{"id":26606,"date":"2023-02-14T08:14:30","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T03:14:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=26606"},"modified":"2023-02-13T10:23:25","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T05:23:25","slug":"bobur-m%d0%b5rosining-gultoji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26606&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"BOBUR M\u0415ROSINING GULTOJI"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbrta asrlarda Movarounnahrda tug\u02bbilib, jahon ilm-fani, madaniyati, bashar sivilizatsiyasi rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan allomalar minglab noyob durdona asarlar yaratgan. Ularni mutolaa qilgan kishi, albatta, ilm-fan va madaniyat beshigi bo\u02bblgan bu zaminda ijod qilgan olimlar naqadar buyuk zotlar bo\u02bblganini qalban his etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

XV asr oxiri-XVI asr boshlarida Sharq madaniyati, adabiyoti va she\u02bcriyatida o\u02bbchmas iz qoldirgan alloma mutafakkirlardan biri Zahiriddin Muhammad Boburdir. To\u02bbliq ismi Zahiriddin Muhammad ibn Umarshayx Mirzo bo\u02bblib, Bobur \u2013 taxallusi. Ba\u02bczi manbalarda keltirilishicha, u bolaligidayoq dovyurak va jasurligi uchun \u201cBobur\u201d (\u201cYo\u02bblbars\u201d) laqabini olgan [5, 83]. Boshqa bir manbada Umarshayx Mirzoning qaynotasi Yunusxon xursand bo\u02bblib: \u201cNasib etsa, inshoalloh, yo\u02bblbarsday bahodir bo\u02bblg\u02bbusidir. Inchunin, \u201cBobur \u2013 yo\u02bblbars\u201d deb chaqirsak ham bo\u02bblur ekan\u201d [4, 17], degani qayd qilingan. Mirzolar sulolasidan bo\u02bblgani uchun Bobur Mirzo ham deyilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur 888\/1483 yil (6 muharram\/14 fevral kuni)da Andijon shahrida Farg\u02bbona viloyati hokimi Umarshayx Mirzo oilasida tavallud topgan. U, barcha temuriy shahzodalar kabi, bolaligidan maxsus tarbiyachilar va yirik fozilu ulamolar ustozligida arab va fors tillari, fiqh va boshqa ilmlarni o\u02bbrgangan, harbiy ta\u02bclim sirlarini o\u02bbzlashtirgan. 1494 yili Umarshayx Mirzoning fojiali vafotidan so\u02bbng valiahd 12 yoshida Andijon taxtiga o\u02bbtiradi. Lekin bu vaqtda Movarounnahrda siyosiy vaziyat keskinlashib, temuriyzodalar o\u02bbrtasida toj-taxt uchun kurashlar, o\u02bbzaro feodal urushlar avj olgan edi. Bobur bu kurashlarda bevosita ishtirok etadi. Yosh bo\u02bblishiga qaramay, mamlakatda tinchlik va osoyishtalik o\u02bbrnatish, tartibni qaror toptirish uchun bor kuch-quvvatini ishga soladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkir, shubhasiz, tug\u02bbma iste\u02bcdod sohibi edi. Shu bois nafaqat o\u02bbzbek mumtoz adabiyotining yirik vakili va davlat arbobi, balki adabiyotshunos, tilshunos, shoir, tarixchi, etnograf, geograf, mohir sarkarda, boburiylar sulolasining asoschisi sifatida tarix sahifalaridan o\u02bbrin olgan. Ko\u02bbp vaqti jangu jadallarda o\u02bbtganiga qaramay, samarali ijod qilgan. Asarlari bir necha asrlardan buyon ilmiy ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmay, kitobxonlar va tadqiqotchilar tomonidan sevib mutolaa qilib kelinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur 16-17 yoshlaridan ijod bilan shug\u02bbullanib, 18-19 ga yetganida ruboiy va g\u02bbazallar yoza boshlagan. Jumladan, o\u02bbz guvohligiga ko\u02bbra, shoir sifatida ijodiy faoliyati 1498 yili Samarqandni ikkinchi marta egallagan vaqtda boshlangan. Mutafakkir: \u201cUl fursatlarda biror-ikkirar bayt aytur edim\u201d, deb yozadi [5, 86].<\/span><\/p>\n

