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cFalonchining avlodlari to\u02bbplanibdi\u201d, deyishadi. Shuningdek, bu so\u02bbz bir narsaning qator\u00ad-qator qilib terilishiga ham ishlatiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kitob madaniyat va ma\u02bcrifat, taraqqiyot manbai, undagi ilm aql kamoloti, qalb va ruh sokinligi ozuqasi, shuningdek, bashariyatni ezgulik sari yetaklovchi sarbondir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kitoblar olamida bebaho boylik bo\u02bblgan, bugungi taraqqiyotimizning ilk manbasi, ildizi bo\u02bblgan qo\u02bblyozma nusxalar mavjud. Ular fondlarimizdan joy olgunga qadar ne\u00adne og\u02bbir kunlarni kechirgan, tabiiy va sun\u02bciy talafotlar ularning katta qismiga jiddiy zarar yetkazgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahmatkash ota\u00ad-bobolarimiz bu bebaho xazinani vujudga keltirish uchun qancha ko\u02bbz nurlarini ketkazgan. Birgina Imom Buxoriy hazratlarining \u201cSahih al-\u00adjome\u201d to\u02bbplami o\u02bbn besh yillik mehnat samarasidir. Ibn Hajar Asqaloniy \u201cSahih al\u00adjome\u201dga sharh yozish uchun o\u02bbttiz yil umrini sarf qilgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugun biz buyuk allomalar vorislari sifatida ana shu xazinalarni munosib saqlab, eng muhimi, ularning ichidagi dunyoyu oxirat saodatiga eltuvchi ilmu ma\u02bcrifatni egallab o\u02bbrganyapmizmi? Bugun ilmu ma\u02bcrifat uchun hamma kuch safarbar qilinmasa, tobora murakkablashib borayotgan muammolarga yechim topa olmaymiz.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qo\u02bblyozma kitoblar o\u02bbziga xos sirli xususiyati bilan bosma kitoblardan ajralib turadi. Ularni mutolaa qilar ekansiz, har bir satri, har bir harfi orqali buyuk ajdodlarimiz naqadar xolisligiga guvoh bo\u02bblasiz. Bobolarimiz kelajak avlodlar uchun bor imkoniyatlarini ishga solgan. Yusuf Xos Hojib aytganidek:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bitib qo\u02bbymasaydi dono qalami,\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
Qorong\u02bbu<\/em>\u00a0qolurdi moziy olami.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n

Ayrim qo\u02bblyozma kitoblar insoniyat taraqqiyoti uchun juda katta ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblishiga qaramay, ularning xokisor mualliflari nomlarini ham yozib qoldirmagan. Muallif nomi qayd etiladigan joyga \u201cAllohning rahmatiga muhtoj banda nomidan\u201d, degan\u00a0 xolisona satrlarni bitib qo\u02bbyishganini ko\u02bbrib, beixtiyor ko\u02bbzingizga yosh keladi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mana shunday bebaho qadriyatimizga aylangan qo\u02bblyozma kitoblarning eng qadimgisi 1400 yoshdan oshmoqda. Shu nuqtai nazardan ularning ko\u02bbplari qayta ta\u02bcmirga muhtoj. Bu ish bilan esa kitob \u201ctabiblari\u201d \u2013 restavratorlar shug\u02bbullanadi. Bu kasb egalari o\u02bbz xizmati bilan o\u02bbtmish va kelajak o\u02bbrtasidagi ko\u02bbprik vazifasini bajaradi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunda ayni sohaning qayta jonlanishi G\u02bbarbu Sharqda ancha jadal tus ola boshladi. Jumladan, O\u02bbzbekistonda ham bu sohada bir necha laboratoriya faoliyat yuritmoqda. Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik instituti, O\u02bbzbekistondagi islom sivilizatsiyasi markazi, O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi, Markaziy davlat arxivi va yurtimizning ko\u02bbplab tarixiy muzeylarida qadimgi qo\u02bblyozmalar, vasiqa va hujjatlar, shuningdek, nasabnoma va shajaralar kabi ma\u02bcnaviy osori atiqalar saqlanadi. Ayni paytda bu bebaho merosimizni o\u02bbrganish bilan birga, turli sabablarga ko\u02bbra talafot ko\u02bbrgan kitoblar imkon qadar qayta tiklanmoqda.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qo\u02bblyozma kitobning vujudga kelishida bir necha kishi, jumladan, qog\u02bboz yasovchi, muallif, so\u02bbng xattotlar, kotiblar, varaqlarni (kurrosalarga) joylab tikuvchi va muqovalovchi sahhoflar ishtirok etgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunda qadimgi kitoblar 3 ta asosiy usul \u2013 maxsus zamonaviy jihozlar yordamidagi mexanik usul, issiqlik energiyasi vositasidagi maxsus jihozlar va qo\u02bbl mehnati orqali ta\u02bcmirlanmoqda.