Uning \u201cTopmadim\u201d radifli g\u02bbazali esa taxminan 1500-1501 yillarda yozilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yod etmas emish kishini g\u02bburbatda kishi,<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
Shod etmas emish ko\u02bbngilni mehnatda kishi.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
Ko\u02bbnglum g\u02bbariblikda shod o\u02bblmadi, oh,<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
G\u02bburbatta sevinmas ermish albatta kishi.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n

misralari bilan boshlanuvchi ruboiysi ham o\u02bbsha yillardagi hayotiy iztiroblari bilan bog\u02bbliq.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyinchalik turkiy va forsiyda she\u02bcrlar bita boshlagan. Turkiydagi she\u02bcrlarini to\u02bbplab, 1519 yilda Kobulda \u201cKobul devoni\u201dni, 1528-1529 yillarda Hindistonda \u201cHind devoni\u201dni tuzadi. Bobur lirikasining asosiy janrlari g\u02bbazal, ruboiy va tuyuqlar hisoblansa-da, u qit\u02bca, fard kabi yo\u02bbnalishlarda ham ijod qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur tarix va etnografiyaga oid \u201cBoburnoma\u201d, huquqshunoslikka oid \u201cMubayyan\u201d, arab alifbosini soddalashtirgan va turkiyga birmuncha moslashtirgan \u201cXatti Boburiy\u201d xati, aruz qoidalariga oid \u201cRisolai aruz\u201d (\u201cMufassal\u201d), musiqa bo\u02bbyicha \u201cIlmi musiqiy\u201d, harbiy ilmi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida \u201cHarb ishi\u201d,\u00a0 kabi bir qancha asarlari bilan o\u02bbzbek adabiyoti, tarixi, ilm-fani, madaniyati va san\u02bcatining ravnaqiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkir mohir tarjimon ham bo\u02bblib, 1528 yilda Xoja Ubaydulloh Ahror Valiyning \u201cVolidiya\u201d risolasini forsiydan turkiyga nazmiy usulda tarjima qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur ilmiy merosining gultoji bo\u02bblgan \u201cBoburnoma\u201d asari O\u02bbrta Osiyo, Afg\u02bboniston, Hindiston va Eron tarixi, geografiyasi va bu yerlarda yashovchi xalqlar etnografiyasiga oid nodir va qimmatli ma\u02bclumotlarni o\u02bbz ichiga olgan. Asar o\u02bbsha davr o\u02bbzbek klassik adabiyoti va adabiy tilining yorqin namunasi bo\u02bblib, mazmunining serqirraligi, rang-barangligi, til va uslubining go\u02bbzalligi bilan alohida ajralib turadi. Asl nomi \u201cVaqoe\u02bc\u201d bo\u02bblsa-da, u \u201cVoqeanoma\u201d,\u201cTuzuki Boburiy\u201d, \u201cVoqeoti Boburiy\u201d, \u201cBoburiya\u201d deb ham atalgan. Keyinchalik \u201cBoburnoma\u201d deb nomlanib, shu nom bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan [1, 5].<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallif bu asarni Hindistonda yozgan. U bayon qilingan voqealar jarayoniga ko\u02bbra 3 qismga \u2013 Movarounnahr (1494-1504), Afg\u02bboniston (1504-24), Hindiston (1524-30)dagi hukmdorlik davriga bo\u02bblinadi. Asarda Markaziy Osiyo, Afg\u02bboniston va Hindistonning 1494-1529 va 1529-1530 yillardagi tarixi, ijtimoiy holati, iqtisodiyoti, bu saltanatlardagi xalqlar, qabilalar, ularning tillari, madaniyati, kasb-hunar va urf-odatlari, rasm-rusumlari, an\u02bcanaviy tadbir-marosimlari, o\u02bbsha davr jamiyatiga xos ijtimoiy tabaqalarga tegishli ma\u02bclumotlar, toj-taxt uchun kurashlar va sodir bo\u02bblgan tarixiy-siyosiy voqealar yilma-yil o\u02bbta aniqlik bilan bayon qilingan. Bularning barchasi bevosita Boburning hayoti va siyosiy faoliyati bilan bog\u02bbliqdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallif \u201cBoburnoma\u201dda faqat tarixiy voqea va hodisalar bilan cheklanmay, balki ularning ishtirokchilari va asosiy qahramonlariga, ya\u02bcni tafsilotlarga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratgan. O\u02bbsha davrda yashagan va muhim mavqelar ishtirokchisi bo\u02bblgan 1500 dan ziyod davlat va madaniyat arbobi, turli tabaqadagi shaxslar haqida so\u02bbz yuritgan. Asarda tasvirlangan har bir obraz, personaj, shaxs o\u02bbzining jozibasi, xarakteri bilan alohida ajralib turadi [3, 237].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayni paytda \u201cBoburnoma\u201dda ijtimoiy-tabiiy fanlar, tarix, fiqh, diniy ta\u02bclimot, tilshunoslik, jug\u02bbrofiya, tabiatshunoslik, ma\u02bcdanshunoslik, dehqonchilik, bog\u02bbdorchilik sohalari bilan birga, ijtimoiy masalalar, siyosiy-iqtisodiy va savdo munosabatlari, Movarounnahr, Xuroson, Hindiston, Eron kabi mamlakatlarda olib borilgan obodonlashtirish ishlari, bunyod etilgan muhim tarixiy inshoot, masjid, madrasa, ziyoratgoh va ibodatxonalarning ta\u02bcrifu tavsiflari ham bayon qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari, Alisher Navoiy, Abdurahmon Jomiy, Shayxim Suhayliy, Husayn Ali Tufayliy, Osafiy, Binoiy, Sayfiy Buxoriy, Ohiy, Muhammad Solih, Xoja Abdullo Marvariy, Qul Muhammad Udiy, Shayx Noyiy, Yusuf Ali, Mullo Yorak, Shohquli G\u02bbijjakiy, Husayn Udiy, Behzod, Shoh Muzaffar kabi ko\u02bbplab shoir, adib va san\u02bcatkorlar tavsif etilib, ularning ijodiy faoliyatlariga xolis baho berilgan. Jumladan, Alisher Navoiy haqida shunday deyilgan: \u201cAlisherbek naziri yo\u02bbq kishi edi. Turkiy til bila to she\u02bcr aytibturlar, hech kim oncha ko\u02bbp va xtub aytqon emas\u2026\u201d [2, 153].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu bois ham \u201cBoburnoma\u201d hanuzgacha tarixiy, geografik, etnografik va adabiy asar sifatida ilmiy ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmay kelyapti. U XVI asrdan hozirgi kungacha bir necha marta ingliz, golland, fransuz, fors, nemis, italyan, rus, hind, urdu va boshqa tillarga tarjima qilinib, sharh-izohlar bilan nashr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBoburnoma\u201d ingliz tilining o\u02bbziga uch marta \u2013 1922 yilda sharqshunos olima Aneta Beverij, 1826 yilda Uilyam Erskin va Jon Leyden tomonidan va 1996 yilda Uiller Takston tomonidan tarjima qilinib, Angliya va AQSHda bir necha bor qayta-qayta chop qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur hayoti va \u201cBoburnoma\u201d asari hamda latofatli she\u02bcrlari o\u02bbsha davrdan hozirgacha jahon olimlari va jamoat arboblarining diqqat markazida bo\u02bblib kelmoqda. Jumladan, Hindistonning buyuk siyosat va jamoat arbobi Javoharla\u02bcl Neru: \u201cBobur \u2013 dilbar shaxs. U Uyg\u02bbonish davrining mohir hukmdori, mard va tadbirkor odam bo\u02bblgan, san\u02bcatga, adabiyotga mehr qo\u02bbygan, hayotning har totli lahzasidan bahra olishni yaxshi ko\u02bbrgan\u2026\u201d, degan. Ingliz tarixchisi Eduard Xolden: \u201cBobur \u2013 fe\u02bcli sajiyasiga ko\u02bbra, Sezarga qaraganda, ardoqqa ko\u02bbproq arzigulikdir.