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mexanik usul orqali ta\u02bcmirlash, asosan, toshbosma kitoblarni tiklashda qo\u02bbllanadi. Bu usulda zamonaviy texnologiyalar yordamida tabiiy ashyolardan olingan turli kukunlardan foydalaniladi. Avvalo, kukunlardan qog\u02bboz rangiga qarab munosib rang tanlanadi, shuningdek, qog\u02bbozning qalin yoki yupqaligiga qarab kukun miqdori ham belgilanib, suvli eritma tayyorlanadi. Kitobning zarar ko\u02bbrgan sahifalari alohida ajratib olingach, maxsus idishlarga joylashtiriladi. Idishlarning ost qismi juda ham mayda teshikchalardan iborat bo\u02bblib, kerakli paytda ichidagi qorishmali suv shu o\u02bbta mayda teshiklar orqali tushirib yuboriladi, natijada sahifalardagi yirtilgan, bo\u02bbsh joylarga kukun quyqalari to\u02bblib, ular bus\u00adbutun holga keladi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyingi usul, ya\u02bcni issiqlik energiyasi orqali ko\u02bbproq toshbosma kitoblar ta\u02bcmirlanadi. Zamonaviy maxsus apparatda keng va uzun tasmalar bo\u02bbladi, shu tasmalar yuzasiga kitobning talafot ko\u02bbrgan sahifalari terib chiqiladi va ustidan maxsus yelimli qog\u02bboz yopiladi. Tasma varaqlarni yuqori haroratli pechga olib kiradi, natijada zarar ko\u02bbrgan varaqlar yelim va qog\u02bboz orqali tiklanadi. Yuqoridagi ikki usul orqali ta\u02bcmirlash jarayonida kitob qog\u02bbozlari muayyan darajada zararlanishi mumkin, ayniqsa, nodir qo\u02bblyozma kitoblardagi noyob qog\u02bboz va yozuvlarga jiddiy zarar yetishi hech gap emas. Shuning uchun qo\u02bblyozmalarni bu usul orqali ta\u02bcmirlash tavsiya etilmaydi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Uchinchi usul, ya\u02bcni qo\u02bbl mehnati orqali ta\u02bcmirlash eng qadimiysidir. Bu usulda ta\u02bcmirlashda qo\u02bblyozmaning asl nusxasiga umuman salbiy ta\u02bcsir bo\u02bblmaydi. Dastlab ta\u02bcmirtalab qo\u02bblyozmaning barcha sahifalari raqamlanadi va alohida ajratiladi. Yirtilgan yoki kuygan, biologik zararkunandalardan zarar ko\u02bbrgan sahifalar ta\u02bcmir stoliga ajratib qo\u02bbyiladi. Kitob sahifasining hajmiga teng, ayni shu sahifa sifatiga yaqin keladigan qog\u02bboz tayyorlanadi yoki matni mutlaq talafot ko\u02bbrgan kitoblarning, bo\u02bbsh qog\u02bbozlari matn chetlaridagi toza qog\u02bbozlaridan foydalaniladi. Kitobning yirtilgan varag\u02bbiga yangi qog\u02bboz tabiiy yelim bilan yopishtiriladi. So\u02bbng yangi qog\u02bbozning ortiqcha qismlari maxsus pichoqcha yordamida olib tashlanadi, chetlari mayin qumqog\u02bboz yordamida tekislanadi va natijada yaxlit sahifa vujudga keladi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahifadagi yo\u02bbqolgan matnlar boshqa nusxalarda mavjud bo\u02bblsa, xattotlar yordamida to\u02bbldiriladi. Sahifalarni terish, tiklash, jamlash, muqovalash \u2013 ta\u02bcmirdagi bu to\u02bbrt jarayon kitobning talafot ko\u02bbrganlik darajasiga qarab kechadi. Sahifalar chokidan chiqib chalkashib ketgan bo\u02bblsa, tartiblash \u201ctad\u02bcim\u201d, yirtilib bir parchasi yo\u02bbqolgan bo\u02bblsa \u201ctarmim\u201d, kurrosalar so\u02bbkilgan bo\u02bblsa, jamlab chiqish va tikish \u201ctajmi\u201d, mustahkam muqovalash \u201ctasbit\u201d deyiladi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nodir manbalar ta\u02bcmiri juda mas\u02bculiyatli ish. Zero, qo\u02bblyozmalarning umrini uzaytirib, dunyo va oxirat saodati uchun xizmat qilishdek xayrli amallarni mas\u02bculiyatsiz bajarib bo\u02bblmaydi. Eng muhimi, bu sohaning fidoyi mutaxassislari ota\u00adbobolarining bebaho merosini omonat bilib, avlodlarga soz holda qoldirishdek sharafli vazifasidan faxrlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammadsiddiq USMONOV,<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Manbalar xazinasi bo\u02bblimi mudiri<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Manba: \u201cYangi O\u02bbzbekiston\u201d gazetasi 2023 yil 28 fevral, 40(829) son<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qadim-qadimdan barcha xalqlarda kitob yaxshilikka yetaklovchi ezgulik manbai sifatida qadrlab kelingan. kitob so\u02bbzi Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlarida 200 dan ortiq o\u02bbrinda kelgan, uning ma\u02bcnosiga dalolat qiladigan oyatlar ham juda ko\u02bbp marta zikr qilingan. Kitob so\u02bbzi arabcha bo\u02bblib, \u201co\u02bbz ichiga jamlamoq\u201d, \u201cto\u02bbplamoq\u201d kabi ma\u02bcnolarni anglatadi. Arablar biror katta oilaga tegishli barcha o\u02bbg\u02bbil\u00ad-qizlar va nevara\u00ad-chevaralar ota hovliga to\u02bbplansa, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26920,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[642],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKITOB \u201cTABIBLARI\u201d YOXUD QO\u02bbLYOZMALAR R\u0415STAVRATSIYASINING KO\u02bbHNA AN\u02bcANALARI VA YANGILANISHLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"KITOB \u201cTABIBLARI\u201d YOXUD QO\u02bbLYOZMALAR R\u0415STAVRATSIYASINING KO\u02bbHNA AN\u02bcANALARI VA YANGILANISHLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26922&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KITOB \u201cTABIBLARI\u201d YOXUD QO\u02bbLYOZMALAR R\u0415STAVRATSIYASINING KO\u02bbHNA AN\u02bcANALARI VA YANGILANISHLAR - 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