\u201d deb ta\u02bcriflaydi. \u201cBoburnoma\u201dni ingliz tiliga tarjima qilgan mashhur sharqshunos olim Aneta Beverij: \u201cUshbu asarni hamma davrlarda yozilgan eng jozibali adabiyotlar qatoriga qo\u02bbyish lozim\u201d, deb e\u02bctirof etgan. Angliya, AQSH, Fransiya, Rossiya, Hindiston, Pokiston, Afg\u02bboniston, Turkiya, Yaponiya kabi ko\u02bbplab mamlakatlar olimlarining ilmiy tadqiqotlarida \u201cBoburnoma\u201d asari insoniyat tomonidan barpo qilingan o\u02bblmas obidalardan biri sifatida alohida ahamiyatga sazovor ekani ta\u02bckidlangan. Ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, Boburning hayoti va ijodi turli mamlakatlarda o\u02bbrganilmoqda va xalqaro ilmiy hamkorlik vositasiga aylanib bormoqda. Bu ham o\u02bbzbek xalqining ulug\u02bb iftixoridan nishonadir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boburning jahon xalqlari madaniyati xazinasidan munosib o\u02bbrin olgan ilmiy-adabiy merosi, jumladan, \u201cBoburnoma\u201d asarining ilmiy ahamiyati juda yuqori bo\u02bblib, yoshlarimizni imon-e\u02bctiqodli, Vatanga sadoqatli, bilimli, dono va zukko etib voyaga yetkazishda, ularda ajdodlarimiz ilmiy merosiga qiziqishni kuchaytirishda muhim manba bo\u02bblib xizmat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro\u02bbyxati<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Bobur. Boburnoma. 1-qism, So\u02bbzboshi. \u2013 T. 1948.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Bobur. Boburnoma. Yulduzcha. \u2013 T.: 1990.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Qudratullayev H. Bobur armoni, \u2013 T.: Sharq. 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Sultonov X. Boburiynoma, Ma\u02bcrifiy roman \u201cSHARQ\u201d Nashtiyot-matbaa konsernining bosh tahririyati. \u2013T.: 1997.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. O\u02bbzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. O\u02bbzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti. 2-tom. \u2013 T.: 2001.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Yo\u02bbldoshxon ISAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O\u02bbrta asrlarda Movarounnahrda tug\u02bbilib, jahon ilm-fani, madaniyati, bashar sivilizatsiyasi rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan allomalar minglab noyob durdona asarlar yaratgan. Ularni mutolaa qilgan kishi, albatta, ilm-fan va madaniyat beshigi bo\u02bblgan bu zaminda ijod qilgan olimlar naqadar buyuk zotlar bo\u02bblganini qalban his etadi. XV asr oxiri-XVI asr boshlarida Sharq madaniyati, adabiyoti va she\u02bcriyatida o\u02bbchmas iz qoldirgan alloma …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nBOBUR M\u0415ROSINING GULTOJI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BOBUR M\u0415ROSINING GULTOJI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26606&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BOBUR M\u0415ROSINING GULTOJI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOBUR M\u0415ROSINING GULTOJI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26606&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-14T03:14:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-13T05:23:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Bobur.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26606&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26606&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"BOBUR M\u0415ROSINING GULTOJI - 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